CY-700型填料塔中乙醇胺水溶液捕集CO2性能研究

为了提高填料塔的传质性能,对比研究新型CO₂吸收剂,在CY-700型不锈钢规整填料中试吸收和解吸塔内,研究了不同操作条件下乙醇胺（MEA）水溶液吸收CO₂的总体积传质系数K_Ga_v和捕集率,并对连续捕集CO₂工艺的再生能耗进行了分析。结果表明,K_Ga_v随液体流量的增大而增大,随溶液CO₂负载和CO₂分压的增大而减小,但是气体流量的增加对K_Ga_v有不利影响;中试连续循环运行结果表明,液气比和塔顶溶剂回流量对体系操作循环负载和再生能耗均有较大影响,在目标CO₂吸收率≥90%、吸收剂流量为5 L/h、气体流量为0.48 m³/h的操作条件下,捕集CO₂再生能耗约为8.5 MJ/kg,循环负载约为0.67 mol/kg。研究结果验证了装置运行的稳定性和可重复性,CY-700填料塔的传质性能较好,为下一阶段探索新型贫水有机胺吸收剂捕集CO₂的性能提供重要的对比参考数据。     

固体酸催化混合胺的CO2解吸性能分析

碳捕获与封存技术（CCS）是针对能源危机的一种综合性解决方案,胺基溶液CO₂吸收与解吸是其关键技术步骤。试验以胺基溶液乙醇胺（MEA）为主体吸收剂,分别选取N-甲基二乙醇胺（MDEA）和4-（二乙胺）-2-丁醇（DEAB）为添加剂,然后分别选取γ-Al₂O₃和沸石分子筛（HZSM-5）为催化剂,探究不同配比条件对MEA的CO₂解吸性能的影响。试验结果表明,添加DEAB比添加MDEA所消耗的热负荷更少,最高可减少61.8%,最低可达0.15~0.20 MW·h·t^-1 CO₂。相对于γ-Al₂O₃,HZSM-5能更显著地提高反应速率,反应速率最高可达17.2×10^-3 mol·L^-1·h^-1。5 M（mol/L）MEA/1.25 M DEAB+HZSM-5的组合效果最佳,是胺基溶液CO₂解吸的优选方案。     

含金属元素的常温CO2固体吸附剂研究进展

当今世界环境保护已经成为大家关注的重点问题。随着大量化石燃料的燃烧,过量的CO₂被排放到大气中,在工业生产中如何降低CO₂的排放量成为了众多研究者所探索的对象。利用固体吸附剂对CO₂进行吸附,在众多的减排方式中被认为是一种无腐蚀、无污染、易于操作且吸附性能更高的方式。对含金属元素固体吸附剂的分类、改性方式、吸附原理、吸附效率等不同方面进行了综述,重点介绍了在常温下对CO₂有较高吸附性能的几种改性材料,同时对含金属元素固体吸附剂吸附CO₂的研究方向和前景作出展望。     

纤维素基多孔碳的制备及其CO2吸附性能研究

以甲基纤维素为原料,改变水热碳化温度得到不同水热产物,随后对其进行化学活化得到多孔碳样品。研究水热温度对多孔碳样品形貌和孔结构的影响,测试了样品在不同压力下的CO₂吸附性能。结果表明,水热温度对纤维素基多孔碳的孔结构影响较大。随着水热温度的升高,其比表面积、孔容、微孔比表面积、微孔孔容均呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,平均孔径则先减小后增大。CO₂吸附量也先增加后减小。样品ACe-270在纤维素基多孔碳中吸附性能最优,在温度为25 ℃、压力分别为0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4 MPa的条件下,其CO₂吸附量分别为0.65、1.92、3.76、5.23 mmol·g^-1。     

尿素辅助模板法合成介孔氮掺杂CeO2及其CO2捕获应用研究

以硝酸铈为前驱物,以尿素为助剂,采用一种简单的模板法合成了介孔氮掺杂CeO₂材料.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、吸附-脱附仪(BET)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等设备对合成材料进行表征.多种测试结果证明:试验得到的纳米材料具有均一的介孔结构和较高的比表面积(124.8 m²·g^-1)并掺杂了氮元素.同时,测定了介孔CeO₂材料对于CO₂的吸附性能,并研究了氮掺杂对CeO₂材料的CO₂吸附性能的影响.结果表明:相比未掺杂氮的介孔CeO₂,氮掺杂的介孔CeO₂具有更好的CO₂吸附性能和循环吸附脱附性能.     

