电刺激大鼠mPFC对听皮层神经元听反应的影响

实验在40只成年SD大鼠上进行,使用常规电生理学方法,观察了电刺激大鼠内侧额叶前皮质(medial prefrontal cortex, mPFC)对听皮层神经元听反应的影响.在122个神经元上观察了电刺激mPFC对听反应的影响.对其中93个神经元作了详细分析发现,有73个神经元的听反应受到易化（39个,41.9%）或抑制（34个,36.6%）.刺激mPFC对听反应的影响存在最佳刺激间隔,大多数神经元（51个,69%）在10~15 ms之间.结果提示,大鼠mPFC可对听皮层神经元的听反应调制,这种调制可能是通过多级神经元环路实现的.     

Binaurality and azimuth tuning of neurons in the auditory cortex of the big brown bat

By using a combined closed and free-field stimulation system, binaurality and azimuth tuning of the neurons in the auditory cortex of the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus, were studied. A variety of azimuth-tuning functions were demonstrated for the binaural neurons. The large majority of EE (contralateral and ipsilateral excitatory) neurons exhibited azimuth selectivity with the best azimuths (BA) at contralateral 30(- 40(, some at ipsilateral 20(-40( and preferred azimuth ranges (PAR, response amplitude ≥75% of maximum) between 8( and 40(. Sound source azimuths strongly modulate spike counts with a mean modulation depth of 83.8% for EE neurons. EI (contralateral excitatory and ipsilateral inhibitory) neurons have simple azimuth tuning with BA located at contralateral 20(-40( and a broad PAR ranged from 30( to 55(. The present results suggest that azimuth-tuning characteristics of binaural neurons in the auditory cortex of the bat are of significance for acoustic behaviour.     

蛋白激酶C阳性细胞在大鼠大脑皮质和海马结构的分布

目的：观察蛋白激酶C(PKC)阳性细胞在大鼠大脑皮质和海马结构的形态和分布，为更好地研究PKC在中枢神经系统的生理作用提供形态学的基础。方法：用免疫组织化学方法检测了大脑皮质和海马结构PKC阳性细胞的分布。结果：PKC阳性细胞脑体较小，多呈卵圆形，少数呈三角形，多数突起较短。PKC阳性细胞主要分布在大脑的额叶、顶叶、颞叶和枕叶的Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ层，在杏仁海马移行区和杏仁梨状皮质移行区也有分布。海马结构中主要分布在下托和齿状回的颗粒层、海马CAI区的锥体层和辐射层。结论：在大脑皮质和海马结构有PKC阳性细胞的广泛分布。     

电刺激岛叶对大鼠血压及缰核内神经元放电活动的影响

研究证明了缰核（Hb)是刺激岛叶（INS）所引起的升压效应下行通路的主要中继站之一。电刺激INS引起升压反应，在刺激电极的同侧Hb内微量注射盐酸利多卡因，电刺激INS所引起的升压反应降低了36.9%。双侧Hb内微量注射盐酸利多卡因，电刺激INS所引起的升压反应降低了41．7％。单侧或双侧Hb内微量注射生理盐水或人工脑脊液均不能降低电刺激INS所引起的升压反应。在刺激INS前后用微电极记录Hb内心血管调节相关神经元放电活动的变化。电刺激INS后，Hb内心血管调节相关神经元的放电频率明显增加者占58％（21／36），频率明显减少者占14％（5／36），频率无明显变化者占28％（10／36）。结论表明：缰核是参与电刺激岛叶引起升压效应的主要下行通路之一。     

刺激大鼠杏仁外侧核对听皮层神经元调频声反应的影响

采用在体细胞外单细胞记录方法,研究电刺激杏仁外侧核对调频声所诱发的听皮层神经元反应的影响.实验在34只乌拉坦麻醉的SD大鼠上进行,在皮层41区记录了113个对调频声有反应的细胞电活动.观察发现,这些神经元对调频声刺激的反应可分为ON反应,OFF反应,ON-OFF反应,持续性反应和给声抑制反应几种类型.在观察对其中42个神经元的声反应时给予了杏仁外侧核电刺激,其中22%的神经元反应被易化,48%的神经元反应受到了抑制,另外30%神经元的声反应未受杏仁外侧核刺激的影响.这些影响进一步表明,杏仁复合体可在皮层水平参与听觉上传信息的处理,包括听觉信息的加工与整合.同时也表明杏仁核在上传听觉信息的筛选中可能具有重要的作用.     

