TC11钛合金的高温蠕变实验研究

对TC11钛合金在同一温度(550℃)不同应力水平条件下进行了多组蠕变实验,根据有关流变模型建立了积分型蠕变本构方程和微分型应力应变本构关系,并对由蠕变方程推导的理论结果与实验结果的误差进行了分析.     

损伤材料的热塑性本构关系及对柱壳破裂问题的应用

从应变等价原理和线性温升软化近似出发，得到了有关的材料参数的表达式．通过本构关系的内变量理论导出了一个含损伤和温度软化效应的增量型塑性本构方程．然后将所得到的本构方程应用于内部爆轰加载下钢管的破裂问题中，并给出了相应的计算流程．进行了具体的数值计算并分析了有关规律．计算结果和实验结果符合得比较好     

应变空间的软岩统一弹塑性软化本构模型

为使以拉为正的统一强度理论表达式适用于岩土工程界以压为正的习惯表达，首先将以压为正的单向压缩和单向拉伸试验条件代入统一强度理论表达式，确定了相关参数，建立了以压为正的统一强度理论表达式，该表达式考虑了材料拉压不等及中间主应力的影响．将所建立的统一强度理论表达式引入应变空间，针对一种硅藻质软岩材料，利用基于应变空间的弹塑性本构方程对软岩的软化模型进行了分析和探讨，建立了应变空间表述的三轴状态下的弹塑性本构关系式，并结合硅藻质软岩的三轴试验结果进行了数值模拟分析，结果表明应变空间的统一弹塑性软化本构方程的数值模拟结果非常接近试验结果，可以很好地模拟软岩的应变软化特征．     

新型碳酚醛材料动静态力学性能和本构关系研究

研究了碳纤维增强酚醛复合材料在不同温度下的动静态压缩力学性能，碳酚醛材料不但是应变率敏感材料，也是温度相关材料；提出了一个非线性粘弹性本构方程，通过对实验应力-应变曲线的拟合给出了本构方程的材料参数，讨论了温度对本构方程参数的影响；分析了材料力学行为的时温等效性，给出了不同加载条件下的时温等效曲线。     

有机玻璃在不同温度下应力松弛的非线性本构关系研究

将表述有机玻璃中低变率下应力－应变行为的非线性本构理论,扩展扩用到应力松弛状态,给出了应力松弛状态的本构方程。对－２０￣＋６０℃五个不同温度和应变量为３％￣２０％范围内的实验结果进行理论验证,吻合情况良好。     

煤岩非线性损伤试验及理论模型

为了研究煤岩材料的损伤演化过程,分别对煤和砂岩试样进行了轴向应变控制、定常环向应变控制、不同围压下的单轴压缩和三轴压缩试验研究,观察煤岩的实验损伤演化过程;对试验数据进行分析,结合煤样的变形损伤特征,基于损伤力学和热力学基本原理,推导并建立了煤岩非线性损伤演化方程和煤岩试样非线性损伤本构方程.通过试验结果验证了煤岩材料的非线性损伤理论的合理性,同时也丰富了煤岩损伤理论体系.     

弹性回复对应原理在非线性粘弹性本构理论中的应用

 在引用三维Stieltjes卷积形式的简化非线性粘弹性本构关系和三维本构关系的弹性回复对应原理的基础上,提出了一种寻求非线性粘弹性本构关系的新方法,运用上述理论对聚丙烯材料在不同应变率条件下的单轴拉伸应力应变曲线进行了模拟,理论计算表明,建立在弹性回复对应原理基础上的非线性粘弹性本构关系能够对聚合物一类非线性粘弹性材料的本构行为进行合理的描述.     

高锰TWIP钢热变形行为及应变补偿型本构方程的建立

对高锰TWIP钢进行不同温度(850～1 100℃)和应变速率(0.01,0.1,1,5,10 s~(-1))的绝热压缩试验,研究试验钢高温热变形行为.分析了变形温度和应变速率对流动特性的影响,建立了应变补偿型本构方程,并采用三种标准统计参数对应变补偿型本构方程的精确度进行了评估.结果表明:流动应力对变形温度和应变速率的敏感程度很高,且随着变形温度的提高或应变速率的降低,流动应力呈下降趋势;应变速率对动态再结晶过程有着很复杂的影响;流动应力预测值与试验值具有较高的吻合度,表明建立的应变补偿型本构方程能够精确预测流动应力.     

高锰TWIP钢热变形行为及应变补偿型本构方程的建立

对高锰TWIP钢进行不同温度(850~1100℃)和应变速率(0.01,0.1,1,5,10s^-1)的绝热压缩试验,研究试验钢高温热变形行为. 分析了变形温度和应变速率对流动特性的影响,建立了应变补偿型本构方程,并采用三种标准统计参数对应变补偿型本构方程的精确度进行了评估. 结果表明:流动应力对变形温度和应变速率的敏感程度很高,且随着变形温度的提高或应变速率的降低,流动应力呈下降趋势;应变速率对动态再结晶过程有着很复杂的影响;流动应力预测值与试验值具有较高的吻合度,表明建立的应变补偿型本构方程能够精确预测流动应力.     

正交曲面坐标系中非线性热本构方程

从各向同性材料的非线性热本构方程出发,研究了将张量形式的非线性热应力本构方程转换到正交曲线坐标系下的非线性热应力本构方程,分别推导出曲线坐标系下的非线性本构方程和非线性热本构方程。由此可以进一步得到球壳、圆柱壳等形状的非线性热应力应变关系,并推导出正交曲线坐标系下非线性内力和非线性内力矩。张量函数在任意坐标系下都成立,具有普适性,但是在实际应用中需要转换到特定的坐标系下进行分析,所以推导出正交曲线坐标系中非线性热应力本构方程具有重要的意义。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.