不同Al质量分数的铸造304不锈钢组织和性能

通过中频无芯感应炉,在无保护气氛的大气中熔炼铸造制备Al质量分数为0%、1.5%、2%、3%的304不锈钢,并对其进行1 050℃,保温45min的固溶处理,利用X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜、电子探针(EPMA)、扫描电镜(SEM)、拉伸试验和腐蚀试验,研究不同Al质量分数304不锈钢的组织和性能.结果表明:304不锈钢中加入Al元素后合金的组织由奥氏体+少量的骨骼状的δ铁素体逐渐转变为奥氏体+铁素体双相组织,当含Al质量分数为3.0%时,304不锈钢的基体组织转变为铁素体和在铁素体晶界上分布着的少量奥氏体.固溶态高铝304不锈钢的性能优于铸态性能,含Al质量分数1.5%的固溶态304不锈钢具有最优的力学性能和耐腐蚀性能,与未加铝的304相比,各种性能均得到较大提高.     

微量元素对304L不锈钢Hall-Petch关系式的影响

以304L奥氏体不锈钢为基础,熔炼了4种添加不同微量元素的实验钢·实验钢热轧板冷轧后进行不同温度的再结晶退火处理以使晶粒尺寸在一定范围内变化,然后进行不同温度的均一化热处理以消除前面热处理带来晶界偏聚量的差异,最后进行力学性能测试、显微组织观察和晶粒尺寸统计,将所得数据处理成Hall-Petch关系式·通过对不同成分和不同热处理制度的对比,研究了微量元素Nb,B,C,N对304L不锈钢Hall-Petch的影响规律·结果表明:微量C,N和B对奥氏体不锈钢的Hall-Petch关系式中的σ0影响不大,N和B可以提高细晶强化系数ky·微量Nb可以与部分C,N结合形成Nb(C,N),在700℃均一化...     

304L钢热变形过程的力学行为及再结晶组织演变的研究

将304L钢在Gleebl-1500热模拟机上进行压缩试验,热变形温度分别为950℃,1000,1 050,1 100,1 150℃;变形速率为0.005,0.05s-1。通过扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察试样微观组织和位错组态。研究表明,304L不锈钢高温应力-应变曲线表现为典型的动态再结晶特征;随着变形温度的升高及应变速率的减小,动态再结晶百分数增大。动态再结晶优先在原始奥氏体晶界上形成。304L不锈钢变形后的位错形态和位错密度与变形温度、应变速率以及应变量有关,是加工硬化和再结晶综合作用的结果。     

微量元素对304L不锈钢Hall-Petch关系式的影响

以304L奥氏体不锈钢为基础,熔炼了4种添加不同微量元素的实验钢.实验钢热轧板冷轧后进行不同温度的再结晶退火处理以使晶粒尺寸在一定范围内变化,然后进行不同温度的均一化热处理以消除前面热处理带来晶界偏聚量的差异,最后进行力学性能测试、显微组织观察和晶粒尺寸统计,将所得数据处理成Hall-Petch关系式.通过对不同成分和不同热处理制度的对比,研究了微量元素Nb,B,C,N对304L不锈钢Hall-Petch的影响规律.结果表明:微量C,N和B对奥氏体不锈钢的Hall-Petch关系式中的σ0影响不大,N和B可以提高细晶强化系数ky.微量Nb可以与部分C,N结合形成Nb(C,N),在700℃均一化热处理时,对σ0影响不大,但能够提高细晶强化系数ky值;在500℃均一化热处理时,使σ0降低,而ky值提高更加显著.     

晶界工程处理对304不锈钢耐蚀性能和力学性能的影响

通过扫描电子显微镜、电化学工作站、晶间腐蚀试验及万能材料拉伸试验机研究了晶界工程处理对304不锈钢耐腐蚀性能和力学性能的影响。结果显示,经8%冷轧变形及1 100 ℃退火6 min处理后的304不锈钢,与1 050 ℃固溶处理30 min的304不锈钢相比,低重合位置点阵(coincidence site lattice, ΣCSL) 晶界比例从45.1%增加到77.8%,Σ3晶界比例从42.0%增加到65.5%。并且在迁移的随机晶界上引入了具有低晶界能的特殊晶界片段退火孪晶,降低了大角度晶界网络的连通性,优化了晶界分布,提升了304不锈钢抗晶间腐蚀性能。晶界工程处理对304不锈钢的力学性能影响较小,晶界工程处理后,其抗拉强度和屈服强度小幅度降低,分别降低了20 MPa和13 MPa,伸长率提高了8%。     

