具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

川明参与北沙参中氨基酸的测定

测定了中药川明参和北沙参中氨基酸的含量和组成。结果表明：川明参和北沙参至少含１３种氨基酸，其中含丰富的天冬氨酸和谷氨酸，还含有人体必需的七种氨基酸，为全面深入地研究和开发这两种药物提供了参考依据     

RP-HPLC法测定木香与川木香中木香烃内酯的含量

目的:测定木香与川木香中木香烃内酯的含量.方法:采用RP-HPLC法,用kromasil色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),以甲醇-水梯度洗脱,流速1ml·min-1,柱温30℃,检测波长225nm.结果:在0.4～1.4μg之间,峰面积与进样量的线性关系为A=671028.2864C-65332.7036(r=0.9999),平均回收率为97.3%.结论:所建方法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于木香与川木香中木香烃内酯的含量测定.     

民族药千斤拔和单面针及金樱根的考释

对民族药千斤拔、单面针、金樱根的民族药名、植物来源、民族药性、功能主治、临床应用等进行了本草学及民族医药学文献考证，并结合现有标准收载情况，证实了这3种药物不仅是地方性常用中药，也是土家族、苗族、侗族、瑶族、壮族等少数民族的常用民族药物.     

HPLC研究芍药甘草汤合煎与分煎的化学成分变化

研究芍药甘草汤合煎和分煎提取物中化学成分的差异。方法：以常规方法制备芍药甘草汤合煎和分煎的提取物,采用HPLC法,考察并确定最佳的检测波长,并采用优化的色谱条件对芍药甘草汤的合煎和分煎提取物进行测定,比较两者HPLC图谱的差异。结果：合煎后未发现明显新峰,但合煎和分煎提取物各共有峰相对积分面积存在差异,合煎提取物中主要化学成分的提取率大于分煎提取物,且共有化学成分的比例也不同。结论：芍药甘草汤合煎和分煎提取物中主要化学成分组成比例存在差异。     

丹参三七配伍的效应特点与基于效应的新药设计思路

结合药效物质、体内体外药理实验研究的具体数据进行综合分析,总结出丹参、三七配伍组合后的效应特点和表现形式,进而提出基于组分效应关系、组分配伍优化设计、研制现代中药的新思路。     

中药续断的化学成分研究

利用大孔树脂、MCI柱色谱、制备液相等对续断化学成分进行研究,通过NMR、HR-ESI-MS等波谱方法鉴定分离得到的化合物结构。从续断药材中分离得到13个化合物,分别鉴定为5个三萜皂苷:川续断皂苷Ⅵ(1)、威严仙皂苷A(2)、续断皂苷A(3)、3-O-(2-O-乙酰基)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖常春藤皂苷元-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(4)、3-O-(4-O-乙酰基)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖常春藤皂苷元-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(5),6个环烯醚萜苷:马钱苷酸(6)、马钱子苷(7)、当药苷(8)、续断苷A(9)、续断苷B(10)、林生续断苷I(11),以及2个其他类成分:5-羟甲基-2-呋喃甲醛(12)、α-亚麻酸(13),其中化合物4、12、13为首次从续断药材中分离得到,也是首次从川续断属植物中分离得到。该研究进一步丰富了续断药材化学成分组成,对于建立以质量标志物为药材优劣评价依据的续断药材质量标准提供了物质基础,同时为进一步阐释续断“发汗”加工前后化学成分及其含量的变化、化学成分转化机制研究提供了更丰富的化学物质基础。     

幂线性空间的维数与基

首次给出了幂线性空间的概念,得到了线性空间的幂集提升,进而给出并讨论了幂线性空间的基、维数.     

基数排序及其基于位操作的优化

采用“大O表示法“客观地分析了基数排序算法的时间复杂度,给出了基数排序算法的实现和正确性的证明,并与比较排序算法作了横向的运行时间的对比.对基数排序效率不佳的现状,提出了用位操作方法来优化基数排序,并通过实验证实:优化后的基数排序算法明显提高了排序的运行速度,具有一定的实用价值,使基数排序在一定程度上可与目前最快的快速排序相比拟.     

分光光度法测定黄芪药材中铜、铁、锌的含量

为了探讨分光光度法测定黄芪药材中Cu,Fe,Zn质量含量的可行性,笔者根据不同的金属离子与特定显色剂显色,可产生可见光吸收的现象,采用分光光度法平行测定人发标准品及黄芪中微量元素的质量含量.结果表明,黄芪中含丰富的微量元素,其中Fe质量含量最高(为173.08 mg.kg-1),Zn为75.87 mg.kg-1,Cu为17.05 mg.kg-1.分光光度法操作简便、测量快速、结果准确,易推广使用.