钙盐处理对柞蚕丝与桑蚕丝结构和性能的影响

钙盐处理是蚕丝纤维改性的一种重要方法.研究了桑蚕丝与柞蚕丝经氯化钙溶液处理后的溶失行为、形态结构、化学组成和结晶结构的变化.在相同处理条件下,柞蚕丝的溶失率比桑蚕丝小;两种蚕丝断裂强度的下降幅度一致;但柞蚕丝的断裂伸长增加,而桑蚕丝降低.经过钙盐处理,两种丝素的构象都会由β折叠向α螺旋或无规卷曲转变,但这种转变对桑蚕丝更为明显.钙盐处理30min后,柞蚕丝的结晶度上升,而桑蚕丝的结晶度下降.扫描电镜观察显示两种蚕丝均发生了分纤行为,但柞蚕丝变化不如桑蚕丝明显,内部孔洞也没有桑蚕丝多.     

剑麻纤维的改性与抗拉性能关系的研究

测定了剑麻纤维改性前后的结晶度和抗拉性能．结果表明，经１５０℃或１８０℃热处理后，剑麻纤维的结晶度和拉伸性能都有所提高．经浓的氢氧化钠和醋酸处理后，剑麻纤维的断裂伸长率增加而拉伸模量下降     

辐射接枝马来酸酐和壳聚糖改性真丝纤维

讨论了辐射接枝马来酸酐和壳聚糖对真丝纤维的改性作用。通过改变不同的辐射剂量和壳聚糖浓度,在合适的工艺条件下,改性后真丝抗皱性能大大提高,但其白度和强度均略有下降。     

壳聚糖在真丝针织物抗皱整理中的应用

采用纳米级TiO2作为壳聚糖柠檬酸溶解的催化剂,对真丝针织物进行抗皱整理.实验结果表明,经壳聚糖柠檬酸溶解整理后,真丝针织物的折皱回复角由207.66°提高到286.88°,并且整理后不影响真丝织物的其他服用性能.     

热处理对Lyocell纤维结构和性能的影响

研究了热处理时不同的温度、时间及张力对Lyocell纤维结构和性能的影响。结果表明热处理能提高Lyocell纤维的强度和模量，但是断裂伸长率有所下降。热处理温度为160℃，时间为12～25s时效果较好。热处理中施加张力可以进一步提高Lyocell纤维的强度和模量，但纤维的断裂伸长率迅速下降。热处理后的Lyocell纤维结晶度略有提高，但随着张力的增加，结晶度基本不变。热处理后纤维的总取向增大，而晶区取向基本不变，故无定形区取向大幅度提高。研究结果还表明Lyocell纤维通过热处理而提高的力学性能并不能长久地维持，随着放置时间的延长，其力学性能会逐渐下降并回复到热处理以前的状态。     

蟹腿关节壳聚糖的纺丝成形工艺及醇脱水处理对纤维结构性能的影响

研究了蟹腿关节壳聚糖溶液的流变行为,以及该种壳聚糖湿法纺丝成形中喷丝头拉伸倍数、凝固浴组成、干燥温度和脱水介质对壳聚糖纤维结构性能的影响。结果表明,最佳成形条件:喷丝头拉伸倍数为1.05,凝固浴为NaOH质量分数为10%的溶液和乙醇的复配液(体积比为6∶4),干燥温度为70℃。在此条件下制备得到的壳聚糖初生纤维力学性能较好,进一步分别以甲醇和乙醇溶液作为脱水剂对初生纤维进行浸泡脱水处理。结果表明:经醇脱水处理后,壳聚糖纤维的直径和平衡溶胀率减小、强度和结晶度增大,并且纤维表面更加致密,丝束之间易于分离;甲醇溶液脱水处理效果更好,可使壳聚糖纤维的断裂强度提高24.1%。     

粘胶纤维在甘油中松弛热处理时微细结构的变化及其对性能影响的研究

将粘胶纤维于不同温度下在甘油中松驰热处理后,用计算机分峰法研究其微细结构的变化及其对性能的影响。已发现,在松驰状态下,在190℃以上温度热处理时,发生结晶度的增加和晶型的转变。结晶度的增加主要是纤维素Ⅳ的增加,而纤维素Ⅳ的形成包括由无定形区大分子结晶和由纤维素Ⅱ转化两个过程。由纤维素Ⅱ明显地向纤维素Ⅵ转化的温度在230℃左右,并且发现这个转化温度随热处理的时间及张力而变化。经低温稀碱处理后,发现部分纤维素Ⅳ又会转变成纤维素Ⅱ。在190℃以下(包括190℃)热处理纤维的结构参数变化不大,但它的大部分性能变好。热处理温度高于190℃以上时,由于聚合度下降引起纤维强度降低。同时,实验得出纤维素Ⅳ的含量增加,有使纤维湿模量增大,而膨润度、吸湿率下降的趋势。这对改善粘胶纤维的性能有重要的作用。     

