脱墨废水的混凝——活性污泥的处理

对脱墨废水采用混凝—活性污泥处理效果进行了研究,结果表明：脱墨废水经过混凝处理,可使BOD5、CODcr和SS的去除率达到64.44%、72.21%和73.93%,混凝后的脱墨废水再经活性污泥处理,其BOD5和 CODcr的去除率达到89%和60%。处理后的废水可循环回用并完全达到国家GWPB2—1999所规定的排放要求。     

含酚废水的太阳光/Fenton氧化预处理技术

研究了模拟含酚废水的太阳光/Fenton 氧化预处理技术.结果表明,含酚废水经过适当程度的太阳光/Fenton氧化预处理后,不仅可去除废水的部分COD,还可显著提高废水的混凝性能及可生化性.COD为710.4 mg/L的苯酚废水,直接进行混凝处理时,COD的去除率仅为14.3%,单纯采用太阳光/Fenton氧化处理(氧化剂H2O2的用量为150mg/L)时COD去除率为32%,而采用太阳光/Fenton氧化预处理— 混凝法联合工艺处理后,COD的去除率可达到62.1%,远大于单纯混凝与单纯太阳光/Fenton氧化处理效果之和.实验结果还表明适当程度的太阳光/Fenton 氧化预处理可明显提高苯酚废水的可生化性,使废水的 BOD5/CODCr比值由0.10提高到0.32.     

化工行业含腈废水深度处理技术研究

内外对湿法腈纶生产的含腈废水深度处理进行了大量的试验研究,处理方法主要有：化学法（化学混凝、化学氧化以及微电解）;生物法（SBR法、生物接触氧化法、好氧生化法、酸化法预处理、生物滤塔和添加特殊菌种）;物理化学法（微孔过滤和吸附）。     

混凝气浮结合复合生物接触氧化法处理宰杀废水

分析、总结了采用混凝气浮结合复合生物接触氧化法处理宰杀废水的工程设计、调试和实际运行情况。实践表明,混凝气浮结合复合生物接触氧化发处理宰杀废水是行之有效的。     

混凝-Fenton试剂对印染废水的处理

研究了混凝-Fenton氧化法对两种不同模拟水样的处理效果,筛选了最佳的混凝条件及氧化条件.试验结果表明,混凝-Fenton氧化法对亲水性染料和疏水性染料废水都适合;pH值对混凝-Fenton氧化法影响较大,混凝的适宜pH值为8~10,而Fenton法氧化的适宜pH值为3左右;废水CODCr与色度去除率分别达到90%和95%以上.     

混凝-催化氧化法处理造纸废水的研究

采用混凝-催化氧化法处理造纸废水,讨论了在25 ℃,混凝过程中聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)、Al2(SO4)3的加入量、混凝时间及催化氧化反应中溶液的pH值、铁屑加入量、H2O2的加入量、反应时间等主要因素对废水中COD去除率的影响. 结果表明,造纸废水经过混凝-催化氧化法处理后,废水中COD、SS、色度主要污染物去除率达97.0%、98.1%、98.8%,各项指标超过一级排放标准,水质可以完全回收利用,为造纸废水的处理提供了新的技术方案.图3,表7,参8.     

染料生产废水处理工艺探讨

染料生产废水可生化性差,好氧生物处理不能使出水达到200rmg@L-1的排放标准.通过测定废水的耗氧速率、30天CODcr降解以及进行生化、化学混凝沉淀、化学氧化及活性炭吸附处理研究,认为混凝沉淀和氧化不可能有效去除有机物,活性炭可以大幅度降低出水有机物浓度,但成本及再生费用较高.对该染料废水进行预处理后,再进行好氧处理可以有效去除有机物,使出水符合排放标准,而且费用较省.     

马晓鸥高级工程师主持的项目荣获2005年度广东省科技进步奖三等奖

我校化工系马晓鸥高级工程师主持的项目:厌氧-化学氧化-混凝气浮法处理乳化液废水,荣获2005年度广东省科技进步奖三等奖.该项目主要技术要点是:(1)通过厌氧生化过程破坏废水中乳化剂、机械油等大分子有机物的分子结构,并使部分有机物分解,达到破乳和降低COD的双重功效;(2)采用化学氧化法对厌氧消化后废水中有机物的分子结构进行破坏或重整,使之成为能被混凝剂高效凝聚的物质;(3)采用了新型高效混凝剂,混凝效率高,生成的“矾花”大而密实;(4)通过气浮过程高效去除废水中已凝聚成“矾花”的污染物,并使水中残余的呈溶解态的有机物进一步氧化…     

染料中间体废水处理的试验研究

采用混凝－电解－催化氧化－生化工艺进行染料中间体生产废水处理试验,试验结果表明：经混凝、电解、催化氧化及水解酸化工序后,废水的可生化性显著提高,经好氧化生处理后的水质指标符合国家有关排放标准,废水中CODcr总去除率可达97％以上。     

水解酸化—A/o—化学混凝沉淀法处理印染废水的研究

纺织印染废水水质变化大、色度高,采用水解酸化—A/o—化学混凝沉淀法处理此类废水,各项污染物的去除率高,有较强的耐冲击负荷能力,处理效果稳定,处理费用较低。     

用于造纸废水处理的膜分离技术研究进展

膜分离技术是近年发展起来的一门高新技术,在造纸废水处理方面具有广阔的应用前景。文章介绍了膜分离技术的工作机理、特点以及国内外在造纸废水处理方面的研究进展。另外,对膜分离技术在应用过程中出现的问题进行了讨论,并提出了可能的解决方案。     

