Hotspots of aberrant epigenomic reprogramming in human induced pluripotent stem cells

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer immense potential for regenerative medicine and studies of disease and development. Somatic cell reprogramming involves epigenomic reconfiguration, conferring iPSCs with characteristics similar to embryonic stem (ES) cells. However, it remains unknown how complete the reestablishment of ES-cell-like DNA methylation patterns is throughout the genome. Here we report the first whole-genome profiles of DNA methylation at single-base resolution in five human iPSC lines, along with methylomes of ES cells, somatic cells, and differentiated iPSCs and ES cells. iPSCs show significant reprogramming variability, including somatic memory and aberrant reprogramming of DNA methylation. iPSCs share megabase-scale differentially methylated regions proximal to centromeres and telomeres that display incomplete reprogramming of non-CG methylation, and differences in CG methylation and histone modifications. Lastly, differentiation of iPSCs into trophoblast cells revealed that errors in reprogramming CG methylation are transmitted at a high frequency, providing an iPSC reprogramming signature that is maintained after differentiation.     

心肌肽素在心肌细胞氧化应激中的作用

研究心肌肽素对过氧化氢所致心肌细胞氧应激模型中所起的作用。采用原代培养乳鼠心肌细胞,以200μmol/L过氧化氢作用2 h诱导心肌细胞造成氧化应激模型,细胞损伤前分别给予不同浓度的心肌肽素进行干预。使用RT-PCR检测Caspase-3表达变化,MTT比色法检测原代乳鼠心肌细胞的活力,黄嘌呤/黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定超氧化物歧化酶活性。过氧化氢组心肌细胞活力低于对照组,超氧化物歧化酶活性下降(P<0.05),caspase-3 mRNA表达升高;心肌肽素组细胞活力、超氧化物歧化酶活性高于过氧化氢组,而caspase-3 mRNA表达水平较过氧化氢组降低(P<0.05),不同浓度心肌肽素之间无明显差别(P>0.05)。心肌肽素对过氧化氢造成的心肌细胞损伤作用有抵抗作用且这种抵抗作用与其抑制凋亡作用有关。     

小鼠胎肝间充质干细胞体内向骨骼肌样细胞分化的研究

目的:了解小鼠胎肝间充质干细胞在体内向骨骼肌细胞分化的潜能。方法:无菌条件下将C57BL/6 J胎鼠肝脏制成单细胞悬液,雄性胎肝悬液体外贴壁培养纯化,传3代后将贴壁细胞移植于心肌毒素(card iotoxin)造成的雌鼠骨骼肌损伤部位,2月后处死受鼠,取相应骨骼肌组织固定、制片;用免疫组织化学染色和荧光原位杂交检测雌性受体小鼠骨骼肌组织内供体小鼠胎肝间充质干细胞向骨骼肌样细胞分化情况。结果:在骨骼肌组织内发现存在Y染色体阳性的供体来源的细胞,同时呈现骨骼肌组织的部分特征,表型为desm in /F lt-1-/CD4-5/F4-/80。结论:胎肝中分离出的间充质干细胞在体内可以分化为骨骼肌样细胞。     

胚胎干细胞向心肌细胞分化研究进展(综述)

胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cells,ES)在体外分化培养条件下可以分化出各种组织细胞，其中包括心肌细胞。ES细胞在体外向心肌细胞分化与体内完整胚胎心肌发育过程相符合。该细胞在体外分化过程中顺序表达心肌细胞特有结构蛋白和离子通道，如肌球蛋白轻链和重链、特异性肌动蛋白、电压依赖性Ca^2 通道、K^ 通道等。ES细胞分化来源的心肌细胞具有体内心肌细胞的生理学特点，如产生的动作电位、表现自发性收缩等。因此，ES细胞是研究心肌细胞发育分化机制及鉴定其关键基因的理想模型。     

昆明小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞的分离与体外培养

研究了昆明小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞的分离、培养和生长特征,建立了快速、稳定的优质饲养层细胞培养体系.从不同日龄的胎鼠均分离到胚胎成纤维细胞,但最佳分离时间为13.5~14.5d;三种分离原代胚胎成纤维细胞的方法中胰酶消化法效果最好,能在较短的周期内获得大量原代及传代细胞;MEF细胞形态以小梭形为主,呈漩涡状、火焰状生长;增殖速度较快,每1~2d可传一代,按1∶3比例常规传代;5代以内适宜制作饲养层用,5代以后细胞开始变形呈现典型的衰老特征.     

Functional expression of HLA-DP genes transfected into mouse fibroblasts

The HLA class II antigens are a highly polymorphic family of dimeric cell-surface glycoproteins, expressed predominantly on the surface of immunocompetent cells. They are intimately involved with the induction of the T-cell response to extrinsic antigen and are important predisposing factors for a wide spectrum of autoimmune diseases. We describe here the expression of a class II product from the HLA-DP (new WHO nomenclature, formerly SB) subregion after transfer of cloned genes into mouse fibroblasts. The transfected DP antigen is recognized by several HLA class II monoclonal antibodies and, though present in a mouse cell background, is able to function in the presentation of influenza antigen to cloned DP-restricted human T lymphocytes.     

qking基因对大鼠心肌成纤维细胞增殖及胶原合成的影响

为探讨qking基因对大鼠心肌成纤维细胞(Cardiac Fibroblast,CF)增殖及胶原合成的影响,进一步完善心肌纤维化的相关机制;为改善心机重构提供新的思路,采用胶原酶消化,差速贴壁法原代培养SD乳鼠心肌成纤维细胞,以血管紧张素II(AngII)诱导CF建立增殖及胶原合成模型,运用western-blot法,RT-PCR法,流式细胞术观察过表达qking对CF增殖及胶原合成的影响.结果在CF中血管紧张素II诱导了qking表达时间依耐性的降低,在24 h后降至谷底.过表达qking后通过western-blot法及RT-PCR法检测了CF中增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)及胶原蛋白1a/3a表达水平的变化,流式细胞术观察细胞周期,数据表明qking基因编码的QKI-6蛋白亚型的过表达能明显抑制CF的增殖;而对于CF中胶原合成未见明显影响.说明qking基因编码的QKI蛋白对CF增殖发挥负性调节作用,但对胶原合成并无明显影响.     

Connective tissue growth factor induces transformation of renal fibroblasts into myofibroblasts

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is thought to be a specific mediator of TGF-β profibrogenic effect, but the role of CTGF in the transformation of renal fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, which are the most important host cells in the renal chronic fibrosis, is still unknown. Aimed at observing the biological effect of CTGF, we set up a cell line overexpressing CTGF, and analyzed the amount of myofibroblast and the level of extracellular matrix Collagen Ⅲ mRNA in cultured cells. Our results show that CTGF can directly induce myofibroblasts formation, and increase the level of Collagen Ⅲ mRNA. This suggests that CTGF may be a novel pharmacotherapeutical target protein for the interference with renal fibrosis, thus providing useful theoretic possibility for clinical prevention of chronic progression of kidney disease.     

In vitro synthesis of infectious DNA of murine leukaemia virus.

DNA synthesised in vitro by purified virions of murine leukaemia virus is infectious. Neither RNA nor protein is required for infectivity. Transfection with reverse trancriptase product shows a single-hit dose response and results in the production of complete, infectious virus.