丁酸甲烷发酵优势菌群的选育及其丁酸降解特性

选育以产氢产乙酸菌为优势的复合菌群,对于开发基于强化产氢产乙酸菌群功能作用的高效厌氧生物处理技术具有重要意义。研究表明,以厌氧折流板反应器中的厌氧活性污泥为出发菌群,通过丁酸盐培养基的定向培育,可选育到以降解丁酸的产氢产乙酸菌和产甲烷菌为优势的复合菌群。该菌群在初始pH 7.0、初始丁酸浓度9 319 mg/L和35℃等条件下,经过27 d的培养,其丁酸降解率达到95%,平均降解速率为39.2 mg/d,累积产气量为290 mL,丁酸的比产气速率达到3.95 mL/g,发酵气中的CH_4含量为61%,CO_2含量为22%。     

UASB生物制氢反应系统生物强化作用研究

采用上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器,以糖蜜废水为底物,利用厌氧活性污泥发酵产氢.向反应器中投加高产氢微生物产酸克雷伯氏菌HP1,探讨了生物强化作用对反应器产氢能力的影响.研究表明:在污泥接种量为30.0 gVSS/L、启动负荷为6.0 kgCOD/(m3·d)、水力停留时间(HRT)为9 h、投菌量为3%的条件下对生物制氢系统进行强化,可使反应系统产氢能力提高25%,并形成丁酸型发酵产氢,液相末端发酵产物中丁酸和乙酸的含量占挥发酸总含量的63%以上,气相中氢气含量在40%～52%之间,最大产氢量达4.52 L/d.     

活性污泥的热处理及其发酵产氢特性

为消除发酵生物制氢系统接种污泥中的耗氢菌,加速系统的启动进程并提高产氢效能,以易得的城市污水处理厂的好氧活性污泥为对象.通过间歇发酵试验,探讨了经65℃、80℃、95℃、110℃处理后的污泥的产氢特性.葡萄糖间歇发酵试验证明,在初始pH 7.0、葡萄糖浓度10 000 mg/L、污泥接种量2 g MLVSS/L(Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solids,MLVSS,混合液挥发性悬浮固体浓度)等条件下,由热处理后的活性污泥构建的发酵系统,其产氢量均大于未经处理的活性污泥反应系统.其中,经65℃处理过的活性污泥具有更高的发酵产氢性能,在72 h的发酵过程中,其累积产氢量为92.53 mL,活性污泥的比产氢率为8.36 mmolH2/gMLVSS,葡萄糖的氯气转化率达到1.08 mol/mol.处理温度不同,活性污泥发酵葡萄糖的液相末端产物也存在差异,经65℃和80℃处理过的活性污泥,末端发酵产物以丁酸和乙酸为主;经95℃和110℃处理过的活性污泥,则表现为混合酸发酵.活性污泥的热处理,对其中的同型产乙酸菌无抑制作用.     

活性污泥以木糖为碳源产氢发酵的工艺条件

木质纤维素是农作物秸秆的主要组成部分,木糖是木质纤维素水解后的重要单糖之一。本文以木糖为碳源研究了木糖浓度、接种量、发酵温度、和培养基的初始pH值对厌氧污泥发酵产氢量、产氢速率及木糖产氢效率的影响。研究结果表明,木糖浓度、接种量、发酵温度、初始pH值是影响活性污泥发酵产氢的4个重要因素。厌氧污泥发酵产氢的最适木糖浓度为3g／L,最适接种量为25％（体积百分比）,最适初始pH值为7—8,最适温度为35℃。     

光合菌群利用丁酸产氢的初步研究

对影响光合茵群利用丁酸产氢的主要因子:初始细胞浓度、温度、初始pH值、光照强度和丁酸浓度进行了研究.结果表明,光合茵群在初始细胞浓度0.2～O.3 g/L,温度30~40℃,PH 6.0～9.0,光照强度2000～8000 Lx,丁酸浓度6～30 mmol/L的范围内均可以保持较高的产氢效率.当初始细胞浓度为0.3 g/L、温度30℃、初始PH 7.0、光照强度为4000 Lx、丁酸浓度为30 mmol/L时该光合茵群具有最大产氢量364 mL,最大产氢效率5.4 mol-H_2/mol-丁酸和最大产氢速率22.2 mL/L/h.     

