N-长链烷基丙烯酰胺的合成研究

以长链烷基伯胺和丙烯酸为原料,在温和反应条件下制备N-长链烷基丙烯酰胺,用红外、1HNMR对其结构进行表征.通过单因素实验研究了溶剂种类、反应温度、反应时间及物料配比对产率的影响,由正交试验得出合成N-十六烷基丙烯酰胺最优工艺条件.结果表明:以氯仿为溶剂,反应温度25℃,反应时间4 h,物料配比为1.1时,平均产率达到71.5%.     

柠檬酸酐的合成与表征

以柠檬酸和乙酸酐为原料,乙酸为溶剂合成柠檬酸酐.用正交实验考察反应时间、反应温度、溶剂用量和物料配比对柠檬酸酐产率的影响.得出的最优化条件为:反应时间18 h,反应温度37℃,摩尔比n(柠檬酸):n(乙酸酐):n(乙酸)为1:1.8:2,产率为84%.产品分子量为174,红外光谱证明产品为五元环状酸酐.     

一种糠醛型季铵盐的合成

采用糠醛、正丁胺及卤代烷为原料合成单长链糠醛型季铵盐N-甲基-N-丁基-N-十二烷基-2-呋喃-亚甲基碘化铵,考察了反应时间、物料配比和温度等因素对反应的影响.结果表明N-丁基-2-呋喃-亚胺、N-丁基-N-2-呋喃-亚甲基胺以及N-丁基-N-十二烷基-N-2-呋喃-亚甲基胺的最佳合成条件分别为:反应时间4h,n(糠醛)∶n(正丁胺)=1∶2,反应温度60℃;反应时间4h,n(亚胺)∶n(硼氢化钠)=1∶2.5,温度0～5℃;反应时间16h,n(N-丁基-N-2-呋喃-亚甲基胺)∶n(溴代十二烷)=1∶1.1,反应温度为80 ℃.质谱证实了产品结构,经两相滴定法测得活性物含量为95.1％;产品的cmc为0.000 2moL/L,γcmc为33.93 mN/m,表面活性较好.     

含硅季鏻型阻燃表面活性剂的合成研究

以十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷和四羟甲基硫酸鏻为原料合成了含硅季鏻型阻燃表面活性剂1-十二烷基-4-羟甲基-1-硅杂-4-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2,2,2]-辛烷季鏻硫酸盐.讨论了温度、反应时间、溶剂等对产率的影响.其最佳工艺条件为:十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷与四羟甲基硫酸鏻的摩尔比为2∶1,以二乙二醇二甲醚作为溶剂,反应温度为150℃,反应时间为12h.并采用FTIR、1 H-NMR、极限氧指数等表征了产品的结构及其阻燃抗静电性能.     

N-氯化三甲氨基乙酰氯的合成研究

研究了以盐酸甜菜碱为原料,以亚硫酰氯为氯化剂合成N-氯化三甲氨基乙酰氯的方法.考察了反应中的物料配比、反应温度、反应时间以及产物处理等因素对产率的影响.结果表明,最佳反应条件为:盐酸甜菜碱与亚硫酰氯的量比为n(C5H12ClNO2):n(SOCl2)=1:1.3～1:1.4,反应温度为68～70℃,反应时间为1.5～2 h.在此条件下反应的产率和产品的纯度均可达到99%以上.     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的制备

本文主要介绍以邻苯二甲酸酐与正丁醇为原料合成邻苯二甲酸二丁酯。实验通过调节催化剂用量、带水剂用量、反应温度、反应时间及物料配比来提高产率。通过以上实验总结出了合成邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的最佳反应条件。     

小分子烷基硼酸的合成与应用

以小分子烷基溴为原料, 在氮气保护下, 通过格氏反应合成了小分子烷基硼酸.考察了温度、反应时间和物料配比等因素对收率的影响.优化合成条件为: n(烷基溴) : n(硼酸三甲酯) =1∶1.5, 反应温度为- 20~-30℃, 反应时间 140 min,总收率 39.5~75.6%.1H 和 11B NMR分析表明所得产物与目标产物结构一致.     

新型三联季铵盐表面活性剂的合成与性能研究

本文合成了一种三聚阳离子表面活性剂—三(2-氯化十二烷基二甲铵基乙基)胺(TCDAEA)。以三乙醇胺、氯化亚砜为原料,经分子内亲核取代合成了中间体三(2-氯乙基)胺并通过乙酰化法测定其转化率;然后以三(2-氯乙基)胺与N,N-二甲基十二烷基叔胺经季铵化反应合成了TCDAEA。并通过单因素条件实验考察了催化剂质量分数、反应温度、反应时间、溶剂质量分数、N,N-二甲基十二烷基叔胺与三(2-氯乙基)胺物质的量比等因素对产品产率的影响及其对产品溶液表面张力的影响。结果表明：当氢氧化钾质量分数为0.3%、nN,N-二甲基十二烷基叔胺：n三(2-氯乙基)胺=3.9、溶剂质量分数为20%、反应温度为80℃、反应时间为6h时,产品收率可达96.56%;在上述条件基础上,在25℃、临界胶束浓度为4.2?0-4mol/L时,产品溶液的表面张力降低至25.2mN/m。此外,用FT-IR方法对中间体和产物TCDAEA进行了分析表征,研究表明,TCDAEA是一种新型的三聚季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂,具有更高的表面活性。     

新型三联季铵盐表面活性剂的合成

合成一种三聚阳离子表面活性剂--三(2-氯化十二烷基二甲铵基乙基)胺(TCDAEA).以三乙醇胺、氯化亚砜为原料,经分子内亲核取代合成(中间体三(2-氯乙基)胺(TCEA);再以(2-TCEA)与N,N-二甲基十二烷基叔胺(12DMA)经季铵化反应合成TCDAEA.实验考察了催化剂质量分数、反应温度、反应时间、溶剂质量分数、(12DMA)与(TCEA)物质的量比等因素对产品产率的影响.结果表明:当氢氧化钾质量分数为0.3%、n12DMA:nTCEA=3.9、溶剂质量分数为20%、反应温度为80 ℃、反应时间为6 h时,产品收率可达96.6%.在25 ℃、临界胶束浓度为4.2×10-4 mol/L时,产品溶液的表面张力降低至25.2 mN/m.并用FT-IR方法对中间体(TCEA)和产物TCDAEA进行了结构表征.     

烷基二苯醚双磺酸盐的合成与性能

以α-十二烯、二苯醚及氯磺酸为原料合成十二烷基二苯醚双磺酸盐,对合成过程中的烷基化和磺化反应的工艺条件进行了优化,并用LC/MS进行了表征.单烷基化的较佳反应条件是:反应时间4 h,n(二苯醚)∶n(α-十二烯)=1.0∶1.0,反应温度为70℃,烷基化的产率达88%;磺化的较佳反应条件是:反应时间20 min,n(烷基二苯醚)∶n(氯磺酸)=1∶5,反应温度为10℃,磺酸基的数目为1.86.最后考察了合成样品的表面化学性能及应用性能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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