冲击载荷作用下玻璃和陶瓷材料失效模式对比研究

针对玻璃和陶瓷两种材料的不同失效模式,及陶瓷中是否存在失效波现象的问题开展了数值模拟工作,得到了陶瓷和玻璃两种脆性材料在冲击载荷作用下不同的动态响应情况,从材料细观结构的角度出发,对产生不同结果的主要影响因素进行了分析,解释了相同实验条件下,陶瓷材料中没有观测到表征失效波现象的再压缩信号的原因. 分析结果表明,与能够产生失效波的玻璃材料相比,由于陶瓷材料在细观尺度上存在着尺寸较大的微裂纹,这些裂纹在冲击载荷作用下快速生长,致使材料损伤发展的延迟时间很短,所以实验中没有观测到陶瓷材料中的失效波现象.      

强冲击载荷下氧化铝陶瓷的力学特性及本构模型

研究氧化铝陶瓷在强冲击加载下的力学响应和动态本构模型. 利用一级轻气炮对陶瓷靶板进行冲击加载,测量得到靶板内的应力-时间曲线,并分析得到氧化铝陶瓷的动力学特性. 结合陶瓷材料破坏特性分析,从脆性材料内翼型裂纹的产生和扩展机理出发,建立了微裂纹损伤本构模型,其中损伤参数通过微裂纹尺寸和微裂纹数2个变量进行描述. 实验与计算结果表明,该模型较好地描述了强冲击载荷下氧化铝陶瓷的力学行为.     

高速冲击条件下玻璃材料的破坏分析

分析了玻璃材料在高速冲击条件下的破坏波现象,对破坏波的传播机制及其动态特征以及破坏层的性质进行了研究。在实验分析的基础上提出了一种由偏应力冲量决定的损伤累积模型,并采用Heaviside函数来描述材料内部的破坏迟滞现象;数值模拟了破坏波的传播过程、破坏层的横向应力和纵向压缩应变的演化特征,并得出了反射稀疏波在破坏层边界再次反射后破坏波传播速度下降的结论。     

裂纹的相互作用对于岩石动力行为的影响

岩石作为非均匀介质含有大量的微裂纹,在外载作用下裂纹会相互作用.本文基于岩石的翼状裂纹模型,考虑了正方形裂纹阵列和六边形裂纹阵列两种情况下裂纹的相互作用,利用裂纹的运动方程和加载方程,研究了动力加载下Ⅰ型裂纹之间的相互影响对于岩石动力行为的影响.通过数值分析,定量研究了不同裂纹密度对岩石动力变形和破坏过程的影响.结果表明,裂纹密度越大,裂纹的相互作用越强烈,破坏时加载强度越低,惯性引起材料的轴向附加应力越大.     

爆炸过程裂纹发展的高速摄影试验研究

研究爆破过程应力波作用及裂纹发展规律。方法 通过硼硅酸玻璃平面模型柱状装药高速摄影爆破试验。观察不同瞬间的裂纹分布图片并进行分形特征分析研究,结果随着应力波在介质中传播所产生裂纹的分维呈增加趋势,其增加幅度随着应力波作用及其自由面效变化具有明显的起伏。     

模拟混凝土破坏过程的微裂纹模型及其应用

提出了一种适用于定量模拟混凝土材料的微细观裂纹数值模型.该模型可用于模拟和分析材料破坏的全过程,包括砂浆/粗骨料界面上初始微裂纹的扩展、微裂纹的聚合、宏观主裂纹的形成与扩展及最终破裂的全过程.作为分析实例,对4组不同配比的16种混凝土拉伸试样进行了破坏过程仿真分析.结果表明,利用该数值模型可揭示混凝土常见的拉伸破坏模式与机理;骨料体积增加时,混凝土的延展性有增大趋势,强度则呈现减小趋势,这与已有文献中混凝土拉伸实验结果相符.该数值模型直接从失效机理出发,建立了定量描述含微细观裂纹的准脆性材料破坏过程的新方法,可望为该类材料/结构的失效控制或安全设计提供参考.     

对空心玻璃微球强度的研究

本文利用撞击感度落锤仪等仪器,实验研究了空心玻璃微球和漂珠在流体介质中受到普通冲击压力、冲击波和静压力作用时的相对强度。评价了空心玻璃微球在生产及应用于乳化炸药过程中的抗压性。     

基于接触算法的复合材料层板脱层损伤分析

针对长纤维增强树脂基复合材料层合板的脱层损伤破坏,提出了基于接触算法的脱层预测模型.在潜在产生脱层区域模拟为粘结接触,并将脱层模型作为界面的接触行为,引入一个损伤变量来表征在达到宏观裂纹之前的微裂纹和微缺陷区域面积,从而获得产生损伤时界面的有效刚度.通过结合传统的应力失效准则和断裂力学中的能量释放率准则定义了损伤发展过程中的损伤面,分析了脱层产生和扩展的整个过程.并将该模型通过ABAQUS/Explicit的用户子程序VUINTER实现.对控制双悬臂梁张开位移率方式下裂纹扩展的数值仿真结果与实验结果进行了比较,取得了满意的结果,验证了该模型的正确性.     

围压下裂纹中自由水影响混凝土力学性能的机理

为了研究围压和混凝土裂纹中自由水对混凝土材料静、动力宏观力学性能的影响,根据混凝土材料的细观结构、不同围压水平下混凝土的宏观破坏现象及混凝土中微裂纹的扩展和串接规律,揭示了围压下混凝土的破坏过程和破坏机理。通过对混凝土体积变形和裂纹扩展速度的讨论,得到了静动力荷载条件下自由水的有害及有益作用,利用断裂力学,考虑主控裂纹之间的相互影响、围压及自由水的不同作用、裂纹扩展速度对应力强度因子的影响,建立了低围压下混凝土的静、动力抗压强度模型。模型的计算结果与宏观试验现象较为一致。     

围压下裂纹中自由水影响混凝土力学性能的机理

为了研究围压和混凝土裂纹中自由水对混凝土材料静、动力宏观力学性能的影响,根据混凝土材料的细观结构、不同围压水平下混凝土的宏观破坏现象及混凝土中微裂纹的扩展和串接规律,揭示了围压下混凝土的破坏过程和破坏机理。通过对混凝土体积变形和裂纹扩展速度的讨论,得到了静动力荷载条件下自由水的有害及有益作用,利用断裂力学,考虑主控裂纹之间的相互影响、围压及自由水的不同作用、裂纹扩展速度对应力强度因子的影响,建立了低围压下混凝土的静、动力抗压强度模型。模型的计算结果与宏观试验现象较为一致。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the