共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Antisense transcription: A critical look in both directions 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
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S. Padilla U. C. Tran M. Jiménez-Hidalgo J. M. López-Martín A. Martín-Montalvo C. F. Clarke P. Navas C. Santos-Ocaña 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2009,66(1):173-186
Coenzyme Q is a lipid molecule required for respiration and antioxidant protection. Q biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires nine proteins (Coq1p–Coq9p). We demonstrate in this study that Q levels are modulated during growth by its conversion
from demethoxy-Q (DMQ), a late intermediate. Similar conversion was produced when cells were subjected to oxidative stress
conditions. Changes in Q6/DMQ6 ratio were accompanied by changes in COQ7 gene mRNA levels encoding the protein responsible for the DMQ hydroxylation, the penultimate step in Q biosynthesis pathway.
Yeast coq null mutant failed to accumulate any Q late biosynthetic intermediate. However, in coq7 mutants the addition of exogenous Q produces the DMQ synthesis. Similar effect was produced by over-expressing ABC1/COQ8. These results support the existence of a biosynthetic complex that allows the DMQ6 accumulation and suggest that Coq7p is a control point for the Q biosynthesis regulation in yeast.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Received 04 September 2008; received after revision 22 October 2008; accepted 23 October 2008 相似文献
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Myosin I is a non-filamentous, single-headed, actin-binding motor protein and is present in a wide range of species from yeast to man. The role of these class I myosins have been studied extensively in simple eukaryotes, showing their role in diverse processes such as actin cytoskeleton organization, cell motility, and endocytosis. Recently, studies in metazoans have begun to reveal more specialized functions of myosin I. It will be a major challenge in the future to examine the physiological functions of each class I myosin in different cell types of metazoans. 相似文献
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Bile acids and bile alcohols in the form of their conjugates are amphipathic end products of cholesterol metabolism with multiple physiological functions. The great variety of bile acids and bile alcohols that are present in vertebrates are tabulated. Bile salts have an enterohepatic circulation resulting from efficient vectorial transport of bile salts through the hepatocyte and the ileal enterocyte; such transport leads to the accumulation of a pool of bile salts that cycles between the liver and intestine. Bile salt anions promote lipid absorption, enhance tryptic cleavage of dietary proteins, and have antimicrobial effects. Bile salts are signaling molecules, activating nuclear receptors in the hepatocyte and ileal enterocyte, as well as an increasing number of G-protein coupled receptors. Bile acids are used therapeutically to correct deficiency states, to decrease the cholesterol saturation of bile, or to decrease the cytotoxicity of retained bile acids in cholestatic liver disease. 相似文献
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The multifunctional roles of the four-and-a-half-LIM only protein FHL2 总被引:15,自引:1,他引:14
Johannessen M Møller S Hansen T Moens U Van Ghelue M 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2006,63(3):268-284
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K. L. Sand E. Knudsen J. Rolin Y. Al-Falahi A. A. Maghazachi 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2009,66(8):1446-1456
Glatiramer acetate (GA or Copaxone) is a drug used to treat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice and multiple
sclerosis in human. Here, we describe a new mechanism of action for this drug. GA enhanced the cytolysis of human NK cells
against autologous and allogeneic immature and mature monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs). This drug reduced the percentages
of mature DCs expressing CD80, CD83, HLA-DR or HLA-I. In contrast, it did not modulate the percentages of NK cells expressing
NKG2D, NKp30, or NKp44. Nonetheless, anti-NKp30 or anti-CD86 inhibited GA-enhanced human NK cell lysis of immature DCs. Hence,
CD86, and NKp30 are important for NK cell lysis of immature DCs, whereas CD80, CD83, HLA-DR and HLA-I are important for the
lysis of mature DCs when GA is used as a stimulus. Further, GA inhibited the release of IFN-γ 24 h but increased the release
of TNF-α 48 h after incubation with NK cells.
Received 13 November 2008; received after revision 10 February 2009; accepted 18 February 2009 相似文献
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S. Wilde E. Schlatter H. Koepsell B. Edemir S. Reuter H. Pavenstädt U. Neugebauer R. Schröter S. Brast G. Ciarimboli 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2009,66(10):1729-1740
In this work, regulation of organic cation transporter type 2 from rat (rOCT2) stably transfected in HEK293 cells was investigated
by microfluorimetry with 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium as substrate. The transport mediated by rOCT2 was
specifically stimulated by PKA, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, p56lck tyrosine kinase, mitogen-extracellular-signal-regulated-kinase-1/2, calmodulin (CaM), and CaM-kinase-II. The regulatory pattern
of rOCT2 differs markedly quantitatively and qualitatively from that of other OCT isoforms. Only CaM-dependent upregulation
is conserved throughout the OCT family. For this reason, CaM regulation of rOCT2 was also investigated in isolated S3-segments
(known to express only rOCT2) of male and female rat proximal tubules. Inhibition of CaM by calmidazolium significantly decreased
rOCT2 activity (−49.0 ± 13.6%, n = 4) in male but not female (9.0 ± 13.0%, n = 4) rats. Real-time PCR and Western blot investigations
of CaM expression in rat kidneys showed that male animals have significantly higher CaM expression. This is the first study
describing post-translational gender-dependent rOCT2 regulation.
