唐代官修谱牒与庶族地位变迁

谱牒编修伴随着宗族的产生而出现,随着世族门阀的兴起得以迅速发展,尤其是在唐代,谱牒的发展达到了顶峰。它不仅仅是传统意义的修谱,而且是统治者用来打击士族,提高庶族地位巩固统治的政治工具。唐代经过三次大规模的官修谱谍,使士庶二族的地位逐渐趋于合流,加之科举选官制度等其它方面的原因,盛行于晋唐时期的门阀制度也渐趋衰落,官修谱牒不再盛行,谱牒编修也逐渐向私家转变。     

门阀士族与刘宋宗室内乱

随着刘宋政权的建立，东晋士族门阀政治日趋衰落，皇权政治逐渐复兴。但门阀士族在相当长的时间内仍是皇权依靠的重要势力，他们与新起的庶族、宗室等力量不可避免地展开了权力的争夺。细绎每一次刘宋宗室内乱，都可以发现门阀士族的身影活跃其间。可以说，在宗室内乱中，高门与寒庶、高门与皇权之间的斗争是一味重要的催化剂。     

祖逖北伐新论

祖逖北伐是东晋的首次北伐,北伐主要对象是羯族人石勒建立的后赵。近年来一些史学家对祖逖倍加赞誉：“是中华民族识大体顾大局的杰出人物,他为完成祖国统一大业那种生命不息、奋斗不止的献身精神,永垂汗青,彪炳百代。”［１］肯定祖逖北伐。我认为这种看法不符合历史实际,故作《新论》。一、后赵取代西晋是庶族地主对门阀士族的胜利祖逖所处的两晋时期,门阀士族掌权。此阶段政治、经济均与门阀制度密切相关,自然祖逖北伐与门阀士族有着必然的联系。西晋门阀士族统治集团,从未受过艰难,体会不到劳动人民的疾苦,只知纵情享乐。从西…     

南朝皇室与士族在文学地位上的互动

南朝皇室与士族在文学地位上有一个互动关系，即皇室文化素养不断提高，文学地位逐渐上升，士族文学地位逐渐下降。这种互动关系形成的原因便是庶族皇室对士族文化的认同和重视，从而导致了南朝社会普遍的爱文风气。     

论宋代社会与文化发展的不平衡性

宋代的文化繁荣时代并不是与社会的一般发展相适应的,因而也不是与那构成社会组织骨干的社会物质相适应的。其社会特征已是无可挽回地滑向了下坡路的后期时代。从总体上看,宋代的统一,并不像汉唐是在经过大规模农民暴动冲击了封建生产关系的基础上建立起来的,而是靠陈桥驿事变和“杯酒释兵权”的权术起家的,宋王朝并未真正触动封建社会制度本身的痼疾,其生产关系和社会结构关系,基本上是延续或部分发展了唐代既有的政治经济成果,加以其封建专制机构的老化和运转、指挥不灵,更增强了其社会衰落的趋向。宋代文化的繁荣,并不是封建专制制度本身所必由派生。其主要原因是由于封建后期的社会结构变化(如庶族地主阶层占主导统治地位)和社会关系变化,以及文化自身发展规律所致,特别是人民大众兴起的新思想、新内涵如“均贫富、等贵贱”的平等自由取向和个性解放思想以及庶族士子诗词文中的关心民瘼、抨击时弊和爱国思想的酿成。     

论宋代社会与文化发展的不平衡性

宋代的文化繁荣时代并不是与社会的一般发展相适应的，因而也不是与那构成社会组织骨干的社会物质相适应的。其社会特征已是无可挽回地滑向了下坡路的后期时代。从总体上看，宋代的统一，并不像汉唐是在经过大规模农民暴动冲击了封建生产关系的基础上建立起来的，而是靠陈桥驿事变和“杯酒释兵权”的权术起家的，宋王朝并未真正触动封建社会制度本身的痼疾，其生产关系和社会结构关系，基本上是延续或部分发展了唐代既有的政治经济成果，加以其封建专制机构的老化和运转、指挥不灵，更增强了其社会衰落的趋向。宋代文化的繁荣，并不是封建专制制度本身所必由派生。其主要原因是由于封建后期的社会结构交化(如庶族地主阶层占主导统治地位)和社会关系变化，以及文化自身发展规律所致，特别是人民大众兴起的新思想、新内涵如“均贫富、等贵贱”的平等自由取向和个性解放思想以及庶族士子诗词文中的关心民瘼、抨击时弊和爱国思想的酿成。     

唐侠义小说之流变及成因

唐代侠风大盛,侠义小说的创作也空前繁荣.侠义小说分为前后两期,前期的作品是对魏晋南北朝上层社会侠风的继承和总结,主要表现英雄的济世情怀;后期的作品是对唐代中晚期民间侠风的概括,主要展现拯救者的锄恶风范.侠义小说的流变表现了庶族文人对于士族文化的背叛,它打开了侠文化走向世俗的正义之门.     

钟嵘《诗品》对庶人文学作家的接受

钟嵘的《诗品》是中国文学理论史上的奠基之作,大凡历代研究诗学者必览之,《诗品》内容虽不多,但提供的信息却十分丰富。其中有一个重要方面,即钟嵘的文学观也可分成士族文学观和庶族文学观,从西方接受理论上来说,钟嵘对庶族诗人的评论,便可看出他对庶族文人的接受。     

论晚唐文学的基本走向

本文从唐代制度的限定、都市生活风貌以及宗教思想的影响等文化背景入手,分析了晚唐庶族文人所书写的“自己的生活道路”和“情绪的历史”,从文学的主体精神、文人审美价值取向以及对现实的批评选择等方面,论述了晚唐文学的基本走向,肯定了“晚唐风情”的客观价值及其在中国文化史上的特殊意义。     

略论两晋南朝门阀士族在文化上的特点

两晋南朝时期,是门阀士族当权的时代。他们是地主阶级中极少数拥有各种特权的一个阶层。在政治上独占各种清要官职;在经济上,多是占有大片土地的大地主,对农民实行农奴式的压迫和剥削;在社会地位上,“士庶”等级又区分极为突出,等等。关于这些方面的问题,史学界已有不少同志作了专题论述。而门阀士族在文化学术思想方面也有其自身的特点,目前还少有专篇论及,本文拟就士族在文化上所表现出的文才相继、学术家传及其儒学、玄学和宗教思想的混合等主要特点作一略论。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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