DASB反应器对脱墨废水降解特性的影响

为研究降流式厌氧污泥床(DASB)对脱墨废水降解特性的影响,采用DASB反应器对某造纸厂的脱墨废水进行厌氧处理。考察了脱墨废水的化学需氧量(COD)质量浓度、COD去除率、pH值和混合液悬浮固体(MLSS)值的变化,以及厌氧污泥的特性。结果表明,DASB反应器在处理脱墨废水的启动阶段,对COD的去除率稳定在62%左右,启动效果较好;在负荷运行阶段,COD的平均去除率较高;在进水中投放NaHCO3可调整反应器的酸化现象,并且在运行过程中各个格室的MLSS有缓慢增加的趋势,最终处于稳定状态。通过此试验,明晰了DASB反应器在环境温度条件下的启动过程,从而更好地进行反应器的运行控制,实现运行过程优化,并且为DASB反应器处理有机废水提供了重要依据。     

ENZYMATIC DEINKING AGENTS FOR MIXED OFFICE WASTEPAPER

With the development of papermaking industry, pollution and energy shortage have been receiving more and more concerns recently. Because raw material for papermaking are becoming scarcer and scarcer around all over the world, secondary fiber has become one of the absolutely necessary materials. As a new sort of reclaiming wastepaper, MOW (mixed office wastepaper) has received much concern in recent years. [1-4] But because of the peculiarities of toners used in electrostatic printed paper and…     

不同脱墨方式对二次纤维孔隙结构和结晶性能的影响

采用X射线衍射和等温氮吸附法研究了废旧新闻纸(ONP)在不同脱墨方式下孔隙结构和结晶性能的变化,并运用分形理论对纤维的孔隙结构进行了分析.等温氮吸附实验发现,ONP浆经过中性、碱法和酶法脱墨后,其BET比表面积、BJH孔容及BJH平均孔径变化不大.分形分析发现,脱墨前后纤维的分形维数相近,说明三种脱墨方式对纤维的孔隙结构影响较小. X射线衍射实验发现ONP浆经过中性、碱法和酶法脱墨后,结晶度下降,碱法脱墨浆纤维结晶度下降最大,达12.24%,中性脱墨浆下降6.12%,酶法脱墨浆下降最少仅0.77%.研究中还发现,经过脱墨后,纤维的保水值有所增大,其中碱法脱墨浆纤维增加最大,中性脱墨浆次之,酶法脱墨浆最小.     

ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN FACTORS AFFECTING SECONDARY FIBER DEINKING

1.INTRDUCTIONChina is a country which lack of abundant wood material for papermaing,the nonwood fiber has been the main material in many pulping and papermaking factories in China. Presently, because of environmental and economic reasons, the nonwood fiber pulping especially wheat straw and rice straw pulping have been restricted in some area, and the nonwood pulping is face to a atrophy situation gradually in some area in China. Waste paper is a important secondary fiber material for Chi…     

FLOTATION DEINKING AGENTS FOR ONP RECLAIMING

Wastepaper reclaiming has received more and more concerns in recent years, and the related science and technology are becoming one of the most research hotspots in China. As an old kind of reclaimed wastepaper, ONP (old newsprint) has many advantages, for example, inks are easy to be separated and removed. Washing deinking, which demands much water consumed, is the main method for ONP reclaiming. But in China many paper mills are affected by lack of water, so they have to select flotation d…     

STUDY ON THE COLLOID CHEMISTRY BEHAVIOR IN THE ONP DEINKING SYSTEM

1.INTRODUCTIONWith the great rising of secondary fiber in today’s paper market, people has been paying more and more attention to the technology of recycling the secondary fiber. However, in today’s world, the basal study of waste paper deinking is not enough. People lack the systemic cognition of different secondary fiber’s recycling. In this paper, from study on the physical-chemistry behavior in the DIP, we mainly researched the colloid chemical behavior of the pulp coarse disper…     

ENZYMATIC DEINKING OF OLD NEWSPRINT WITH CELLULASES AND XYLANASE

The enzymatic deinking and fiber modification of old newsprint (ONP) with several cellulases and xylanase were investigated and the suitable enzyme candidates were selected for ONP deinking in this paper. The results demonstrated that the cellulases and hemicellulases could significantly improve the deinking efficiency and fiber modification.Moreover, the synergistic effects of Novozym342 and xylanase (HC) can further enhance the deinking performance, reduce the dirt count and improve the brightness of resulting pulp. Additionally, compared to deinked pulps, obtained from conventional chemical materials, enzymatically deinked pulps had better bleachability, and the brightness of the bleached pulp reached 59.1% ISO, 9% ISO higher than the unbleached pulp.     

THE DEINKING OF NON-IMPACT PRINTED PAPER BY COMBINING ENZYME WITH MECHANICAL ACTION

We studied an enzymatic deinking process of non-impact printed paper which was carried out in batch equipment, similar to Valley beater. The equipment can provide suitable forces to cause toner separation from fiber rather than fiber damage. The factors that influenced the deinking efficiency included beating time, pressure between rotating bars and bottom bars, enzyme properties such as dosage,cellulase activity, temperature, pH, etc. Beating time and enzyme type and enzyme dosage was investigated in detail. The deinked pulp was brighter and cleaner. The drainage property also can be controlled by adjusting enzyme dosage and mechanical action strength. Combining enzyme with mechanical action provides the best deinking effects,not enzyme alone. In the meantime, mechanism of enzymatic deinking was discussed depending on the deinked pulp properties.