顶空-气相色谱法测定托芬那酸中有机溶剂残留

目的：采用顶空-气相色谱法测定托芬那酸中甲苯和二甲基甲酰胺（简称DMF）两种有机溶剂的残留量。方法：采用顶空程序升温气相色谱法,顶空平衡温度100℃,平衡时间30min,色谱柱为DB-624毛细管柱,初始柱温为60℃,保持3min后以20℃/min的速率升温至200℃,保持4min。结果：甲苯和DMF在该色谱条件下线性关系、回收率、精密度和检测限均符合要求。结论：该方法操作简便,结果准确可靠。可用于托芬那酸产品中残留有机溶剂的测定。     

顶空气相色谱法测定水中丙烯腈、苯乙烯

应用顶空气相色谱法测定水中微量丙烯腈、苯乙烯,样品在顶空并中90℃温度中气液平衡20min后,吸取顶空气体1 mL进行色谱测定,丙烯腈、苯乙烯最低检出浓度分别为0.01 mg/L、0.002 mg/L变异系数(CV)分别为4.4%、5.7%该方法操作简便、分析速度快、且不受多种挥发性有机物干扰.     

GC直接进样与顶空进样法检测睾酮衍生物AD残留量*

建立毛细管气相色谱法,分别采用溶液直接进样与顶空进样法测定睾酮衍生物AD中溴代环戊烷的残留量。溶液直接进样法:色谱柱为DB-WAX石英毛细管柱,采用程序升温,初始温度50℃,保持5 min;然后以30(℃·min-1)升温至200℃,保持7 min。顶空进样法:顶空瓶加热温度90℃,平衡时间30 min。测得溴代环戊烷分别在4.17~83.4(μg·m L-1)和0.139~2.78(μg·m L-1)范围内呈良好线性关系。回收率分别为100.65%、99.82%。这两种方法均可检测睾酮衍生物AD中溴代环戊烷的残留量,而顶空进样法灵敏度更高,对色谱柱污染较小。     

顶空气相色谱法测定雷贝拉唑钠原料药中残留溶剂含量

利用气相色谱法测定雷贝拉唑钠原料药中丙酮、乙腈、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯和甲苯5种有机溶剂残留量,通过优化实验条件建立了一种有效的测定有机溶剂残留量的方法。采用顶空毛细管气相色谱法,检测器为氢火焰离子化检测器,色谱柱为DB-624石英毛细管柱,以氮气为载气,流速为2.0mL/min;柱温采取程序升温方式,于40℃保持8min,然后以每分钟20℃的速率升温至240℃,并保持20min;顶空平衡温度为90℃,平衡时间为30min;进样口温度为200℃,检测温度为250℃;进样体积为1mL,分流比为5∶1。5种有机溶剂在该色谱条件下均能有效分离,峰面积与浓度呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数R圴大于0.990,检出限(3S/N)分别为0.616,6.72,4.89,2.70,1.46μg/mL,定量限(10S/N)分别为1.85,16.8,13.9,8.07,3.64μg/mL,各残留溶剂的加标回收率均在90%~110%范围内。     

顶空气相色谱法测定丁苯酞原料药中6种有机溶剂残留量

采用顶空气相色谱法对丁苯酞原料药中的甲醇、乙腈、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃和正庚烷共6种残留溶剂的含量进行测定.使用Agilent DB-624(0.32 mm×30 m,3μm)色谱柱,色谱柱程序升温;氢火焰离子化检测器,检测器温度为250℃.进样口温度为220℃;顶空平衡温度为80℃,平衡时间为30 min.结果显示,6种残留溶剂间分离度良好.在一定质量浓度范围内,各残留溶剂线性关系均良好,相关系数r0.999 0.重复性实验结果的相对标准偏差值均小于5%,加样回收率均在80%～120%范围内,不同批次原料药残留溶剂检查结果均符合要求.该方法准确灵敏,可用于丁苯酞原料药中残留溶剂的测定.     

顶空气相色谱法测定水中丙烯腈、苯乙烯

应用顶空气相色谱法测定水中微量丙烯腈、苯乙烯，样品在顶空并中90℃温度中气液平衡20min后．吸取顶空气体1mL进行色谱测定，丙烯腈、苯乙烯最低检出浓度分别为0．01mg／L、0．002mg／L变异系数(CV)分别为4．4％、5．7％该方法操作简便、分析速度快、且不受多种挥发性有机物干扰。     

顶空毛细管气相色谱法测定甘草酸二铵中乙醇残留量

采用顶空毛细管气相色谱法对甘草酸二铵中残留溶剂乙醇含量进行了分析测定,并讨论了载气流速、柱温、分流比、平衡温度、平衡时间等因素对测定的影响.分析结果表明,该方法对甘草酸二铵中乙醇的最小检测质量浓度为2.028 mg/L;测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.7%;样品平均回收率为99.5%～114.0%;本方法简便,灵敏,快速,准确.     

顶空气相色谱法测定红霉素原料药中的残留溶剂

建立了红霉素原料药中有机溶剂的分离测定方法.即采用顶空进样毛细管气相色谱法,FID检测器,应用DB-FFAP毛细管柱(25.0 m×0.32 mm×1 μm),载气为氮气,柱温采取程序升温,初始温度40℃,保持6 min,再以20℃·min-1的速率升至180℃,保持5min,测定红霉素原料中丙酮、乙酸丁酯残留量.各有机溶剂均能得到有效分离,在所考察的浓度范围内线性关系良好,r为0.999 0～0.999 7,平均回收率为99.8%～104%.方法灵敏、准确、可靠,可用于红霉素中有机溶剂的检测.     

抗坏血酸与半胱氨酸Maillard反应的挥发性产物的提取与鉴定

以固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(SPME-GC-MS)技术对抗坏血酸与半胱氨酸的Maillard反应挥发性产物进行提取和鉴定.研究了萃取头类型、萃取时间、萃取温度对提取量的影响,最佳的SPME采样条件是:采用CAR/PDMS(75 μm tiffckness)萃取头在40℃萃取温度下顶空萃取样品50min.鉴定出包括酮、呋喃、噻吩、噻唑、吡嗪、吡咯、吡啶、硫醇、苯酚、多硫化物在内的共68个挥发性化合物.噻吩,噻唑,多硫化物是挥发性化合物的主要成分,占挥发物总质量的91%以上.     

聚氯乙烯车间空气中氯乙烯的顶空气相色谱测定法

用顶空气相色谱法测定聚氯乙烯车间空气中氯乙烯的含量。以流量为0.1 L/min采集空气试样1.5 L,经甲醇解吸后,顶空温度在50℃条件下平衡40 min,用气相色谱FID检测器,以OV-1毛细管柱分离测定。氯乙烯的加标回收率为97.9%~111.2%,方法最低检出浓度为0.89 mg/m3,相对标准偏差(RSD%)为4.99%。结果表明,该方法有较高的灵敏度和理想的准确度,并能达到规定的检出限,适用于工作场所空气中氯乙烯的测定。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that