Design and construction of the current conveyor-based current mode low-pass filter

According to the structures and characteristics of the current conveyor circuits, a non-inverting current integrator, an inverting current integrator and a multi-output follower circuits have been constructed. Applying inter-reciprocity network theorem, a method was developed to implement the transform fromRLC filter prototype circuits into active-RC filter circuits, and finally into current mode filter based on current conveyor. The transfer functions and component sensitivities are common among them. It is effective in the processing of current mode analog signal, which is easy to implement. Foundation item: Supported by the Natural National Science Foundation of China (69571020) Biography: ZHU Da-bin (1939-), Associate professor, Senior visiting scholar in Wuhan University, Research direction: theory of radio circuits.     

Deviation inequality for the number of k -cycles in a random graph

We study the number of k-cycles in a random graph G(n, p). We estimate the probability that a random graph contains more k-cycles than expected. In this case, the usual martingale inequality with bounded difference is not effective. By constructing a variable that approximates to the number of k-cycles in a random graph and using a new and extensive martingale inequality, we get the results in this paper. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10571139)     

On Liu Yi's positive-negative root extraction algorithm

Liu Yi (c. 1080), the Northern Song Dynasty mathematician, was the first who annulled the restriction that the coefficients of an equation must be positive and the leading coefficient be 1. It is commonly recognized that with the learning of four arithmetic operations for negative numbers thezeng cheng method for root extraction can be extended to the general method for solving an algebraic equation of any high degree with numerical coefficients arbitrarily positive, negative or zero, and because of that many of praises have been put on thezeng cheng method but the significance of Liu's work is not given enough attention. In order to argue about the above view, the present paper points out that conceptive innovation has occured in Liu's positive-negative algorithm and that Liu's work is a key in the field of ancient Chinese mathematician's research for solving higher numerical equations. Supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Wang Rongbin: born in March, 1964, Ph. D     

Stable initialization scheme for K -means clustering

Though K-means is very popular for general clustering, its performance which generally converges to numerous local minima depends highly on initial cluster centers. In this paper a novel initialization scheme to select initial cluster centers for K-means clustering is proposed. This algorithm is based on reverse nearest neighbor (RNN) search which retrieves all points in a given data set whose nearest neighbor is a given query point. The initial cluster centers computed using this methodology are found to be very close to the desired cluster centers for iterative clustering algorithms. This procedure is applicable to clustering algorithms for continuous data. The application of proposed algorithm to K-means clustering algorithm is demonstrated. Experiment is carried out on several popular datasets and the results show the advantages of the proposed method. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60503020, 60503033, 60703086), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK2006094), the Opening Foundation of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Computer Information Processing Technology in Soochow University (KJS0714) and the Research Foundation of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NY207052, NY207082)     

Davis’s inequalities for two-parameter Banach space valued strong martingales and geometrical properties of Banach spaces

In this paper we investigated theL ₁ norm inequalities of theP square and the maximal functions of two-parameterB-valued strong martingales, which can be applied to characterizep-smoothness andq-convexity of Banach spaces. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Biography: YE Chen (1974-), male, Master candidate, Research interest is in stochastic processes.     

Implementation of texture based image retrieval using<Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis>-band wavelet transform

Wavelet transform has attracted attention because it is a very useful tool for signal analyzing. As a fundamental characteristic of an image, texture traits play an important role in the human vision system for recognition and interpretation of images. The paper presents an approach to implement texture-based image retrieval usingM-band wavelet transform. Firstly the traditional 2-band wavelet is extended toM-band wavelet transform. Then the wavelet moments are computed byM-band wavelet coefficients in the wavelet domain. The set of wavelet moments forms the feature vector related to the texture distribution of each wavelet images. The distances between the feature vectors describe the similarities of different images. The experimental result shows that theM-band wavelet moment features of the images are effective for image indexing. The retrieval method has lower computational complexity, yet it is capable of giving better retrieval performance for a given medical image database. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (69983005) Biography: Liao Ya-li(1979-), female, Master candidate, research direction: distributed network communication and multimedia information processing.     

Characterization of Anabaena cylindrica Solution System Using Synchronous-Scan Fluorescence Spectroscopy

The characterization of the algaeAnabaena cylindrica solution with Fe (III) was investigated using fluorescence emission and synchronous-scan spectroscopy. The ranges of concentrations of algae and Fe (III) in aqueous solutions were 5.0×10⁸ 2.5×10⁸ cell/L and 1060 μmol/L. respectively. The effective characterization method used was synchronous-scan fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS). The wavelength difference (Δλ) of 90 nm, was maintained between excitation wavelength (λen) and emission wavelength (λen). The peak was observed at about (λex) (λem) 326 nm for synchronous scan fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence quenching in system of algae Fe(III)-HA was studied using synchronous-scan spectroscopy for the first time, Fe(III) was clearly the effective quencher. The relationship betweenI I (quenching efficiency) andc (concentration of Fe (III) added) was, a linear correlation for the algae solution with Fe(III). Also, Aldrich humie acid (HA) was found to be an effective quencher. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20177017) and the Scientific Research Foundation of Wuhan Environmental Protection Bureau Biography: LIU Xian li(1965), male. Ph.D. Associate professor, research direction: environmental chemistry.     