304奥氏体不锈钢的热处理工艺研究

本文研究了不同热处理工艺对304奥氏体不锈钢组织和性能的影响。304奥氏体不锈钢试块进行1050℃保温30min固溶处理,分别在水中和在空气中的冷却,结果发现得出组织均为单相奥氏体,水中冷却不锈钢硬度更高,说明水冷后获得更大的内应力。原材料进行650℃保温60min敏化处理和800℃保温60min敏化处理对比得出在800℃保温60min时更容易发生晶间腐蚀。因此,304不锈钢热处理时应避免在敏化温度区间内较高温度停留较长的时间。     

原位VC颗粒弥散强化304不锈钢的组织与性能

为了改善奥氏体不锈钢的力学性能,采用原位铸造法制备出VC颗粒弥散强化304不锈钢基材料,并研究了VC颗粒的加入对304不锈钢的显微组织和性能的影响.研究结果表明,原位VC颗粒在铸态组织中呈现2种形貌:沿晶界呈长条状分布的颗粒和在晶内均匀分布的亚微米尺寸的等轴状颗粒.TEM结果表明,在热处理过程中有纳米尺寸的VC颗粒析出.原位合成VC颗粒的加入,使304不锈钢的室温及高温强度均得到显著提高,但在一定程度上降低了其塑性和冲击韧性.与母合金304不锈钢相比,采用原位合成工艺引入VC颗粒后,在温度为650℃、应力为100 MPa的条件下,强化钢的抗蠕变性能得到大幅度改善.     

钨合金/不锈钢的低温扩散连接及界面组织性能

通过低温扩散连接方法实现钨合金(90W-7Ni-3Cu)与304不锈钢的高性能连接。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)、电子探针(EPMA)分析连接界面的微观组织及元素扩散与分布行为,采用拉伸试验测试连接界面的力学性能。研究结果表明：在800～950℃、压力20 MPa、保温120 min的条件下,可以实现90W-7Ni-3Cu合金与不锈钢的有效连接;当连接温度为900℃时,连接界面抗拉强度达到最大值168 MPa;连接界面结合紧密,无裂纹等缺陷。钨合金与不锈钢界面原子形成了充分的互扩散,不锈钢中的W、Fe、Cr、Ni和Si元素借助空位以及点缺陷扩散到了钨合金一侧的钨中,形成了富含W、Fe、Cr、Ni和Si元素的扩散层。900℃连接样件的断裂发生在钨合金一侧,可以观察到钨合金基体的六角形晶界并且其表面覆盖有粗糙的黏着物,黏着物为原子扩散所形成的扩散层。不锈钢中的Cr、Fe元素以固溶的方式扩散到了钨合金的(Ni,Cu)相中,提高连接界面强度。     

温度和Cl~-质量分数对304不锈钢耐点蚀性能的影响

采用线性极化技术和动电位循环伏安法2种电化学测试技术,研究温度和氯离子的质量分数对304不锈钢耐点蚀性能的影响,从而得到二者对点蚀的影响规律.结果表明:随着温度的升高和氯离子质量分数的增大,304不锈钢点蚀坑的孔径和数量均变大,电流密度也变大,击穿电位Eb负移,钝化区变窄,因此二者的升高使钝化膜的修复能力变差,点蚀敏感性增加.同时得到Eb与温度、Cl-质量分数都呈线性关系:温度每升高10℃,Eb向负方向移动约30 mV.Cl-质量分数每增加0.5%,Eb向负方向约移动10 mV.Eb-Ep随着温度或Cl-质量分数的升高而变大,但其与温度或Cl-质量分数并不成线性关系.     

不同热处理温度下金属材料的声衰减系数特性

以牌号分别为1Cr17Ni2和2Cr13的两种不同材质的不锈钢(其中同种材料进行了不同温度的热处理)为例,利用一次和二次底面回波,对声衰减系数分别进行测量计算,并结合材料内部微观组织结构进行分析。结果表明,常温样品与经过热处理样品衰减系数之间存在较明显差异,而且在不同热处理温度点上材料的声衰减系数不一样。随着热处理温度不同,微观结构的第二相颗粒的变化与声衰减系数变化相吻合。因此,可以利用热处理手段来对材料"贴上标签",加以辨识,也可以对金属材料的其他性能作出评价。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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