Received 26 February 2009; accepted 16 March 2009 相似文献
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The Agouti-Related Protein (AgRP) is a powerful orexigenic peptide that increases food intake when ubiquitously overexpressed or when administered centrally. AgRP-deficiency, on the other hand, leads to increased metabolic rate and a longer lifespan when mice consume a high fat diet. In humans, AgRP polymorphisms have been consistently associated with resistance to fatness in Blacks and Whites and resistance to the development of type-2 diabetes in African Blacks. Systemically administered AgRP accumulates in the liver, the adrenal gland and fat tissue while recent findings suggest that AgRP may also have inverse agonist effects, both centrally and peripherally. AgRP could thus modulate energy balance via different actions. Its absence or reduced functionality may offer a benefit both in terms of bringing about negative energy balance in obesigenic environments, as well as leading to an increased lifespan. 相似文献
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Roth L Koncina E Satkauskas S Crémel G Aunis D Bagnard D 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2009,66(4):649-666
The semaphorin family is a large group of proteins controlling cell migration and axonal growth cone guidance. These proteins
are bi-functional signals capable of growth promotion or growth inhibition. Initially described in the nervous system, the
majority of studies related to semaphorins and semaphorin signalling are nowadays performed in model systems outside the nervous
system. Here, we provide an exhaustive review of the many faces of semaphorins both during developmental, regulatory and pathological
processes. Indeed, because of their crucial fundamental roles, the semaphorins and their receptors represent important targets
for the development of drugs directed at a variety of diseases.
Received 22 August 2008; received after revision 22 September 2008; accepted 24 September 2008
L. Roth, E. Koncina, S. Satkauskas: These authors contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
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Vallur AC Yabuki M Larson ED Maizels N 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2007,64(5):555-565
Expressed immunoglobulin (Ig) genes undergo alterations in sequence and genomic structure in order to optimize antibody function. A single B cell-specific factor, activation-induced deaminase (AID), initiates these changes by deamination of cytosine to uracil. Uracil in DNA is encountered commonly, and conserved pathways are responsible for its faithful repair. However, at the Ig loci of B cells, AID-initiated damage is processed to produce three distinct outcomes: somatic hypermutation, class switch recombination and gene conversion. This review focuses on the role of AID in Ig gene diversification, emphasizing how AID functions within the mechanism of the Ig gene diversification pathway; and highlights open questions for future research, particularly the most provocative current question: what makes a gene a target for AID-initiated mutagenesis? 相似文献
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Gene expression in spermiogenesis 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Germ cells convey parental genes to the next generation, and only germ cells perform meiosis, which is a mechanism that preserves the parental genes. The fusion of the products of germ cell meiosis, the haploid sperm and egg, creates the next generation. Sperm are the haploid germ cells that contribute genes to the egg. In preparation for this, the haploid round spermatids produced by meiosis undergo drastic morphological changes to become sperm. During this process of spermiogenesis, the nuclear form of the haploid germ cell takes shape, the mitochondria are rearranged in a specific manner, the flagellum develops and the acrosome forms. Spermatogenesis is supported by precise and orderly regulation of gene expression during the changes in chromatin structure, when protamine replaces histone. In this report, we summarize the molecular mechanisms involved in spermiogenesis.Received 2 September 2004; received after revision 7 October 2004; accepted 7 October 2004 相似文献
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Kodiha M Bański P Ho-Wo-Cheong D Stochaj U 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2008,65(11):1756-1767
The physiological state of eukaryotic cells controls nuclear trafficking of numerous cargos. For example, stress results in the inhibition of classical protein import, which is characterized by the redistribution of several transport factors. As such, importin-alpha and cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein (CAS) accumulate in nuclei of heat-shocked cells; however, the mechanisms underlying this relocation are not fully understood. We now show that heat upregulates the initial docking of importin-alpha at the nuclear envelope and stimulates the translocation of CAS into the nuclear interior. Moreover, heat exposure compromises the exit of importin-alpha from nuclei and drastically increases its retention in the nucleoplasm, whereas CAS nuclear exit and retention are less affected. Taken together, our results support the idea that heat shock regulates importin-alpha and CAS nuclear accumulation at several levels. The combination of different stress-induced changes leads to the nuclear concentration of both transport factors in heat-stressed cells. 相似文献