低合金高强度双相耐磨钢热处理工艺研究

采用光学显微镜、电子显微镜和万能力学试验机对热处理后的低合金高强度双相耐磨钢试样进行组织观察和力学性能测试.结果表明,水淬后的试样微观组织为贝氏体-马氏体双相组织;250 ℃回火后的试样微观组织为回火马氏体和贝氏体;450 ℃和600 ℃回火后的试样微观组织分别为回火马氏体和贝氏体.水淬250 ℃回火后的试样具有最佳强度和塑性配比,其抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为1 491.4 MPa和1 264.6 MPa,HRC硬度为43,延伸率为9.42%.     

V、Ta微合金化12Cr低活性F/M钢的优化设计

采用Thermo-Calc热力学模拟计算与实验相结合的方法,优化设计了一种V、Ta微合金化的低活性F/M钢12Cr3WVTa,经1 050℃水淬及780℃回火后对其显微组织及析出相进行光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜观察以及能谱分析.实验钢淬火回火后显微组织由回火马氏体和少量δ铁素体相组成,析出相主要为M23C6和MX相(M=V,Ta;X=C,N),其中M23C6主要分布于回火马氏体板条界和相界,而MX弥散析出于回火马氏体板条内以及δ铁素体内.实验钢室温和高温(600℃)拉伸力学性能良好,600℃下材料抗拉强度为507 MPa,屈服强度为402 MPa,满足超临界水冷堆用包壳管的拉伸性能要求.     

调质低碳贝氏体钢的组织和性能

研究了C--Mn--Mo--Cu--Nb--Ti--B系低碳微合金钢915℃淬火和490～640℃回火的调质工艺对钢的组织及力学性能的影响.用扫描电镜和透射电镜对实验钢的组织、析出物形态和分布以及断口形貌进行观察,采用X射线衍射仪分析钢中残余奥氏体的体积分数.结果表明:调质后,实验钢获得贝氏体、少量马氏体及残余奥氏体复相组织,贝氏体板条宽度只有250 nm,残余奥氏体的体积分数随着回火温度的升高而降低,经淬火与520℃回火后残余奥氏体的体积分数为2.1%.调质后析出物的数量激增,6～15 nm的析出物占70%以上.实验钢经过915℃淬火与520℃回火后,其屈服强度达到915 MPa,抗拉强度990 MPa,-40℃冲击功为95 J.细小的析出物及窄的板条提高了钢的强度.板条间有残余奥氏体存在,改善了实验钢的韧性.     

热处理对1000 MPa级工程机械结构用钢组织和性能的影响

设计了一种低碳Mn-Mo-Nb-Cu-B系超高强度工程机械结构用钢,研究了在同种成分条件下TMCP(thermo-mechan-ical control-process)+回火与控轧+直接淬火+回火两种工艺对钢组织和性能的影响.对比分析了热处理前后钢板各项力学性能和组织的变化.结果表明,两种工艺条件下钢的屈服强度和冲击性能的变化趋势相似,经500～620℃回火1h后钢的屈服强度均有大幅度提高.控轧+直接淬火+回火得到的钢板综合性能明显优于TMCP+回火,前者在600℃回火后屈服强度仍达到1000MPa以上,同时延伸率达到18%,-40℃冲击功大于30J,而后者塑性较好但强度稍低;随回火温度的升高,控轧+直接淬火+回火工艺条件下的组织演化速度要快于TMCP+回火工艺.     

Fe-Mn-1.6 Ni-C水电用钢板轧后 直接淬火和回火工艺

通过Fe-Mn-1.6Ni-C钢板控制轧制、轧后直接淬火和560~710℃回火调质处理实验,研究了轧后直接淬火态和回火态的组织与性能变化.结果表明,轧后直接淬火得到组织细小的板条马氏体,固溶强化作用提高了其抗拉强度.经过回火热处理后,碳化物的析出及其对位错的钉扎作用,降低了钢的抗拉强度,提高了钢的屈服强度.随着回火温度的升高,碳化物聚集长大,铁素体发生回复与再结晶,造成强度下降以及冲击韧性提高.当回火温度高于A_○c1时,粗大的碳化物极易引起裂纹形核,破坏钢的冲击韧性.Fe-Mn-1.6Ni-C钢最优的回火温度为680℃,屈服强度为963MPa,抗拉强度为988MPa,延伸率为20.0%,-60℃冲击功为142J.     

