广西桂平锰矿区土壤重金属含量及形态分析

选取Mn、Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr和Cd 6种重金属指标,对广西桂平锰矿不同区域土壤的重金属含量及形态分布进行分析。结果表明,该矿区土壤中的6种重金属元素含量均超过了广西的土壤背景值,主要污染物是Mn和Cd。Mn元素以铁锰氧化物结合态为主,占总量的73.11%~92.67%;Pb元素主要为可交换态、铁锰氧化物结合态和残渣态,分别占总量的28.96%~46.59%、15.74%~38.62%和18.72%~36.94%;Zn和Cu的形态分布相似,以残渣态为主,分别占总量的61.75%~80.01%和62.75%~85.67%,其次以铁锰氧化物结合态存在,分别占总量的7.34%~18.68%和8.17%~22.93%;Cr元素以残渣态为主,占总量的74.89%~85.87%;Cd元素形态分布相对较均匀,其中可交换态所占比例最大,占总量的28.24%~36.00%。综合土壤中重金属含量和形态分析结果可知,Mn、Cd元素对该锰矿区生态系统的潜在影响较大。     

忻州市忻府区灌区土壤重金属形态分析及生态风险评价

通过野外采样调查和实验分析,对忻州市忻府区灌区土壤中Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni、Pb的含量和化学形态进行了分析,并对灌区土壤重金属污染进行了风险评价。结果表明:忻府区灌区土壤中Zn、Cr、Ni、Pb的含量高于土壤环境背景值,但低于国家二级标准,Cu的含量低于土壤环境背景值;灌区土壤中Zn、Cr、Ni主要以残余态为主,Cu有机结合态所占比例最高,Pb铁锰氧化物结合态所占比例最高;忻府区灌区生态风险等级为B级,生态风险性较轻,土壤Pb的潜在生态危害性较高,应作为忻府区灌区土壤中优先控制的重金属。     

芜湖市工业区土壤重金属形态分布特征

通过野外调查和实验分析,对芜湖市工业区土壤重金属的形态、含量和分布进行了研究. 结果表明:在四褐山工业区和马塘工业区,土壤中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd含量明显高于土壤元素背景值.重金属的矿物态在总量中所占比例较高,交换态、有机结合态含量较少;统计分析表明:Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn在土壤中的形态分布与土壤pH值、有机质含量等因素密切相关.     

皖北砂姜黑土Cu、Cd、Zn形态分布特征

采用小麦农田取样,对土壤中的重金属运用连续提取方法,研究了皖北砂姜黑土中Cu、Cd、Zn的化学形态、含量及分布特征.结果表明:在砂姜黑土中,重金属Cu、Cd、Zn含量的平均值高于该土地土壤的背景值.土壤中Cu、Cd、Zn的残留态在总量中所占比例比较高,交换态、有机态、碳酸盐结合态含量明显低于残留态.在三种元素中,Zn的化学形态变化趋势最为一致,表现为残留态＞碳酸盐结合态＞铁锰氧化物结合态＞有机态＞交换态;统计分析表明:Cu、Cd、Zn在砂姜黑土中的形态分布与土壤PH值、有机质含量等因素相关;该土壤受到了一定程度的污染.     

污泥农用对碱性土壤重金属元素形态分布的影响

采用一种新的连续浸提方法,研究污泥长期(8 a)施用对碱性土壤中Zn、Cu、Ni、Cd和Pb元素的总量及元素形态分布的影响。结果表明:污泥农用显著增加了土壤中Zn、Cu、Cd和Pb元素的总量,而对Ni元素的总量无显著影响;土壤中Zn、Ni、Cd和Pb元素的主要存在形态为残渣态(61%~84%),其次为乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)提取态,而Cu元素主要为EDTA提取态(42%);污泥农用对土壤中Ni和Pb元素的形态分布无显著影响,但提高了Zn、Cu和Cd元素的EDTA提取态、Zn和Cu元素的有机质结合态以及Cd元素的残渣态比例,而且减小了Zn元素的残渣态、Zn和Cu元素的晶体铁铝氧化物结合态、Cu元素的醋酸-醋酸钠提取态以及Cd元素的可交换态比例;土壤重金属总量、p H和有机质含量是影响重金属元素形态分布的主要因素。     

