代谢组学方法在糖尿病肾病研究中的应用

糖尿病肾病作为糖尿病最严重的并发症之一.近年来其发病率持续上升,严重危害糖尿病人生命健康.目前用于诊断和治疗糖尿病肾病的常规方法效果并不理想,而代谢组学方法可一次性对待测样品中多种代谢产物进行定性、定量、高灵敏度分析.利用气相/液相色谱、质谱学方法、气质/液质联用,以及核磁共振等方法检测糖尿病肾病潜在生物标志物已成为目前该领域的研究热点,其结果对糖尿病肾病的早期诊断、致病机理研究、疾病有效治疗具有重要意义.本文从代谢组学常用分析工具、数据分析方法及其在糖尿病肾病研究中的应用三个方面进行综述,旨在阐述近几年代谢组学方法在糖尿病肾病研究中的应用进展.由于相关仪器设备本身分析能力的局限性及数据分析方法不全面,目前代谢组学方法距离临床应用仍有一定距离,但是随着分析技术的不断发展与完善,可以预见代谢组学策略终将可以被应用于糖尿病肾病以及其他疾病的早期诊断并指导相关疾病的治疗.     

代谢组学技术及其应用的研究进展

代谢组学是一种研究生物体内所有小分子代谢物的系统生物学方法,它利用气相色谱质谱联用（GC—MS）,液相色谱质谱联用（LC—MS）,核磁共振波谱（NMR）等先进的仪器分析技术来检测各种生物样品中代谢物组的信息并结合模式识别等分析计算方法对所得代谢组学数据进行处理,最后综合解析这些数据以用于评价药物疗效、检测药物毒性、诊断疾病、分析疾病状态。代谢组学自提出以来发展十分迅速,目前已在药学、毒理学、疾病研究和诊断等领域得到广泛应用。本文主要对代谢组学的概念,研究方法及其应用进行综述,最后就代谢组学的发展趋势作一讨论。     

代谢流分析技术及其在肿瘤代谢中的应用进展

代谢重编程是肿瘤的一大特征.研究肿瘤代谢有助于解析肿瘤的发生机制并实现个性化治疗.近年来兴起的代谢组学技术,通过全局分析内源性小分子代谢物,表征细胞、组织和体液的代谢轮廓,从而理解生理与病理变化;但稳定同位素标记的代谢流分析技术更能体现细胞代谢网络的动态变化,反映遗传或环境因素扰动下的代谢重编程规律.代谢流分析技术不仅...     

代谢组学在中草药研究中的应用

代谢组学分析侧重于生物样品中大量的小分子代谢物的检测。目前,越来越多的专家学者将其应用于中草药的分析研究中。代谢组学分析被用于识别中草药的来源和地理分布,或者用于研究其对动物和人的药理作用和临床安全性。目前,核磁共振法、质谱法和液质联用法是代谢组学分析应用最广泛的方法,并且仪器的发展在代谢组学研究中草药在体内外代谢的生物标志物方面是一大驱动力。     

代谢组学在监控运动员身体机能中的应用进展

代谢组学是一个全面的代谢物评估方法,包括测量生物样本的整体代谢标志物.用代谢组学方法研究运动训练的生物化学变化,可以及时、准确地了解训练对运动员身体机能的影响,系统全面地揭示不同项目运动中的物质代谢过程及特征,探寻运动训练引起运动员整体代谢的反应规律,充分发挥整合生物学的优势.结合代谢组学方法从代谢物层面反映运动训练后整体代谢特征模式,并根据代谢模式制定科学、合理、个性、安全的训练计划和膳食营养方案,对达到最大化运动训练效果、提高运动成绩、促进运动员健康具有重要意义.主要介绍了代谢组学在运动员身体机能监控中的应用现状,随着组学技术的不断发展,代谢组学将在运动医学以及运动人体科学研究的各个领域具有广泛的应用前景.     

代谢组学及其在药用植物研究中的应用

指出了代谢组学是继基因组学和蛋白组学之后新兴的一门研究生物体内源代谢物的种类、数量及其在内外因素作用下变化规律的组学技术,是以组群指标分析为基础,以高通量检测和数据处理为手段,以信息建模与系统整合为目标的系统生物学的一个分支.近年来,随着代谢组学积累的数据和信息量的增大,其在药用植物学各个领域的应用价值也与日俱增.主要对代谢组学的产生、研究方法和技术及其在药用植物研究中的应用进行了阐述,以期为相关研究提供参考.     

代谢指纹分析技术进展及应用

代谢组学主要考察生物体系受刺激或扰动后其内源性代谢产物的变化,从而研究生物体系的代谢途径。代谢指纹分析技术是代谢组学常用的研究手段之一。本文对代谢组学及代谢指纹分析技术的研究进展作相应的论述。     

基于~1H NMR代谢组学技术探究GRP78蛋白对巨噬细胞极化的干预效应

巨噬细胞是肿瘤组织中一类十分重要的免疫细胞,它的M2型极化与肿瘤的恶化密切相关。GRP78蛋白作为肿瘤晚期的生物标志物,可以通过影响肿瘤微环境来促进肿瘤恶化,但GRP78对肿瘤组织中巨噬细胞的分化是否具有干预作用依然未知。本研究利用体外纯化的GRP78蛋白来模拟肿瘤细胞分泌的GRP78,用其处理鼠源巨噬细胞RAW264.7,然后通过~1 H NMR技术的代谢组学方法发现经GRP78处理后细胞中有18种代谢产物,培养基中有14种代谢产物的含量发生了明显变化。通过进一步的代谢通路分析,发现在GRP78蛋白处理后,RAW264.7细胞的糖酵解代谢明显减弱,而脂肪酸和氨基酸代谢加强,这与M2型巨噬细胞的代谢类型一致,表明经GRP78处理后,RAW264.7巨噬细胞向M2型分化。这一发现表明肿瘤微环境中GRP78的存在是肿瘤相关巨噬细胞以M2型为主的重要原因,这也为靶向GRP78的肿瘤治疗提供了坚实的理论依据。     

基于代谢组学的药源性肝损伤生物标志物发现

药源性肝损伤(DILI)是临床常见的药物不良反应之一,也是导致新药研发终止、限用或撤市的一个主要原因.目前,DILI的早期诊断和发病机制阐明都存在很大困难,其中一个重要原因就是缺少灵敏、准确的生物标志物.代谢组学重点研究处于生物信息流末端的内源性小分子代谢物,为疾病相关生物标志物的发现提供新的思路.本研究探讨了近期基于代谢组学的DILI生物标志物的相关代谢物.     

基于代谢组学的头颈癌生物标志物研究进展

 头颈癌被列为世界上第六大癌症,头颈癌的主要诱因是人类乳头瘤病毒、酒精和烟草。由于缺乏早期检测和风险评估的生物标记物,超过50%的头颈癌患者往往在晚期阶段才能确诊,5年期幸存率低于50%。基于代谢组学技术的高通量分析方法具有发现肿瘤相关标志物的潜能,综述了代谢组学技术在头颈癌生物标志物发现中的应用进展和存在的问题,展望了进一步研究的主要方向。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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