淬火温度对12Cr14Ni2不锈结构钢组织及力学性能的影响

使用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、电子探针(EPMA)及透射电镜(TEM)分析研究了淬火温度对12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈结构钢的显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:热轧后的实验钢板经 900~1050℃保温0.5h淬火及710℃高温回火2h热处理后,均可以获得细小均匀的回火索氏体组织;回火索氏体晶界处存在大量直径100~200nm的富含Cr的M₂₃C₆型析出相;随着淬火温度从900℃升高到1050℃,淬火后奥氏体晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,进而导致热处理后的回火索氏体组织粗化;实验钢强度先减小后增大,延伸率和冲击功均先增加后降低;在最佳淬火温度950℃时,实验钢抗拉强度为767MPa,屈服强度为588MPa,断后延伸率为22%,在20℃时冲击功达107J,综合力学性能优异.     

高强高韧低合金锰钢的研制

采用多元合金化思路设计了一种新型低合金高强度高韧性锰钢.研究了该钢的静态CCT曲线、显微组织、断口形貌以及热处理工艺对钢的力学性能的影响.结果表明:该钢中过冷奥氏体的稳定性高,具有高淬透性及高回火稳定性,经890～930℃淬火及200～230℃回火后获得回火板条马氏体组织,使该钢具有高的强韧性(抗拉强度Rm≥1500MPa,冲击韧性Akv≥85J)匹配;钢中适当提高锰含量,符合我国资源情况,具有较高的性价比.     

DQ-T工艺对12MnNiVR钢组织和力学性能的影响

研究了轧后在线淬火+离线回火(DQ-T)对12MnNiVR容器钢显微组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明,在线淬火至300℃获得的组织以条状贝氏体为主,淬火至30℃的组织为马氏体加贝氏体.经离线回火,原始带状下贝氏体为回火索氏体替代,同时析出大量微小FexC粒子.在630~710℃区间,随着回火温度的升高,屈服强度和硬度急速降低,而低温韧性明显提升.回火时间增加,强度下降,韧性增强.在最佳DQ-T工艺条件下:容器钢的ReH为660MPa,Rm为700MPa,A为19.4%,Akv(-20℃)为104 J.     

调质工艺对V微合金油井管用钢力学性能的影响

为应对复杂苛刻的工作环境,开发出可以达到Q125钢级标准的高抗拉、抗压和抗挤毁性能的油井管用钢,研究了调质工艺对V微合金化试样微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:经调质处理后的实验钢的微观组织主要是回火马氏体和微量贝氏体,碳化物大量析出,使材料具有良好的综合力学性能.较低的回火温度和较长的回火时间可增加碳化物的析出量,从而增强沉淀强化作用.在610℃下回火70min的综合力学性能最佳,屈服强度、抗拉强度及伸长率分别可达954MPa,989MPa及13.5%. 0℃冲击功横向为25J,轧向为46J,满足Q125钢级油井管标准要求.     

MgO细粉对Al2O3-尖晶石系浇注料性能的影响

研究了MgO细粉的加入对Al2O3-尖晶石系浇注料性能的影响.在110℃×24h烘干,1 500℃×3h烧成制度下,通过改变基质中MgO细粉的加入量,对材料物理性能和力学性能进行测试.结果表明3%～5%MgO细粉的加入能显著改善Al2O3-尖晶石系浇注料的综合烧结性能如显气孔率15%～17%;体积密度3.01～3.03 g/cm3,;耐压强度和抗折强度分别高达104～115 MPa和12.5～14.5 MPa;当MgO细粉的加入量大于5%时,由于材料线变化率和显气孔率的过度增大,引起材料结构的松散,导致材料强度的降低和抗渣性能的下降如显气孔率大于20%;体积密度小于2.90 g/cm3,;耐压强度和抗折强度则分别小于100 MPa和11MPa.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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