密云水库沉积物中重金属元素分布及形态研究

主要研究了北京市密云水库沉积物中重金属的总量以及形态分布特征,采用风险评价准则法(RAC)和Tucker3模型探讨沉积物中重金属的潜在危害性.结果表明,各重金属元素的平均含量都超过北京市土壤背景值,重金属元素有一定的富集.Cu有机结合态约占总量的3%～68%;Mn可交换态、碳酸盐结合态约占总量的1%～18%、7%～31%;Pb、Zn的铁锰氧化物结合态分别占总量的12%～53%、4%～27%;其它重金属均以铁锰氧化物结合态和残渣态为主,平均含量占总量的80%以上.根据RAC法得出,Mn(除采样点18)处于中等风险甚至高风险等级;Pb、Zn、Cu属从低风险到中等风险级;Ni、V、Cr、Ti的潜在生态风险较低.该结论将为北京市密云水库保护、人体健康安全保护措施的制定提供科学依据.     

不同剂量外源重金属注入对土壤重金属形态分布的影响

以塿土为研究对象,在添加不同剂量重金属盐的条件下,采用改进后的Tessier法测定了土壤重金属的形态,研究了不同剂量重金属盐注入后土壤重金属形态分布的变化规律。结果表明:外源重金属注入剂量的高低对塿土中Pb、Cd形态、分布影响较大,对Zn影响较小。低剂量处理后Pb形态分布为:残渣态有机结合态≈铁锰氧化物结合态交换态碳酸盐结合态;较低剂量、中剂量及较高剂量处理后形态分布为:残渣态铁锰氧化物结合态有机结合态碳酸盐结合态交换态,而高剂量处理后形态分布变为:铁锰氧化物结合态碳酸盐结合态残渣态有机结合态交换态。Cd盐处理后,低剂量和较低剂量注入后其形态分布为:残渣态铁锰氧化物结合态≈交换态有机结合态碳酸盐结合态,其他剂量注入后各形态分布呈无规律变化。不同剂量Zn盐处理后土壤中Zn形态分布始终为:残渣态铁锰氧化物结合态有机结合态碳酸盐结合态交换态。     

海泡石与菌根对污染土壤中Pb、Cd、Zn形态的影响

为修复重金属复合污染的土壤,采用连续提取法,通过盆栽实验研究了海泡石与菌根对土壤重金属Pb、Cd、Zn形态的影响。结果表明:海泡石可使Pb、Cd的可交换态转化成其他4种形态,使Zn的可交换态转化成碳酸盐结合态、有机物结合态和残渣态;菌根能显著增加可交换态的Pb、Cd、Zn浓度,降低了Pb的碳酸盐结合态、Cd的铁锰氧化态、Zn的有机物结合态的浓度。海泡石和菌根联合处理同单施海泡石的结果相似,说明联合修复中对重金属形态的影响海泡石起主导作用。该研究证实了海泡石可以调节重金属Pb、Cd、Zn的形态,从而降低污染土壤中重金属的生物有效性。     

不同比例羟基磷灰石对沉积物中重金属形态影响的比较

通过考察模拟污染沉积物中重金属的形态分布规律,研究不同比例的羟基磷灰石对污染沉积物中不同重金属的固定化效果.结果表明:羟基磷灰石掺杂后重金属残渣态的质量分数变化不大,但随掺杂比例的加大,Pb,Cd,Zn由可交换态向其他结合态转化的质量分数增加,Cu由碳酸盐结合态向其他结合态转化的质量分数增加.羟基磷灰石的掺杂导致可交换态和碳酸盐结合态Pb的质量分数之和下降,当掺杂物质的量比为6时,质量分数为25.5%～36.1%的可交换态和碳酸盐结合态的Pb转化为其他较稳定的结合态,但对Cd,Cu,Zn的影响较Pb小.     

连续提取法对电镀废水污染土壤重金属形态研究

采用五级化学连续提取法测定电镀废水污染的土壤中Cu、Cr、Ni、Pb及Mn等重金属的五种形态(可交换态,碳酸盐结合态,Fe-Mn氧化物结合态,有机结合态,残留态),分析金属元素和土壤固相组分的结合形态.结果显示,电镀废水污染的土壤中Cu、Cr和Mn的有效态含量较高,而Ni和Pb则主要以残留态为主;在有效态中,Cu、Cr和Ni主要以有机结合态存在,分别占有效态含量的54.1%,73.5%和39.1%,而Mn和Pb则以可交换态含量最高,分别占有效态含量的38.9%和39.6%;大部分Cr来源于电镀废水污染;电镀废水污染的土壤中Mn对植物的影响最为直接.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has