绝热量热法测量比热容的实验研究

建立了精密自动绝热比热容实验台，可用于２４０～４００Ｋ温度范围的比热容测量，用兰宝石（固体α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３）进行了检验，测量结果与标准值的偏差不大于０．１６％；用液体正庚烷进行检验，测量结果与标准值的偏差不大于０．２８％，在此基础上测量了丁苯橡胶合成过程中终止剂溶液的比热容数据，为大型丁苯橡胶合成装置的建造提供了基础物性数据。     

考虑热探针接触热阻的热物性测量方法研究

提出了基于考虑接触热阻的热探针导热微分方程的精确解,利用蒙特卡罗反演和分层修正的热探针热物性测量方法,可以同时测量热导率、比热容等热物性参数.利用该方法,对一些液体和固体材料的热导率进行了测量,并与其他测量方法的结果进行了分析与比较.结果表明,采用该方法所得热导率具有较高的精度,平均测量误差约为1.1%;进而针对比热容反演精度较低的问题,论文采用分层修正方法后,比热容的平均测量误差可达到2.6%,精度有了较大提高.对测量结果进行比较发现,接触热阻对固体热导率影响较大,对液体热导率的影响可以忽略;接触热阻对比热容的测量结果的影响不大.     

双次热冷法用于比热容的高精度测量

提出了一种双次热冷法用于比热容的准确测量.该方法通过对测量系统空载时和放置待测样品时加热和冷却过程中的温度序列进行处理从而计算出比热容,可有效补偿散热因素对测量结果的影响,显著提高测量精度.以小样品水为例进行了比热容测量实验,在正常的散热环境下测量误差小于1%.结果表明:双次热冷法适用于对误差有一定要求的小样品比热容测量,设备简单、操作方便,配合其他测量方法可实现范围更广、精度更高的比热容测量.     

准稳态理论测量融解热及比热容的实验研究

基于准稳态理论，建立了准稳态量热器，可用于常压下250～400K物质的融解热、固相和液相比热容的实验测量．利用量热学中测定比热容的标准物质正庚烷对量热器进行了标定，用标定后的量热器测量了水的比热容，用于检验量热器的准确性和可靠性，测量结果与文献值比较偏差不大于1％，利用文中建立的准稳态量热器，测量了石蜡的融解热、固相及液相比热容，这些数据可用于空调冷凝器蓄热系统的设计和计算。     

微桥量热计测量铝薄膜热容

用表面硅微加工工艺研制了一种用于薄膜热容测量的新型微桥量热计,热性能测试与分析表明,微桥量热计温度响应快,温度均匀性较好,采用脉冲量热法,通过测量量热计的热功耗、瞬态温度以及稳态热功耗,可计算量热计和样品薄膜的热容．在真空中300～420K测量了40～1150nm厚的Al薄膜热容,并测量了样品的贡量,获得了样品的比热容,1150nm厚的Al薄膜比热容与Al体材料比热容的文献值吻合较好．随着厚度的减小,Al薄膜的比热容增强,这种现象在高温时更为显著．     

关于Clement-Desarmes方法测量空气的比热容比的原理商讨

对用 Clement-Desarmes方法测量空气比热容比的实验原理进行了商讨，并给出了实验过程中正确的 P-V图.     

悬移质含沙量的比热容测量方法

总结分析悬移质含沙量测量方法的代表性成果,评述各种测沙方法的适用性和突出优缺点。在此基础上,提出基于比热容原理测量含沙量的方法。该方法利用改制的比热容测量仪测定不同含沙量水体的比热容,建立含沙量与比热容之间的相互关系,进而通过测量浑水的比热容来确定水体含沙量。研究结果表明：水体含沙量与浑水比热容呈明显的负线性关系,可采用测量浑水比热容的方法来确定水体的含沙量;含沙量的测量精度与浑水比热容的测量精度密切相关。该方法从热学的角度研究水体的含沙量,旨在为泥沙动力学的研究提供新思路。     

关于Clement—Desarmes方法测量空气的比热容比的原理商讨

对用Clement-Desarmes方法测量空气比热容比的实验原理进行了商讨，并给出了实验过程中正确的ρ－V图。     

室温离子液体[Emim]BF4及其水溶液体系的比热容测定

在温度为298.15～343.15K,质量分数为25%～100%的条件下,采用Calvet微量量热仪测 定了室温离子液体四氟硼酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑([Emim]BF₄)及其水溶液体系的比热容。建立了该体系的比热容与温度和浓度的经验关联式,并比较了该体系的差示扫描量热计(DSC)所测得的实验数据和现象。研究认为Calvet微量量热法更适于测量含挥发性溶剂的体系。     

对空气比热容比测定实验的研究

文章通过使用气体比热容比测定仪就仪器的烧瓶容积、大气压强以及空气湿度对空气比热容比测定的影响进行了研究，得出了以下结论：凡仪器的烧瓶容积大小与设计值(2645ml)一致或接近的仪器，其比热容比的误差较小，反之，其比热容比的误差较大；大气压强对比热容比的测定无影响；空气相对湿度大的其比热容比的测量值就会变小。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~