冻融循环对结构性黄土构度指标影响研究

为研究冻融循环对结构性黄土构度指标的影响,以山西阳曲一号隧道黄土为研究对象,基于综合结构势和构度概念为理论基础,对不同含水率黄土进行了不同冻融循环次数的无侧限抗压试验。试验表明:原状土样和重塑土样在含水率变大的过程中,单轴抗压强度均减小,且呈现出相同的变化趋势,而原状土样的无侧限单轴抗压强度均高于同含水率重塑土的无侧限单轴抗压强度,有着明显的结构强度。黄土的无侧限抗压强度和构度随着含水率和冻融循环次数的增加而减小的主要原因是由于黄土的结构性被土中水和冻融循环综合作用破坏的结果,该研究可为季节性黄土地区隧道建设提供科学依据。     

冻融循环作用下吕梁地区马兰黄土性质研究

以山西省吕梁地区原状马兰黄土为研究对象,通过对该地区Q_3黄土开展不同初始含水量,不同冻融循环次数下的静三轴剪切试验和微观结构试验,探讨了冻融作用对黄土力学性质的影响。结果表明:随着冻融次数的增加,含水率会有不同程度的降低。冻融循环作用会使土体在剪切时更容易屈服,在围压和含水率一定时,土体的破坏应力随冻融循环的叠加呈整体下降趋势。含水率对偏应力增长的影响要大于冻融循环作用。黄土的强度参数随冻融循环作用表现为黏聚力随冻融循环次数呈指数函数型降低,内摩擦角几乎没变化。同时,随着冻融循环次数的增加,大颗粒破碎为小颗粒和碎屑集合体,孔隙比增大。这一研究成果可为吕梁地区由于冻融作用引起的滑坡发生机理研究提供参考。     

冻融循环对黄土电阻率及水分迁移影响的试验研究

电阻率为土体的固有特性,与土中水含量、颗粒排列和链接方式有着密切的关系。为了研究冻融循环次数对黄土的电阻率的影响,对经历不同冻融循环次数的不同含水状态黄土的电阻率进行了试验研究,分析了黄土电阻率与含水量、冻融循环次数的关系,建立了考虑含水量、冻融循环次数的非饱和土电阻率模型。试验结果表明:干密度一定时,电阻率随着含水量的增高而快速降低,当含水量达到26%后,电阻率变化规律逐渐趋于稳定;当冻融循环次数少于5次时,电阻率随着冻融循环次数的增加缓慢增长;冻融循环次数超过5次后,电阻率值逐渐趋于稳定。通过对冻融前后土样不同区域的含水量值的比较可知,冻融循环作用后,土中水总体呈现出从中心向四周的扩散的迁移规律。     

基于CT技术的混凝土孔隙结构冻融损伤试验

运用电子计算机断层扫描(CT)技术对经历冻融循环后的混凝土试样细观损伤过程进行实时扫描,获得二维断层扫描图像。在此基础上,运用图像处理技术对孔隙结构进行三维重建,得到不同冻融循环次数下试样内部孔隙结构的空间分布特征与演化规律,以此分析孔隙结构与单轴抗压强度之间的关系。运用分形理论对冻融环境下试样孔隙结构与冻融循环次数的关系进行定量化描述。研究结果表明:试样内部孔隙的结构分布特征和演化规律与其力学性质和宏观破损特征密切相关。在冻融循环作用下,混凝土孔隙率随冻融循环次数的增加而逐渐增大,并与单轴抗压强度呈负相关;混凝土试样孔隙盒维数呈现初期降低后期增加的变化规律,即在孔隙结构的扩展经历了复杂无序—单一有序—复杂无序的演化过程。     

冻融作用对松浦大桥段岸坡土体压缩性的影响

为了研究冻融作用对松浦大桥段岸坡土压缩性的影响,对该段岸坡土进行了基本物理参数测试、冻融实验和标准固结实验。结果表明,试样在冻融后孔隙比均有大幅度增加。相同固结压力作用下,孔隙比随冻结温度的下降而增大;相同冻结温度条件下,固结压力较小时,试样孔隙比随着冻融循环次数的增加同比增大,随着压力的增加,冻融循环次数对孔隙比的影响不尽明显;试样的压缩性随冻结温度的降低和冻融循环次数的增加而增大;试样的压缩模量随冻结温度的下降和冻融循环次数的增加而逐渐减小,试样压缩变形逐渐增大。     