TETA溶液脱除模拟烟气中CO2的试验研究

CO₂作为全球温室气体,正在危害人类赖以生存的环境,而工业上现正在大力发展有机胺溶液用于脱除烟气中的CO₂,并已得到了广泛的应用和极好的发展趋势.由于三乙烯四胺（TETA）溶液具有稳定性好、吸收效率高等优势,再对比传统胺试剂试验的浓度,试验选取0.2~0.8 mol/L体积浓度范围的TETA作为吸收剂吸收模拟烟气中的CO₂.当温度在25~40℃时,其温度对CO₂吸收速率的影响不明显;当溶剂体积浓度在0.2~0.8 mol/L和CO₂体积分数在10%~18%时,溶剂体积浓度和CO₂体积分数对CO₂吸收速率的影响明显.     

不同吸附剂在沼气脱碳提纯中的分离性能

采用椰壳活性炭、5A和13X分子筛作为吸附剂,动态配气CO2/CH4混合气体作为模拟沼气,研究不用吸附剂及不用原料气配比条件下的CO2/CH4混合气的吸附分离性能,对吸附饱和的13X分子筛分别进行真空(4.5 k Pa)脱附再生和热力(300℃)脱附再生。研究结果表明:在常温常压下,13X分子筛对混合气中CO2的穿透吸附容量为3.21 mmol/g,对CO2/CH4混合气体的分离系数可达10,明显高于5A分子筛和椰壳活性炭的分离系数;减小混合气中CO2的分压,其穿透时间也随着减小,且吸附容量的减小幅度大于分压的减小幅度;真空脱附再生后的13X分子筛吸附分离性能只能恢复到原来的40%左右,而热力脱附再生后分离性能效果较好。     

4A和13X分子筛去除水中重金属Cd2+及其吸附性能研究

以4A和13X分子筛为吸附材料,考察废水pH值和Cd²⁺初始浓度等对Cd²⁺去除率的影响,并研究了分子筛对Cd²⁺的吸附性能。结果表明,4A和13X分子筛投加量为0.16g/L、废水pH值为5、Cd²⁺浓度为20mg/L时,Cd²⁺去除率达到95%以上;分子筛对Cd²⁺的去除机理以离子交换吸附为主,交换出来的Na⁺与分子筛吸附的Cd²⁺摩尔浓度比为2;在吸附热力学和动力学方面,4A和13X分子筛均符合Langmuir吸附等温模型和Lagergren二级速率方程,计算的饱和吸附容量Q₀分别为150.15、163.67mg/g,二级反应速率常数K₂分别为2.45×10-3、3.96×10-4 g/(mg·s)。该吸附反应是一种单分子层反应速度较快的化学吸附过程。     

介孔CoFe/CeO2催化剂CO2与甘油干重整制合成气的实验研究

利用生物柴油副产物甘油和CO₂干重整制取高附加值合成气，关键是高性能催化剂的选择和研究。通过胶体溶液燃烧法制备了CoFe/CeO₂催化剂，在固定床反应器中，温度范围650～800 ℃条件下，研究了CO₂与甘油干重整过程中的催化活性和稳定性。结果表明，胶体溶液燃烧法制备的CoFe/CeO₂催化剂具有典型的介孔结构，比表面积为33.4～40.8 m²/g，表现出了活性组分Co-Fe与载体CeO₂较强的相互作用。 7CoFeCe显示出了较好的干重整催化性能，750 ℃下甘油转化率达84.8%，CO₂转化率达19.9%。随着温度的升高，CO₂转化率提高，在800 ℃下，CO₂转化率达到了30.3%，表明高温有利于逆水汽变换反应。稳定性实验表明，介孔CoFe/CeO₂催化剂具有较好的干重整稳定性。     

K2CO3活化合成的甘蔗渣衍生多孔碳用于CO2吸附

环境中化石燃料的大量使用导致CO₂浓度不断增加,这是全球变暖的主要原因。为了解决这一问题,开发一种高效廉价的吸附材料至关重要。以甘蔗渣为碳源,尿素为N源,通过碳化和K₂CO₃活化制备出N掺杂多孔碳。多孔碳的物理化学性质用N₂解吸等温线、傅里叶红外光谱、元素分析、扫描电子显微镜观察和X射线衍射等方法进行表征。结果表明：该材料具有高度发达的孔隙、较高的N含量和较高的石墨化程度。当尿素与甘蔗渣混合比是2、碳化温度是800℃、K₂CO₃浸渍比是3时,多孔碳的比表面积高达2 486.67 m²·g^-1,同时CO₂吸附量高达250.73 mg·g^-1。由此可见以廉价的甘蔗渣制备N掺杂的多孔碳用于吸附CO₂具有广阔的应用前景。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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