氧化石墨烯修饰玻碳电极循环伏安法检测污水中Hg2+

将氧化石墨烯修饰到玻碳电极上,并用扫描电镜对其在电极表面的结构形貌进行了表征。考察了该修饰电极对12种金属离子的选择性,对Hg²⁺的选择性最好,通过循环伏安法对该修饰电极与裸电极进行比较,修饰电极具有明显的化学响应。研究结果表明,对Hg²⁺测定的最佳实验条件为:0.10 mol/L 醋酸钠-醋酸缓冲液(pH 3.64) 2.5 mL,1.0 mol/L KNO₃ 6.5 mL。在1.0~10.0 μmol/L范围内,测定Hg²⁺的线性回归方程为:ΔI=2.7241C_Hg+9.0936(C_Hg的单位μmol/L),线性相关系数为0.9977,检测限(DL)为0.90 μmol/L。11次的相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.8%。回收率在99.4%~101.6%之间。我们用电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪(ICP)同时对样品进行了测定,两种方法测定结果相比较吻合性很高。     

聚谷氨酸修饰碳糊电极的制备及其对铜离子的测定

 制备了聚谷氨酸修饰碳糊电极,通过循环伏安法和交流阻抗法研究了K₄Fe(CN)₆/K₃Fe(CN)₆在修饰电极上的电化学行为,结果显示碳糊电极修饰聚谷氨酸后,K₄Fe(CN)₆/K₃Fe(CN)₆的氧化还原峰电流变大、交流阻抗变小.采用阳极溶出伏安法将所修饰碳糊电极用于铜离子的检测,在pH=4.50的醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲液中,于-0.20 V 电位下将Cu²⁺还原富集后再进行阳极氧化扫描,在0.14 V处获得一灵敏的铜的溶出峰,峰电流与铜浓度在1.57×10^-8~1.57×10^-5 mol/L的范围内呈良好的线性关系,最低检测限为5.00×10^-9 mol/L.制备的聚谷氨酸修饰碳糊电极成功用于铜离子的测定.     

基于新型金属有机框架模拟酶的电化学检测食品胆固醇体系的构建

基于金属有机框架具有模拟酶的特性,构建实时检测胆固醇电化学传感器。采用自组装的方法制备出新型的复合金属有机框架模拟酶(Fe₃O₄@Au/MOF)纳米粒子,其兼具了Fe₃O₄磁性粒子的可回收特点以及金纳米粒子的加速电子转移等优点。并利用红外光谱、透射电子显微镜以及X射线光电子能谱对制备成功的Fe₃O₄@Au/MOF的结构和形貌进行表征。借助Fe₃O₄@Au/MOF的类过氧化物酶双重催化性能使胆固醇氧化为胆甾烯三酮和H₂O₂,而H₂O₂在其进一步的催化下产生的具有氧化活性的羟基自由基可促进3,3′,5,5′-四甲基联苯胺发生氧化还原反应,进而增加了体系中电荷的移动。根据电信号的响应情况, 从而实现对胆固醇的快速定性和高效定量的检测。研究结果表明,采用循环伏安法测得优化检测体系为:反应温度为 50℃,Fe₃O₄@Au/MOF 添加量为0.0125g,扫描速率为0.10V/s,缓冲溶液pH=4;当胆固醇浓度处于0.001~1.500mmol/L时呈现良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为y=20.6401x+4.7722,R²=0.9956,最低检测限为2.7μmol/L;且检测体系具有良好的回收率和抗干扰性,在食品分析和生化分析等方面具有良好的应用前景。     

CdS光化学修饰介孔TiO2及其增强的可见光催化活性

[目的]提高介孔TiO₂材料的光催化活性。[方法]采用蒸发诱导自组装法(EISA),以四氯化钛和钛酸丁酯为钛源,嵌段共聚物P123(EO₂₀PO₇₀EO₂₀)为模板剂,制备介孔TiO₂。用光化学修饰法将CdS掺进介孔TiO₂中,合成对可见光有较好响应的复合材料,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、原子吸收分光光度法(AAS)和光催化等手段对样品进行表征。[结果]XRD和TEM结果表明成功合成有序的六方介孔材料;AAS确定复合材料中Cd的含量为0.96mg/g;光催化于500 W氙灯下以2×10^-5mol/L次甲基蓝(MB)为模型污染物,结果显示CdS/TiO₂复合材料的可见光催化活性明显提高。[结论]光化学修饰法制备的介孔CdS/TiO₂复合材料可增强其可见光催化活性。     

无定形纳米级MnO2电极材料的制备及其准电容性能

 采用化学沉淀法制备了无定形纳米级粉末MnO₂电极材料,运用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、热重分析和充放电容量测量法及循环伏安等方法对MnO₂制备、准电容形成机理进行了理论探讨.使用0.1 mol/L Na₂SO₄为电解液、烧结温度为80℃时能得到比电容最大的MnO₂材料,其实际电容约为136 F/g.     