冻融循环条件下砂岩物理力学劣化特性的实验研究

为研究冻融循环对岩石的物理力学性质劣化影响,选取砂岩为试样进行冻融循环实验、核磁共振实验和单轴压缩声发射实验。研究结果表明:当冻融循环达到30次数时,试样外观首先发生劣化;试样的孔隙率与冻融循环次数呈正相关,而束缚流体饱和度则呈负相关;冻融循环次数的增加会使得试样单轴压缩过程中声发射事件率的变化趋势发生改变、临近破坏时的低事件率缺失面积减小,且在30次时最小;声发射峰值能率随冻融循环次数的增加而减小,"平稳期"平均能率与峰值能率的比值不断增大,在30次冻融循环时达到最高。30次冻融循环可划定为冻融循环作用对岩石试样劣化的分界线。     

冻融循环下土石混合体-混凝土界面剪切特性及孔隙结构演化特征试验研究

为探明冻融循环下寒区土石混合体-混凝土界面强度劣化机制,首先,通过核磁共振(NMR)分层测试获取界面区孔隙结构演化特征;其次,考虑冻融循环次数、含石率、法向应力的影响开展直剪试验,以探究界面剪切力学特性;同时,基于分形理论定量评价界面区孔隙结构特征;最后,结合界面区孔隙结构演化特征与界面强度劣化规律揭示界面强度劣化机理。研究结果表明：土石混合体层及界面层T₂谱分布均有2个峰值,随冻融次数增加向右发生偏移,反映了冻融过程孔隙结构的演化特性;界面剪切应力-位移曲线表现为应变软化型,界面抗剪强度及黏聚力随冻融次数增加呈现急剧下降、反翘、缓慢下降3个阶段;分形维数随冻融次数的增加呈先增大后减小趋势,随含石率的增加而增大;第1次冻融循环后,界面区土颗粒聚集成较大的团聚体,界面层孔隙体积增大,孔隙复杂程度变大,界面整体性下降,经历5次冻融后,团聚的土颗粒逐渐变脆破碎导致骨架塌落、孔隙体积减小,界面处黏结力增大,称第5次冻融循环为骨架结构变形“分水岭”,之后随冻融次数的增加碎石外部的土颗粒逐渐剥落,界面区孔隙体积增大,界面逐渐脱黏劣化。     

CT尺度下冻融岩石细观损伤特性分析

为研究冻融环境下岩石细观损伤演化规律,以红砂岩为研究对象,首先进行冻融循环试验,再对经历0次,5次,10次,20次和40次冻融循环的试样进行CT扫描.采用K均值聚类算法实现了扫描图像的二维孔隙识别;通过三维重构再现了红砂岩的冻融破坏模式,确定了试样的有效承载区,在细观层面实现了对岩石冻融损伤的定量分析.结果表明:通过K均值聚类算法确定阈值,可以有效实现CT图像的二值化;三维重构后的模型可以再现红砂岩试样在冻融过程中的损伤模式以及内部孔隙的发育特征;随冻融循环次数的增加,基于有效承载区定义的损伤变量逐渐增大,并与孔隙的发育趋势一致,能有效地反映冻融循环作用下岩石的损伤演化规律,为冻融岩石细观损伤研究提供了一种切实可行的方法.     

压实黄土力学特性室内试验研究

对山西吕梁某地黄土状填土进行室内试验研究,分析其工程力学特性,对比不同击实能下的击实曲线,表明随击实能增大,最大干密度增大而最优含水量减小.进行室内侧限压缩试验,分析含水量和击实能对压实黄土孔隙比和压缩系数的影响,试验结果表明:含水量越大压缩系数越大,随压力的增加含水量越大的压实黄土孔隙比减小越快;含水量和竖向压力相同时,随着击实能增大,土样孔隙比减小,压缩系数减小.     

压实黄土力学特性室内试验研究

对山西吕梁某地黄土状填土进行室内试验研究,分析其工程力学特性,对比不同击实能下的击实曲线,表明随击实能增大,最大干密度增大而最优含水量减小.进行室内侧限压缩试验,分析含水量和击实能对压实黄土孔隙比和压缩系数的影响,试验结果表明：含水量越大压缩系数越大,随压力的增加含水量越大的压实黄土孔隙比减小越快;含水量和竖向压力相同时,随着击实能增大,土样孔隙比减小,压缩系数减小.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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