On vector quasi-variational inequality problems in<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>-space

The purpose to this paper is to study the existence problem of solutions to the vector quasivariational inequality for vector-valued functions inH-space. Foundation item: Supported by the Science Research Foundation of Xianning Teacher’s College (No. K9911) Biography: Mao Jian-feng (1960-), male, Lecturer, research direction: nonlinear functional analysis.     

A design of the elliptic switched current filter

In conformity with a fifth-orderRLC elliptic filter circuit prototype, it is easy to conceive the correspondingRC active filter circuit. Simple and feasible method presented here can be used to contrive the equivalent switched capacitor filter circuit and switched current filter circuit. Consulting the technique data manual, we can expediently design a specificRLC filter. Therefore, it is of great convenience to design the switched current filter, which has the same performances. Such a kind of technology is useful in the domain of analogue sampled-data signal processing. Foundation item: Supported by the Natural National Science Foundation of China (69571020) Biography: ZHU Da-bin (1939-), Associate professor, Senior visiting scholar in Wuhan University. Research direction: theory of radio circuits.     

The Escherichia coli O157:H7 DNA detection on a gold nanoparticle-enhanced piezoelectric biosensor

This paper presents development of a quartz crystal microbalance （QCM） biosensor for real-time detection of E. coil O157：H7 DNA based on nanogold particles amplification. Many inner Au nanoparticles were immobilized onto the thioled surface of the Au electrode, then more specific thiolated sin- gle-stranded DNA （ssDNA） probes could be fixed through Au-SH bonding. The hybridization was induced by exposing the ssDNA probe to the complementary target DNA of E. coli O157：H7 gene eaeA, then resulted in a mass change and corresponding frequency shifts （ △f ） of the QCM. The outer avidin-coated Au nanoparticles could combine with the target DNA to increase the mass. The electrochemical techniques, cyclic voltammetry （CV） and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） were adopted to manifest and character each step. The target DNA corresponding to 2.0×10^3 colony forming unit （CFU）/mL E. coil O157：H7 cells can be detected by this biosensor, so it is practical to develop a sensitive and effective QCM biosensor for pathogenic bacteria detection based on specific DNA analysis. The piezoelectric biosensing system has potential for further applications, such as food safety and environment monitoring, and this approach lays the groundwork for incorporating the method into an integrated system for in-field bacteria detection.     

The microscopic approach of sdgIBM-1 and its application to nucleus<Superscript>154</Superscript>Gd

Based on the Dyson expansion theory, a microscopic approach of sdgIBM-1 is presented and applied to nucleus¹⁵⁴Gd in this paper. The energy spectra andE2 transition have been calculated. Good agreement is obtained in comparison with experimental results. Foundation item: Supported by the Foundation of Administration of Education of China Biography: Sang Jian ping (1959), male. Ph. D. Professor, research direction: nuclear physics     

Rapid classification ofBacillus isolates using RAPD technique

This paper describes the typing of selectedBacillus strains from environmental origin and ATCC type strains. The objective of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of PCR-fingerprinting using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) as a method for classifying members of the genusbacillus. Our experiments show that the levels of similarity of 69%∼90%, 40%∼60% were observed between the members of the same species and among the species of genusBacillus, respectively. In a dendrogram showing the positions of 28 strains, these strains were clearly seperated into distinct species, 13 of which are corresponding to type strains used in this study. These results suggest that RAPD analyses is a simple and powerful method for species identification and delimitation. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Yi Qingming: born in Apt. 1938, Professor     

Evolution of the serum resistance-associated SRA gene in African trypanosomes

Serum resistance-associated (SRA) protein, a protein unique for Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, is responsible for resistance of this parasite to the lysis by normal human serum (NHS) and is a vital molecular marker to distinguish this species from other African trypanosomes. We cloned and sequenced the SRA basic copy (SRAbc) gene from T. b. rhodesiense and related species and found that this gene is confined to the subgenus Trypanozoon. The average 82% identity among the sequenced SRAbc genes indicates that they may have a common origin and are highly conserved. Since SRAbc coexists in the T. b. rhodesiense genome with SRA, we propose that SRAbc might be the ‘donor VSG’, which after duplication became inserted into the expression site by recombination. Under natural selection, SRAbc could reform into SRA following mosaic formation. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 30570245, 30670275), Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (Grant No. DPCKSCU/IRT0447), International Foundation for Science of Sweden (Grant No. B/4318-1), Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (Grant No. Z60220518) and Education Foundation of the Czech Republic (Grant No. 2B06129)     