Reciprocal changes in corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-like immunoreactivity and CRF receptors in cerebral cortex of Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive degenerative disease of the nervous system characterized neuropathologically by the presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in amygdala, hippocampus and neocortex. Dysfunction and death of basal forebrain cholinergic neurones projecting to forebrain targets are associated with marked decreases in cholinergic markers, including the activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Although cortical levels of somatostatin and somatostatin receptors are reduced in Alzheimer's, no consistent changes have been reported in other neuropeptide systems. We have now examined in control and Alzheimer's brain tissues pre- and postsynaptic markers of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), a hypothalamic peptide regulating pituitary-adrenocortical secretion which also seems to act as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). We have found that in Alzheimer's, the concentrations of CRF-like immunoreactivity (CRF-IR) are reduced and that there are reciprocal increases in CRF receptor binding in affected cortical areas. These changes are significantly correlated with decrements in ChAT activity. Our results strongly support a neurotransmitter role for CRF in brain and demonstrate, for the first time, a modulation of CNS CRF receptors associated with altered CRF content. These observations further suggest a possible role for CRF in the pathophysiology of the dementia. Future therapies directed at increasing CRF levels in brain may prove useful for treatment.     

Morphological variability and genetic diversity in five species of Skeletonema （Bacillariophyta）

Twelve strains of Skeletonema from Chinese coastal waters and another strain from the West Sea of Korea were examined using light microscopy （LM）, scanning and transmission electron microscopy （SEM, TEM）, and small subunit （SSU） rDNA sequence analysis. We identified four species of Skeletonema： S. marinoi Sarno et Zingone, S. subsalsum （A.Cleve） Bethge, S. dohrnii Sarno et Kooistra, S. trop- icum Cleve, as well as a Skeletonerna-like species. These are the first records of S. rnarinoi, S. dohrnii and S. subsalsurn in China. The Skeletonema-like species, MMDLS067, was isolated from the estuary of the Changjiang River. The morphologic and phylogenetic characteristics of this species are not correspond to those of any previously published Skeletonerna species. The intercalary fultoportula pro- cesses （IFPPs） has long open tubes, and the intercalary rimoportula process （IRP） is short and located inside the rim of the IFPPs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that MMDL5630 clustered with S. tropicurn in the NJ and MP trees, but its IRPs differed from those of previously described specimens of S. tropicum. The IRP is partially open, with an elongated opening at the base of the tube, and is longer than the IFPPs. Some specimens of S. marinoi and S. dohrnii also have longer tubular IRPs than the IFPPs. Compared to pre- viously described specimens of S. rnar＆oi and S. dohrnii, these two specimens we identified have shorter IRPs. Our results reflect the ambiguity and diversity of Skeletonema taxonomy. They are also significant for the future identification and management of red tides caused by Skeletonerna in the seas around China.     

Bis(7)-Tacrine, a promising anti-Alzheimer's agent, attenuates glutamate-induced cell injury in primary cultured cerebrocortical neurons of rats

The effects of bis(7)-tacrine, a novel dimeric acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, on glutamate-induced cell injury were investigated in primary cerebral cortical neurons of rats. Exposure of cultured neurons (12 days after plating) to 0.5 mmol/L glutamate for 30 min resulted in significant cell damage. Pretreatment with bis(7)-tacrine (0.03–1.0 μmol/L) reduced the glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in a concentration dependent manner and the maximal response was seen at 1 μmol/L with approximately, 30% protection. A receptor binding assay showed that bis(7)-tacrine can completely displace MK-801 binding to rat cortical membrane with an IC₅₀ of 0.57 μmol/L. These findings suggest that bis(7)-tacrine can directly interact with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channel complex, which may contribute to the inhibitor's protective effects against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Thus, it is possible that anti-glutamate/anti-AChE synergism is responsible for potentially better Alzheimer's therapy of bis(7)-tacrine relative to tacrine. Biography: Zhang Bai-fang (1974-), female, Ph. D. candidate, research direction: Alzheimer's disease and ischemia     

长距离赛跑竞走按圈计时分组裁判法

为避免长距离径赛计时、记圈出现的差错,本文介绍了“按圈计时、名次分组裁判法”。经10多次省级以上大型田径比赛实践和经验证明:按圈计时不易出错;分组裁判法便于终点裁判长统观全局、随时掌握赛场进程,判断名次迅速、准确。     