ASBR中加载活性炭对葡萄糖厌氧发酵产氢的影响

在初始pH值为6.0、温度为60℃、水力停留时间(HRT)分别为48,24,16,12h条件下研究了粗、细活性炭载体的添加对厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)利用葡萄糖厌氧发酵产氢的影响.结果表明添加活性炭载体能使ASBR系统运行更加稳定(出水pH值和氢气产量波动较小),提高氢气产率(葡萄糖产生的氢气的物质的量)和产氢速率(反应器单位有效体积产生的氢气体积).HRT为48,24,16,12h时细活性炭生物载体的添加使得ASBR反应器氢气产率分别提高65%,63%,54%,56%.HRT为12h时添加细活性炭的ASBR产氢速率达到最大,为(7.09±0.31)L.(L.d)-1,相应的氢气产率为(1.42±0.03)mol.mol-1.主要代谢产物为乙醇、乙酸、丙酸和正丁酸,其中乙酸和正丁酸占出水溶解性代谢产物的质量分数分别高达30%～34%和46%～66%,是典型的丁酸型发酵,加载活性炭可以提高ASBR反应器出水溶解性代谢产物质量浓度.     

高温产氢菌的分离及其发酵木糖产氢特性研究

利用改进的Hungate厌氧技术从堆肥中分离出一株能有效利用木糖发酵产氢的高温菌D22.菌株D22革兰氏染色为阴性、显运动性、产芽孢,有鞭毛.其生长的温度范围是30～71 ℃,最适温度为59 ～61 ℃,耐受pH值范围是4.5～8.0,最适pH值范围是6.5～7.0.菌株D22可以利用淀粉、蔗糖、麦芽糖、果糖、绵子糖、CMC、七叶苷、半乳糖、山梨醇、甘露醇、阿拉伯糖醇、糖原、甘露糖、赤薛糖醇、菊糖等碳源生长并发酵产氢.有机氮源不是其必需的生长因子.D22发酵木糖的终产物为H2、CO2、乙酸和乙醇.系统发育树分析表明菌株D22与Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum相似性最高达98.4%,生理生化特征表明菌株D22应是Thermoanaerobacterium属的一个新菌株.以木糖为碳源时,最佳生长产气碳源浓度是50 mmol/L.在60 ℃,初始pH值为7.0条件下,其氢气的转化率可以达到1.44 mol H2/(mol木糖),最大产氢速率为16.42 mmol H2/(gDW·h-1).     

接种量对泔脚发酵产氢余物甲烷化的强化研究

 以城市生活垃圾厌氧消化污泥为接种物,考察了15％、30％、45％、60％的接种量对泔脚发酵产氢余物中温（36℃）批式厌氧消化的影响。结果表明：泔脚发酵产氢余物的产沼能力随着接种量的增大而增强。结合Gompertz模型拟合结果及理论分析,60%的接种量为泔脚发酵产氢余物沼气化的最佳接种量,其沼气化的延迟时间λ、产甲烷率、生物气中甲烷的最高体积含量分别为：4.37d,388.72mL/g,80.4％。消化结束后,除产沼过程失败的15％接种量以外,厌氧消化余物的pH值在 6.70～7.00之间,这为沼气中甲烷的高体积含量（高于常规厌氧消化的最高甲烷体积含量75%）提供了证据。     

一株产氢产乙酸菌的生长条件及产乙酸特性

在参与有机废水厌氧生物处理的各类微生物菌群中,产氢产乙酸菌群在功能生态位上起着承上启下的作用,对产氢产乙酸过程的强化,将有助于提高厌氧生物处理系统的效能。在前期研究中,通过丙酸和丁酸混合培养基,从厌氧活性污泥中筛选到一株双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterim)的产氢产乙酸菌AX3。间歇培养试验结果表明,菌株AX3可在pH7.0、30℃条件下获得最佳增殖,不仅对丁酸和丙酸具有很高的乙酸转化率,同时也可发酵多种双糖和淀粉,并产生一定数量的乙酸。作为氮源,氯化铵比尿素更能有效地促进菌株AX3的增殖。     

Mg~(2+)浓度对混合细菌发酵产氢的影响

为了得到混合细菌发酵产氢的最佳Mg2+浓度,以10g/L的葡萄糖为底物,进行了间歇实验。结果表明,在反应温度为35℃和初始pH为7.0的条件下,当Mg2+浓度为0~1mg/L时,混合细菌发酵葡萄糖的累积产氢量、比产氢量和生物量随着Mg2+浓度的增加而增加。当Mg2+浓度为1 mg/L时,最大累积产氢量为233.6 mL,单位质量的葡萄糖最大比产氢量为238.9mL/g,单位质量葡萄糖最大生物量为204.0mg/g。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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