纤维体积分数对炭/炭复合材料力学性能的影响

以40%,30%和25%3种不同纤维体积分数的针刺整体毡为坯体,经3次化学气相浸渗后制备C/C复合材料;测定其未经热处理与经不同温度热处理后的石墨化度,抗弯、抗剪、垂直与平行抗压强度;在偏光下观察其微观结构;采用扫描电子显微镜对其断口形貌进行观察;研究纤维体积分数与C/C复合材料的力学性能的关系及不同热处理条件下C/C复合材料的断裂机理.研究结果表明:在不同热处理状态下,当纤维体积分数为30%时炭/炭复合材料的抗弯、抗压和抗剪强度均最高;经热处理后的试样,其力学性能降低,断裂方式由脆性断裂转变为韧性断裂;热处理温度越高,其力学性能降低的程度越大.     

预热处理对高相对分子质量聚乙烯增塑熔纺纤维拉伸性能的影响

高相对分子质量聚乙烯的增塑熔纺,由于聚合物浓度较高,大分子缠结多,纤维超拉伸比较困难,难以达到高强度。采用预热处理的方法,改善了纤维的拉伸行为和力学性能。经WAXD、SEW分析发现,预热处理后大分子网络相互靠近,使片晶厚化,晶粒尺寸变大,而纤维结晶度有所减小,有利于超倍拉伸的进行。这里最佳热处理温度为115～130℃,最佳热处理时间为3～10 min。     

静电纺壳聚糖/PVA共混纤维的微细结构

文章主要研究静电纺工艺对壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇(PVA)共混纤维形态结构和聚集态结构的影响.研究表明:以甲酸为溶剂时,静电纺壳聚糖/PVA共混纤维的直径随着电压的增大有减小的趋势,喷丝头到接收屏之间的距离(C-SD)的增加有利于珠状物的减少,但使纤维细度的均匀性下降;以乙酸为溶剂时,静电纺壳聚糖/PVA共混纤维虽然呈连续的分布,但其上有一定数量的珠状物,增加C-SD,珠状物减少;随着电压和C-SD的增加,静电纺壳聚糖-乙酸/PVA共混纤维的结晶度增加.     

Study on Bombyx mori silk treated by oxygen plasma

Study of the morphology, aggregation structure and properties of Bombyx mori silk treated by low temperature oxygen plasma showed that slight flutes appeared on the surface of Bombyx mori silk fiber and that its surface structure changed after plasma treatment. The conformation also changed and crystalline degree decreased. The stannic filling rate of treated fiber was improved. Because of etching, the weight of the fiber decreased but the breaking strength changed little after short-time treatment.     

Chemical Modification of Silk Fibers with Ethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate

Silk fibers have been grafted with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and characteristics of the grafted silk fibers were analyzed in relation to the graft yield on the basis of the tensile properties, dyeing behaviour, durability during laundering and solubility of the specimen in NaOH solution. The amount of the acid dye absorbed by the fibers decreased with increasing graft yield, while the value of rating for washing fastness on silk fibers was almost unchanged by the graft treatment The breaking loads of the fiber were almost unchanged whereas rigidity of the fibers increased after graft treatment. Graft treatment enhanced silk fiber durability during laundering and in NaOH solution.     

稀土固着丝胶增重真丝纤维的结构变化

用稀土金属离子通过形成配位结合来固着丝胶，制备了不同增重率的丝纤维，研究了增重丝纤维结构变化。与未增重丝纤维相比，增重丝纤维的纵向形态和截面形态发生了变化，增重丝纤维中氮元素和碳元素的含量呈下降趋势，增重丝纤维中极性氨基酸含量增加，增重丝纤维的结晶度随着增重率的增加而下降，增重丝纤维热分解峰顶温度变化不明显。     

Structures of Silk Fibers Grafted with Hexafluorobutyl Methacrylate

The relationship between the graft yield and the effect of hexafiuorobutyl methacrylate graft treatment on the structural changes of the silk fibers was studied on the basis of the results of scanning electron micrograph photographs （SEM）, infrared spectroscopy （IR）, Raman spectrum, wide-angle X-ray diffraction patterns （WAXD）, nuclear magnetic resonance（NMR） and amion acid analysis. The results showed that the crystalline regions of grafted fibers were hardly affected and the fiber fission occurred on the cross sections of grafted fibers. The surface of fibers was covered with a high polymer film. The Raman spectrum showed there was little change in the conformation of grafted fibers which mainly remained β-sheet conformation. The IR of the grafted silk fibers showed new absorption of bands occurred which belonged to the stretching-vibrationabsorption-peak bands of Vo-o and VC-F of aliphatic ester species. The CF3-, -CF2- and -CFH- grafted silk macromodecul were verified in the NMR spectrum. The amion acid analysis indicated fluoride monomers were inclined to graft with TYR, ARG and CLU silk fibers.     