中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)精子的形态和顶体反应的研究

研究了利用离子载体A23187诱导中华绒螯蟹（Eriocheir sinensis）精子产生顶体反应的最佳条件．结果表明：从雌性中华绒螫蟹纳精囊中获得的精子，在pH值为6．0，CaCl2浓度为0．2％的人工海水中，用离子载体A23187（40μg／mL）诱导70min，可以得到最大的精子顶体反应率（72％）．在此基础上用光镜观察了顶体反应过程中精子显微结构的变化，并采用天然海水配制的台盼蓝染色液和曙红B染色液对中华绒螯蟹精子的形态进行观察，确定中华绒螫蟹精子的顶体反应过程大致可分为4个阶段：第一阶段为辐射臂收缩，头帽鼓起；第二阶段为顶体囊外翻；第三阶段为顶体管前伸；第四阶段为顶体丝形成．     

水稻花培育种技术操作和无性系变异体选择

概述了水稻花培育种的技术操作程序和细胞无性系变异的选择方法。选择合适的水稻花培起始材料,选用适宜的培养基配方,对于水稻花培中愈伤组织诱导和分化至关重要。某些增效因子（例如水解乳蛋白、单核苷酸、ＡｇＮＯ３等）可提高灿稻花培的绿苗分化率。无性系变异为农作物细胞工程育种提供丰富的选择材料。通过对细胞变异的研究,建立了裸米选择－测米培胚的技术方法,并选育出多个高蛋白量的水稻优质品种（品系）。     

β-环糊精与磺基苯偶氮水杨醛包结物的合成与表征

目的 研究户p-(3-甲酰基-4-羟基苯基偶氮)苯磺酸钠与β-环糊精(β-CD)主一客体化学。方法 采用HNMR、电子光谱、圆二色谱、XRD、热分析等现代分析手段分别研究在水溶液和固相中的主一客体化学行为。结果 在水溶液和固相中，客体分子p-(3-甲酰基-4-羟基苯基偶氮)苯磺酸钠都能与主体分子β-CD形成稳定包结络合物。包合物中主客体比为1：1，客体分子以其长轴方向与β-CD的Z轴平行方式包结与于β-CD的空腔中。固体包结络合物中含有11个水分子。结论 无论在水溶液还是固相中，p-(3-甲酰基-4-羟基苯基偶氮)苯磺酸钠与β-CD都能形成稳定的1：1包结络合物。     

航天诱变凤仙花嵌合突变体（SP2）的形态及减数分裂的观察

在航天诱变凤仙花的SP2代中，得到一株枝叶嵌合突变体．该嵌合突变体的两类枝条在许多性状存在明显差异．突变枝条的减数分裂严重异常，而正常枝条的减数分裂受突变枝生长情况的影响而表现不同程度的异常．本文对嵌合突变体正常枝的性状恢复的可能原因进行了分析，认为原突变株多个性状的改变可能是控制枝叶，花器发生以及减数分裂代谢途径的上游基因发生了突变而表现的基因多效性，而嵌合体上正常枝条性状的恢复可能是由基因的回复突变造成的．     

Luminescent and photovoltaic properties of poly（9,9-dioctylfluorene- co-bithiophene） in organic electronic devices

We studied the luminescent and photovoltaic properties of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-bithiophene)(F8T2) based on ITO/PEDOT:PSS/F8T2/Bphen/LiF(0 or 1 nm)/Al and ITO/PEDOT:PSS/F8T2:PCBM/Bphen/Al.A stable and bright yellow emission was obtained from polymer F8T2,and the electroluminescence power reached 45 ?W at a 15 V driving voltage.Polymer F8T2 shows a broad absorption band from 400 to 500 nm,and has a shorter absorption edge at about 560 nm compared to that of the typical electron donor P3HT(650 nm).The photoluminescence quenching of F8T2 occurs with only a small fraction of blended PCBM due to the effective exciton dissociation at the interface between F8T2 and PCBM.Polymer solar cells(PSCs) using F8T2:PCBM as the active layer show a low power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 0.10% with an open circuit voltage(Voc) of 0.91 V and short circuit current density(Jsc) of 0.23 mA/cm2.The PSCs using F8T2:P3HT:PCBM as the active layer have a Voc of 0.85 V and Jsc of 3.02 mA/cm2,improving the PCE by about 0.90%.We attribute the improved cell performance to the higher number of photons harvested by P3HT molecules.     