抗植物软腐病枯草芽孢杆菌的高密度发酵优化

为提高菌体产量,以益生菌枯草芽孢杆菌Asr作为发酵菌株,采用正交试验法和响应面法,对枯草芽孢杆菌Asr的发酵工艺进行了优化研究。结果表明,影响菌体产量最主要的3个因素为酵母浸粉、MgSO₄和CaCl₂;最佳发酵培养基配方为蔗糖20 g/L,蛋白胨10 g/L,酵母浸粉8.65 g/L,K₂HPO₄ 3.0 g/L,MgSO₄ 0.27 g/L,CaCl₂ 0.53 g/L;最佳培养条件为温度37 ℃、初始pH值7.0、接种量10%、搅拌转速250 r/min;应用优化配方及工艺,枯草芽孢杆菌Asr的最高产量达到7.30×10⁸ cfu/mL,菌体产量较优化前提高了3.95倍。研究结果可为后续菌体发酵罐的扩大培养提供技术支撑,对其他枯草芽孢杆菌发酵培养基的优化研究提供借鉴。     

基于4,4′-(2,5-二(甲硫基)-1,4-亚苯基)二吡啶的锌配合物:合成、晶体结构及荧光传感性能

采用水热法,用4,4′-(2,5-二(甲硫基)-1,4-亚苯基)二吡啶(L)和4,4′-二苯醚二甲酸(H₂OBA)与Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O,生成了一个三维配合物{}n(1)。X-单晶射线分析表明,配合物是为单斜晶系,C2/c空间群,分子量M_r=650.09,a=2.526 5(2) nm,b=1.462 3 (1) nm,c=1.715 9(1) nm,β=97.37(2)°,V=6.286 9(3) nm³,Z=4,D_c=1.458 g/cm³,F(000)=2 832,S=1.157,R₁=0.078 5,wR₂=0.194 6 (I>2σ(I))。配合物1中,Zn与配体L和质子化的4,4′-二苯醚二甲酸分别形成了一维链,而两条一维链相互来链接形成三维结构。另外对配合物热稳定性和荧光进行了测试。有趣的是,水中少量的Fe³⁺可以猝灭配合物1的荧光,证明配合物1对检测废水中的Fe³⁺具有潜在的应用价值。     

芫荽对生物大分子氧化损伤的保护作用及自由基清除能力

研究芫荽对生物大分子氧化损伤的保护作用及自由基清除能力,采用福林酚法检测芫荽的多酚含量,利用2,2′-偶氮二异丁基脒二盐酸盐(2,2′-azobis-2-methyl-propanimidamide,AAPH)作为体外氧化诱导剂,采用凝胶电泳检测芫荽对DNA和蛋白质的氧化损伤保护,用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)法检测芫荽自由基清除率,用氧化自由基吸收能力(oxygen radical absorbance capacity,ORAC)分析检测芫荽的抗氧化能力值。结果表明,芫荽里的多酚类物质质量分数为4.054μg/mg；芫荽对DNA氧化损伤的最低保护质量浓度为4.0μg/mL,对牛血清蛋白的损伤保护质量浓度为125.0μg/mL；芫荽提取物对DPPH·的IC₅₀值为0.17μg/μL,芫荽提取物的ORAC值为485.3。综上所述,芫荽提取物具有较好的抗氧化活性。     

一种含5-硝基间苯二甲酸和菲咯啉配体的超分子化合物：结构表征，光致发光和电化学性能

采用水热法合成了含混合配体的铜配合物[CuClPhen]⁺·[HL]^-·2H₂O（HL=5-硝基间苯二甲酸,Phen=1,10-菲咯啉）,其结构由单晶X射线晶体学确定。标题化合物在三斜空间群P-1的晶体化合物。标题化合物的晶体数据：C₃₂H₂₄ClN₅CuO₈,M_r = 704.54,a = 10.4044(5),b = 12.3912(9),c = 12.4632(9)Å,α = 73.859(6),β = 85.036(5),γ = 78.202(5)^°,V = 1510.09(17) ų,Z = 2, T = 293(2) K,D_c = 1.549 g/cm³,μ(MoKα) = 0.874 mm^-1,F(000) = 720.0,R = 0.0554,wR = 0.1434,GOF = 1.098。当用作超级电容器电极材料时,所制备的配合物具有高比电容、良好的循环稳定性和优良的倍率性能。在1mol/L KOH溶液中,最大比电容可达到69 F/g。在2 A/g电流密度下,10000次循环后比电容保持率为72%。标题化合物是一种潜在的红色光致发光材料。     

基于无花果蛋白酶快速检测维生素C含量的方法研究

无花果蛋白酶具有过氧化物模拟酶活性,能催化H₂O₂产生·OH,从而氧化底物ABTS发生显色反应,而具有强抗氧化性的维生素C可清除自由基,从而诱导绿色ABTS+·还原为无色的ABTS,基于此建立高选择、高灵敏、快速检测食品中维生素C含量的比色检测方法,优化方法并对维生素C的检测性能进行评估。研究结果表明,检测方法较优方案组合为:H₂O₂浓度0.5mol/L,无花果蛋白酶质量浓度0.5μg/mL,温度50℃,孵育时间30s。在优化条件下,维生素C浓度在0.001～0.080mmol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为y=7.381x+0.1091,相关系数R²值为0.9923,检出限为0.43μmol/L,说明该检测方法灵敏度高；同时此比色检测方法加标回收率在95%～105%,且其选择性高和稳定性好,在食品分析、生物化学和医药应用等方面具有很好的应用前景。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that