具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

新型海事卫星通信微带贴片天线单元

结合经验公式和仿真软件,设计了一种双层贴片,两层介质的微带贴片天线单元.该单元天线采用单馈点正方形切角的方式实现圆极化,在频率为1520～1680 MHz、驻波比<1.5时,相对阻抗带宽达到10%,满足了第四代海事卫星通信中BGAN业务的需要.此外,该天线单元舍弃了传统的探针耦合馈电方式,采用特性阻抗为100Ω的微带线馈电,便于实现天线阵微带馈电网路的设计,从而达到改善其方向性及轴比带宽的目的.     

一种均匀直线阵智能天线波束方向图仿真

分析了一种均匀直线阵智能天线模型,研究了其工作原理及波束形成技术,并用MATLAB软件对波束方向图进行仿真,结果表明,通过调整加权因子,可以使主波束指向水平面任何方向.     

WCDMA 系统中智能天线的应用

本文详细介绍了WCDMA系统中的智能天线技术,总结了在WCDMA系统中应用智能天线的几个主要形式、体系结构和信号模型,对智能天线的进一步发展完善以及未来的研究方向提出了新的思路.     

计算机代数学与天线设计

计算机代数是近30年发展起来的数学、计算机和人工智能的交叉学科，该学科的发展对科学计算产生了革命性变化。本文阐述了计算机代数学，并用Maple推导了天线的推迟势，场强等参数。     

印刷型多频缝隙天线的设计与实现

设计了一种可以同时工作在四个频带的印刷型缝隙天线,该天线是在三角形辐射单元的基础上加载水平缝隙得到的。馈电结构为共面波导形式。采用电磁仿真软件CST Microwave StudioR○软件分析了天线的表面电流,并得到了缝隙结构参数对天线通频带的影响。设计了一个可以工作于四个频段(1.8/2.4/3.5/5.2 GHz)的多频天线,制作了天线样机并在微波暗室内进行测试。仿真与实验结果表明,该型天线能够工作在4个频段,天线在工作频带内具有H面的全向辐射特性.该天线的尺寸仅为44 mm×48 mm,且为单面印刷形式,具有小型化、低层本和易于加工的特点,可以广泛应用于移动通信系统的无线终端。     

差分馈电介质谐振器天线技术研究进展

差分馈电的介质谐振器天线(dielectric resonator antenna,DRA)兼具DRA和差分馈电天线的优势,近年来得到了广泛的关注。文章介绍了差分馈电DRA的工作模式特征和馈电机制,归纳并分析了十几年来差分馈电DRA在可重构、双极化、带宽拓宽、新型加工工艺等方面的系列研究成果,这些成果显示了差分DRA不仅保留了DRA的尺寸小、辐射效率高、设计自由度高等优势,还能直接应用于差分微波系统,具有比对应的单端馈电DRA更为优异的杂散相应和交叉极化抑制度以及双极化端口隔离度等,现有研究还同时展示了其研究方向的多样性。最后总结了差分馈电DRA的优点和设计难点,并讨论了其发展方向。     

双极化圆柱介质谐振器天线设计与实验研究

全极化数字相控阵天线具有波束扫描灵活、抗干扰能力强的优点,已成为以飞行器为载体的雷达天线领域的发展趋势之一。考虑到安装平台的限制,天线单元是相控阵天线的关键部件,研制适合工程应用的双极化天线单元具有重要意义。提出以双极化介质谐振器天线为全极化数字相控阵天线单元的设计方案;该方案具有辐射效率高、结构简单、易于馈电、体积小、极化端口隔离特性好等性能。设计了一种带有金属反射板的双极化圆柱形介质谐振器天线单元,采用全波电磁仿真软件对天线单元进行设计和优化,开展了天线单元的加工和性能测试工作。在4.95~5.05 GHz的带宽内,驻波比均小于2;天线的极化端口隔离度约为-20 d B;测试的天线波束宽度约大于80°,增益约大于6 d B,交叉极化电平约为-20 d B。天线的性能达到预期的指标要求,适合于实际工程应用。     

一种直线阵可校正天线阵列的设计

智能天线的校正是智能天线技术的一个核心问题.设计、实现了一种由单极天线、平行耦合线定向耦合器和1:4的威尔金森功分/耦合器组成的直线阵可校正天线阵列可用于对智能天线系统的非时变的和时变的通道失配进行校正.     

应用于WLAN/WiMAX的小型化全向三频天线

提出了一种新型的三频天线,该天线可同时工作在WLAN(2.45 GHz,5.15-5.85 GHz) 和WiMAX(3.5 GHz)三个频段,在相应的工作频段内回波损耗小于-10dB。此天线实现了高度仅10mm,宽度仅13mm的小型化设计。天线在其H面实现了全向辐射,适合移动环境中使用.     

准一维量子线阵列天线研究

基于对影响传统天线增益因素以及准一维量子线结构中的电子输运特性的分析,提出了利用准一维量子线阵列构建新型纳米阵列天线的设想,并利用碳纳米管阵列构建了研究纳米阵列天线辐射原理的实验样机.实验结果表明,由准一维量子线构成阵列天线的电磁辐射效率和带宽均优于传统微带天线.