物候变化对落叶松人工林降雨分配过程中钾和钠离子迁移的影响

目的 森林冠层导致的穿透雨和树干茎流中离子通量的季节变化,能够影响森林生态系统生物地球化学循环,对物候变化明显的温带落叶林的影响更为突出。探究不同物候期(展叶期、盛叶期和落叶期)森林水化学过程,深入了解森林生态系统养分元素循环过程,为温带落叶林生物地球化学循环提供基础数据。方法 以东北林业大学城市林业示范基地内落叶松人工林为研究对象,在观测样地的中心位置十字交叉布设13个直径20 cm自制雨量筒,并选择5株落叶松安装树干茎流收集器,同时在林外布置1台翻斗式雨量计和3个自制雨量筒。在前期观察期(2015年5月1日—10月31日)每次降雨事件后,对林外降雨、穿透雨和树干茎流进行观测、取样,水样过滤酸化处理后用火焰原子吸收分光光度计测定Na⁺和K⁺质量浓度,探索冠层的物候变化对降雨分配过程中Na⁺和K⁺的质量浓度和净输入量的影响。结果 整个观测期间,林外降雨中Na⁺、K⁺的质量浓度分别为0.45 和1.89 mg/L,穿透雨中分别为0.44 和2.48 mg/L,树干茎流中分别为1.98和18.63 mg/L;大气降雨中Na⁺质量浓度在落叶期最高,盛叶期最低,K⁺质量浓度则在落叶期最高,展叶期最低;各时期穿透雨中Na⁺和K⁺质量浓度大小均为落叶期>盛叶期>展叶期;树干茎流中Na⁺和K⁺质量浓度大小均为展叶期>盛叶期>落叶期;生长季内林冠对降雨中Na⁺的截留量为0.252 kg/hm²,其中展叶期和落叶期的截留量分别为0.143和0.193 kg/hm²,截留率分别为30.63%和48.22%,盛叶期则表现为淋溶,淋溶量为0.083 kg/hm²;生长季内降雨对林冠中K⁺的淋溶量为0.903 kg/hm²,其中展叶期和盛叶期的淋溶量分别为0.999和0.157 kg/hm²,落叶期则为截留,截留量为0.254 kg/hm²,截留率为20.25%。结论 大气降雨经过森林冠层后离子质量浓度发生明显改变,且不同物候期、不同离子的变化强度不同。生长季内,兴安落叶松林对Na⁺总体表现为截留作用,对K⁺总体表现为淋溶作用。即落叶松叶片的物候变化能够影响大气降雨中Na⁺和K⁺的迁移。研究结果可为进一步探明我国温带森林生态系统伴随水文过程的养分循环过程及促进可持续经营管理提供借鉴。     

野青茅属两个种(Deyeuxia angustifolia及D.langsdorffii)的形态变异及同工酶研究

本文通过对野青茅属两个种大叶章(Deyeuxia langsdorffii(Link)kunth)及小叶章(D.angustifolia(Kom)Y.L.Chang)的形态比较及同工酶分析表明,小叶章种内变异幅度较大,同大叶章在形态上难以区别;两个种的细胞色素氧化酶及过氧化物酶的酶谱谱型基本一致,无明显差异。因而,可将两个种合并成一个种。     

恭城沙田柚果实品质与土壤环境化学的研究

在恭城县城选择三不同情况的沙田柚环境（挂果好，当年产３００多个，挂果一般，当年产５０个，从不挂果，树龄已有８年，结果无望）采样，分析土壤，果实，树枝叶的常量元素和微量元素，结果表明，恭城沙田柚全糖含量平均值达１０％以上，可溶性固形物含量达１７％，柠檬酸０．３１％，糖酸比和固酸比多在３０以上。品质优的沙田柚生长的土壤Ｋ２Ｏ，Ｐ２Ｏ５含量分别为１．８００３％～２．２１２５％和０．１５２４％～０．１８１     

水相中2—氨基—7，7—二甲基—4—对氟苯基—5—氧代—5，6，7，8—四氢—4H—苯并吡喃—2—甲酸乙酯的合成和晶体结构

标题化合物C20H22FNO4由4 氟苯亚甲基氰乙酸乙酯和5,5 二甲基 1,3 环己二酮在三乙基苄基氯化铵(TE BA)存在下在水中加热反应而得,结构通过单晶X射线衍射法确定,其晶体属三斜晶系,空间群P-1,Mr=359 39,a=0.8266(1)nm,b=0.9773(1)nm,c=1.2375(2)nm,α=81 40(1)°,β=73 41(1)°,γ=82 15(1)°,V=0.9426(2)nm3,Z=2,Dc=1.266g·mm-3,μ=0 094mm-1,F(000)=380,最终的偏离因子为R=0 0403,Rw=0 1057,在分子结构中平面1(苯环)与平面2(C(8)、C(13)、C(14)、C(15))之间的二面角为89 56°,平面2与平面3(C(8)、C(9)、C(10)、C(12)、C(13))之间的二面角为13 37°,平面1与平面3之间的二面角为102 70°.吡喃环为船式构象,而与吡喃环稠合的六元环为信封式构象.