陕西渭北旱塬近43年气候暖干化研究

利用 1 95 5 - 1 997年陕西渭北地区 5个县、市的气温和降水资料 ,对近 43年来陕西渭北地区气候变化特征进行了分析 .结果表明 ,近 43年来 ,陕西渭北地区温度、降水的变化呈明显多重周期波动 ,年平均气温上升 ,降水量减少 ,变旱趋势明显 ,气候呈暖干化     

Monitoring dynamic change of land cover based on SVM and satellite images in Hanoi,Vietnam

An integral method,combining support vector ma-chine (SVM) with remote-sensing analysis techniques,was ex-plored to monitor Hanoi’s dynamic change of land cover. The landsat thematic mapper (TM) image in 1993,the enhanced the-matic mapper plus (ETM+) image in 2000,and the image with the charge-coupled device camera (CCD) on the China-Brazil earth resources satellite (CBERS) in 2008 were used. Six land-cover types,including built-up areas,woodland,cropland,sand,water body and unused land,were identified. The detected results showed visually the rapid urban expansion as well as land-cover change of Hanoi from 1993 to 2008. There were 12 637.54 hm2 cropland de-creased between 1993 and 2000,and 8 227.6 hm2 cropland de-creased between 2000 and 2008. Compared with cropland,wood-land firstly decreased and then increased,and the other types did not change significantly. The results indicate that CBERS dataset has the application potential in world resources researches.     

Trend of urban system structure under the restriction of water and land resources in Xinjiang

On the basis of studies on water and land resources affecting urban development and urban system structure in Xinjiang, this paper analyzes the utilization status and shortage of urban water resources. It is considered that both the consumption and waste of urban water resources are in an increase trend. Most cities and towns in Xinjiang are in shortage of water resources, however, waste of water resources are serious, especially in small towns. The development of the megapolis and moderate cities is evidently restricted by limited land resources. Though there are relatively large spaces of expanding the small cities and towns, the output benefits of water and land resources are low. In order to achieve the ordinal expansion of urban system structure in Xinjiang, it is suggested to take the urban spatial development pattern of ＂one circle and three belts＂ and the resources-economized strategy in the rapid development of urbanization.     

中国干旱区中小流域水土保持生物措施分析——以天山头屯河山区流域为例

以天山头屯河为例,通过对河流水沙情势的分析,探讨了干旱区河流不同地段的产输沙特点,提出了干旱区山溪性河流泥沙源于中低山带;同时结合不同地段（不同海拔）的地质、地貌及气候、土壤等植被生长条件,提出了水土保持分区治理对策和具体开发保护的生物措施     

松华坝水源保护区土地利用/土地覆被变化研究

以松华坝水源保护区为研究对象,通过解译Landsat TM遥感影像得到两期(1992年、2001年)1:10万土地利用图.基于GIS的叠加分析功能,建立了两个时期的土地利用类型转移矩阵.并结合DEM,定量研究了该区域近十年的土地利用/覆被的变化特征.研究结果表明:(1)该水源区土地利用类型以林地为主,其次是草地和耕地,...     

红壤坡地不同覆盖措施的水土保持效益分析

应用江西省水土保持生态科技园红壤坡地的观测资料,对不同水土保持措施的效益和柑橘生长情况进行了分析研究.结果表明:百喜草全园覆盖措施蓄水保土效果显著,而狗牙根带状覆盖措施柑橘产量最高.百喜草全园覆盖措施与狗牙根全园覆盖措施相比,其蓄水效益提高72.1%;百喜草全园覆盖措施与阔叶雀稗草全园覆盖措施相比,其保土效益提高98.9%;狗牙根带状覆盖措施与百喜草带状覆盖 黄豆或萝卜套种措施相比,其柑橘产量提高54.9%.虽然红壤坡地种植百喜草能显著控制坡面水土流失量,但由于百喜草是高耗水牧草植物,耗水耗肥多,在需水关键期与柑橘形成竞争关系,因而影响了柑橘产量.     

Comprehensive comparison and analysis of the tidal gravity observations obtained with superconducting gravimeters at stations in China, Belgium and France

The long-term tidal gravity observations of about 27 a obtained with superconducting gravimeters (SG) at stations in Wuhan (China), Brussels (Belgium) and Strasbourg (France) are analyzed comprehensively. The quality factors of these observations at various stations are obtained and the tidal parameters are determined accurately. The efficiency when using various procedures on improving accuracy of the tidal parameters is discussed. The loading corrections on tidal parameters are carried out based on the global ocean tidal models. The correlations between the observed residuals and air pressure change are studied, the atmospheric gravity admittances in both temporal and frequency domains are determined, and the possible reasons of inducing the discrepancy between the observed tidal parameters and those in the standard tidal models are studied.     

近百年高低层大气环流的演变特征及其与中国降水变化的关系

 分析了101 a北半球低层和高层大气环流(包含四大涛动及W,C,E 3种环流型、副高强度)的演变特征,并讨论了大气环流因子的年际和年代际变化与中国降水的关系.结果表明,无论是高层还是低层大气环流特征随时间尺度的不同而不同,最显著的变化是7 a以下的年际变化.低层因子的年际变化比对流层因子明显;对流层因子的气候基本态的变化比低层因子明显.SO是低层因子中发生年际变化的强信号,NPO是低层因子中时间尺度28 a以上变化的强信号.副高是对流层中发生年际变化的强信号,E型环流是对流层中时间尺度28 a以上变化的强信号;中国近百年的降水量变化有显著的小于3.5 a,3.5~7 a,7~14 a的周期变化;中国降水和高、低层大气环流因子之间存在明显的同时相关和滞后相关关系.同时相关中,影响中国降水的主要因子为:W,NPO,SO;滞后相关中,影响中国降水的主要因子为:W,NAO,AO,E.     

从水土保持到全球气候变化:中国黄土研究70年

 中国黄土独特的地层构造一直吸引着不同领域学者的注意。1949年后,黄土研究进入一个全新而系统的阶段。根据大量黄土研究材料,梳理了黄土研究在中国的发展脉络,总结了70年来黄土研究的重要成果。20世纪50-60年代的黄土普查获得了大量关于黄土地区的一手材料,陆续出版有重要影响力的黄土阶段性研究成果;20世纪70年代后,随着新技术与新方法的运用,黄土研究在内容与精度上不断得以丰富与完善;20世纪80年代至今,黄土高原水土流失综合治理研究取得诸多成果,更为重要的是,黄土地层记录的古气候密码逐渐被破解,成为理解全球气候变化的关键因素。在几代学者的共同努力下,中国黄土研究处于世界先进水平。     

苏里格气田盒8气藏气水层测井识别研究

鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田盒8气藏为弹性驱动的河流相低效气藏,储层非均质性强,在开发中普遍见水.根据试采情况将气藏储层分为气层、水层、气水层三类,开展气、水层的测井识别研究.以区内26口井50个射孔层段各层的试油结果作为依据,选出了700个样本点作为判识建模的标本,以声波时差和中子孔隙度等8个原始测井值作为判识变量组合,采用模糊判别分析,建立了各层的判识模型.回判结果表明,模型对气层精度达到97%,水层为89%,气水层为94%.利用未参加建模的出水井射孔段对模型进行验证,判识结果基本符合实际情况,模型具有较高精度.