The syntheses and properties of poly(L-lactide)

Poly (L-lactide) was prepared by bulk polymerization ofL-lactide at 140°C in the presence of stannous octoate. The polymer products were characterized by number average molecular weight Mn, weight average molecular weight Mw and molecular weight distribution MWD (M _w/M _n) respectively. The results showed that stannous octoate was a high effective catalyst, and coordinated insertion mechanism of the reaction was proposed. Foundation itemL Supported by the key Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology (96-920-21) Biography: Chen lian-xi (1964-), male, Associate Professor, research direction: organic and polymeric materials.     

Reproductive biology and prospects for conservation ofCaldesia parnassifolia (Alismataceae)—A threatened monocot in China

Caldesia parnassi folia (Bassi ex Linn.) Parl. in China has declined in number in recent years and is increasingly faced with the risk of extirpation arising from anthropogenic changes associated with rapid urbanization and expansion of both agriculture and infrastructure. To aid in provision of the data needed for effective conservation of the species, studies on the habitat, pollination ecology, and breeding system ofC. parnassi folia were carried out on natural populations occurring in Southeastern China. Flowering in the study populations extended for more than eighty days beginning in early summer. Floral anthesis occurred in the morning hours and proceeded rapidly, lasting about 45 min. Flowers lasted ca. 8 h.Caldesia parnassi folia is self-compatible; however autogamy resulted in lower seed set than geitonogamy and xenogamy as well as free pollination. The data on pollen/ ovule (P∶O) ratio is consistent with a partially selfing and outcrossing mating system. Interpopulational crosses yielded similar seed set to within-population crosses. Agamospermy did not occur in the study populations. Propagation is achieved through seeds as well as through turions which commonly occur in the inflorescences. Flies (Insecta; Diptera) were the most frequent visitors to the flowers ofC. parnassi folia; however bees (Insecta; Hymenoptera) composed a larger proportion of effective pollinators. The Syrphidae speciesSphaerophoria indiana (Bigot) presents evidence of oligolectic foraging behavior. Recommendations are made on the immediate steps necessary for conservation ofCaldesia species in China. Foundation item: Supported by the State Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China (973) (G2000046805) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30070055) Biography: Robert Wahiti, Gituru (1967-), male, Kenya, Ph. D., research direction: plant biosystematics.     

A tumor suppressor genefhit prokaryotic expression and identification

The recombinant expression vector pGEMD-fhit which contains full encoding region offhit gene was constructed. The recombinant was introduced into the BL21 (DE3) strain ofE. coli and induced by 1 mmol/L IPTG to express a 29×10³ polypeptide offhit fusion protein. And the 29×10³ protein was sensitive and specific in reaction with anti-fhit antibody in Western blot. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (39770373) Biography: SUN Yan (1975−), female, Master of science, Research direction: gene engineering     

Probabilistic Analysis on Connectivity for Sensor Grids with Unreliable Nodes

0 IntroductionWireless sensor networks consist of manynodes , each containing application-specificsensors ,a wirelesstransceiver ,anda si mple proces-sor[1-4]. Sensor networks have extensive applica-tions . A large number of research results can beseenin Refs .[5-7] .This paper mainly concerns with sensor net-works that are inherently unreliable. We consider anetwork with mn nodes ,arranged in a grid over asquare region of areaA. This model was presentedin[8 ,9].Each nodeis a sensor ,and can…     

Pollen Morphology of Artemisia L. and Its Systematic Significance

The pollen of 57 species representing 7 sections of Artemisia was examined hy light microscope and scanning microscope for the purpose to elucidate the systematic relationships of the genus. The examination indicates that the pollen grains present high concordance which is characterized by the globular or the appruximate shape. 3-lobed circular from polar view while granular or ellipse sphere from tropical plate with tricolporate structure. The exinc of pollen has an obvious double structure of inner and outer layers (including the tecturn and columnar layers) where the outer is thicker than the inner and the sculpture of exine degenerates into small spinules easily distinguishable from other genera of the Compositae. Based on cxine sculpture, the pollen grains of Artemisia can be divided into two types: Myriantha type and Mongolica type, which possesses 4 subtypes according to the distribution forms of spinulc: (1) Sacrorum subtype, (2) Oligocarpa subtype, (3) Lavandulaefolia subtype. (4) Anomale subtype.