Molecular Fundaments of Mechanical Properties of Spider Silk

Dragline, framework and cocoon silk fibers of Araneus Ventricosus were used for this study. To investigate the microstructure mechanisms of stress-strain behavior of spider silk, firstly, amino acid compositions were analyzed and molecular conformations and crystallinity were measured with Raman spectra and X-ray diffraction respectively. The results showed that there were more amino acids with large side groups and polar ones in spider silk than those of Bombyx silk, and the amino acid distribution varied with different spider silk. The molecular structures were mainlyα-helix and β-sheet, and random coil andβ-turn existed as well. The proportions and arrangement of these conformations of dragline silk were different from framework and cocoon silk fibers. Microstructure was one of important factors of excellent mechanical properties of spider silk. Crystallinity of spider silk was very low, which implied that the roles of crystal on spider silk were not as great as other protein fibers.     

丝素蛋白纤维的接枝聚合（Ⅱ）──无引发剂存在时丝素蛋白纤维接枝烯类单体

研究了无引发剂存在时丝素蛋白纤维与烯类单体的接枝聚合反应．与四价铈盐引发的接枝聚合相比，无外加引发剂存在时的接枝聚合，可以获取高得多的接枝率和单体的接技效率．这种接枝聚合方法是丝素蛋白纤维的一种更为有效的改性方法．接枝０．６％２－羟基－４－丙烯酰氧二苯酮（ＨＡＯＢＰ）的丝素蛋白纤维，其热稳定性及紫外稳定性均得到了显著的改善，但力学性能没有下降．     

[2—~3H_1]州烷醇-1的合成及其提高蚕叶丝转化率的研究

本文以卅烷酸为原料,经溴化、酯化而得α—溴代卅烷酸甲酯,将酯进行卤氚交换后,用铝锂氢还原氚标记的酯,由此得到[2—~3H_1]卅烷醇—1(~3H—TRIA).用~3H—TRIA 养蚕添食,研究了~3H—TRIA 在蚕体内的分布和消长动态,测量了蚕的丝腺体、消化管和蚕粪的放射性强度.添食18小时后,在五龄蚕第4—6日的丝腺茧体内放射性强度达高峰,并保持稳定状态.用TRIA 养蚕添食,蚕体重、全茧量和层量与对照相比均有显著增加,证实了TRIA 对蚕的生长,促进丝心蛋白合成有显著作用,提高了蚕的叶丝转化率.     

Structure and Properties of Silk Fibers Grafted with Vinyl Siloxane Monomer

IntroductionSilk are used extensively in textile field because of itsexcellent characteristics , but silk crease and yellow easily .Grafting of silk fibers with vinyl monomers is considered asan effective method to substantially i mprove its intrinsicproperties . The most popular vinyl monomers currently usedare methyl methacrylate[1 ,2], hydroxypropyl methacrylate[3]and methacrylamide[4]etc .. The properties of silk fibersgrafted with these monomers were i mproved . But thephysical propertie…     

家蚕非编码RNA Bm-152功能初探

Bm-152是前期研究中发现的一个在家蚕丝腺中高表达的非编码RNA.采用实时荧光定量PCR技术对Bm-152在家蚕5龄到预蛹期不同发育天数丝腺中的表达谱进行检测.同时,在个体中过表达Bm-152,检测Bm-152可能参与的信号通路.结果显示,Bm-152在家蚕5龄幼虫丝腺发育过程中无明显的变化规律,但在吐丝第1天表达量较高,随后表达量又下降.通过在血淋巴中注射2μg piggyBac[A3-EGFP-A3-Bm-152]过表达载体,48h后发现Bm-152在丝腺组织中无明显过表达,但在非丝腺组织中可实现明显过表达,且表达量上调1.66倍;蜕皮激素信号通路基因Usp在非丝腺组织中上调1.95倍,E75A在非丝腺组织中上调2.26倍,保幼激素信号通路基因Met在非丝腺组织中上调1.79倍.表明非编码RNA Bm-152可能通过蜕皮激素和保幼激素信号通路参与家蚕发育,该结果为进一步探索Bm-152的功能提供了方向.