低延迟10kb/s语音编码算法研究

介绍了8kHz采样率下算法延迟为2.5ms的10kb/s语音编码算法。本算法使用20维的CELP,并用自适应码本搜索和代数码本搜索相级联的方法进行矢量量化。通过PC仿真实验并经PESQ测试,其合成语音质量接近16kb/s的G.728。     

ITU-T G.728语音压缩算法的实时实现

ITU－TG．728建议是国际电信联盟于1992年制定比特率为16kb/s的低延时CELP类语音编码器。在扼要介绍G．728编码码算法原理基础上，详细讨论了G．728的LD－CELP算法在TMS320C6211上实时实现的硬件设计和软件开发及系统设计中的一些关键技术。     

基于局部余弦变换的2.4 kb/s低比特率语音编码

系统地设计了一个基于局部余弦变换的2.4kb/s低比特率的语音编码器，对局部余弦变换系数采用分维矢量量化方法进行量化，码书设计采用LGB算法。编码中的码书搜索采用树形状快速搜索算法。通过主观非正式听力测试和客观参数评价，从理解性和自然度两方面来看，用设计的2.4kb/s低比特率的编码方法编码的语音质量比FS1015（LPC－10e)编码标准编码的语音质量要好，而且具有较强的鲁棒性，适合于对各种环境中的语音进行编码。     

一种改善激励源的1.2kb/s语音编码算法及其实时实现

为了适应无线通信等低速语音编码场合，吸收2.4kb/sMELP算法优点，提出了一种改善激励源的1.2kb/s混合激励线性预测算法，该算法在模型结构、LSP量化及解码等方面较传统的2.4kb/sLPC算法有了较大改进。同时，选用TMS320VC5416DSP芯片实时实现了以该算法为核心的声码器。客观音质测试和非正式主观测试结果表明，该算法在自然度、清晰度和抗噪声等方面明显优于2.4kb/sLPC算法，是低速率下一种良好的编码方案。     

一种新的中速率语音编码方案

本文提出了一种新的混合型中速率语音编码方案,它充分考虑了语音(尤其是汉语)的特点、能量分布和人耳的听觉特性,把语音先分割成基带(300Hz～1kHz)和高频带(1～3.4kHz),然后分别采用波形编码(ADPCM)和参数编码(MELP)对基带和高频信号进行处理.实验结果表明,其信噪比较高,尤其是主观质量很好,可与24kb/s甚至32kb/s的ADPCM方案相比拟,并且它的高低频段信号可以同时进行运算,实时处理很客易实现。     

一种基于G.729语音编码的改进算法

共轭代数码本激励线性预测（CS，ACELP）语音编码算法在8kb／s速率上获得了比较理想的质量，是以10ms为一短时语音帧作为处理对象．基于CS．ACELP语音编码算法，以20ms为一语音帧，在编码器中引入脉冲散布技术，提出了一种使码速降低至4kb／s的散布脉冲代数码本激励线性预测（PD—ACELP）编码算法．经仿真实验及主观听觉测试表明，这种算法的合成语音质量还是比较令人满意的．     

联合UEP和丢失帧隐藏的eX-CELP 语音编码差错控制方案

为提高语音通信可靠性,研究了基于4kb／s eS-CELP语音编码算法的差错控制方案,提出了一种利用PESQ算法评估参数帧不同比特的差错敏感度的方法,讨论了将4kb／s编码算法应用于几个常用的语音通信速率时的前向不等差错保护机制,并利用纠错结果和语音编码参数特点,对丢失帧进行后向的隐藏和恢复。实验结果妻望：该方案不仅可以在各常用编码速率上为用户提供高质量话音,而且具有更强的抗信道误码的能力。     

低速率CS-ACELP语音编码算法研究及实现

介绍了8kb／s Cs-ACELP语音编码算法的基本原理，即采用LSP参数量化和代数结构的固定码书，同时对增益的量化使用共轭结构；对该算法进行了仿真实现。结果表明，CS-ACELP是一种高质量的语音编码算法。     

ITU-T G.729 CS-ACELP语音编码系统的性能分析

在介绍ITU-TG.729编码系统的基础上,通过实验仿真,着重分析了系统的性能指标.经非正式听音测试,G.729编码合成语音接近32kbit/s ADPCM编码质量,MOS分约为4.0.     

语音增强技术在低速语音编码中的应用

在语音编码的应用环境中,特别是在军事应用中,强噪声环境下声码器性能的改进是一个亟待解决的问题。在研究语音增强技术的基础上,将语音增强技术于低速语音编码,有效地改善了低速语音编码算法的抗背景噪声的性能。并利用所构建的语音质量客观评价平台,对语音增强低速编码算法的抗背景噪声性能进行了客观评估与分析。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that