聚氨酯改性混凝土材料探讨

已有研究表明与普通水泥砂浆相比,采用相同水灰比的聚氨酯水泥砂浆可以获得较好的耐久性。本文把聚氨酯作为混凝土改性材料,经初步研究发现,掺入聚氨酯的混凝土坍落度损失增大,向混凝土中加入聚羧酸减水剂解决了这一问题。本文通过试验以抗压强度为指标初步优化了聚氨酯改性混凝土的养护条件和加料顺序。此外,加入到混凝土中的匀泡剂由于对聚氨酯有极优异的乳化能力,有可能形成了极细的泡孔和狭窄的孔径分布以及极高的闭孔率,可以提高聚氨酯混凝土的耐久性。本文选择了不同厂家提供的甲、乙两种匀泡剂并进行强度试验,以抗压强度为指标选择强度较高一种的应用于聚氨酯改性混凝土。     

一种新型双弹簧、双活塞本构模型在聚合物黏弹性质描述中的应用研究

推导了双弹簧、双活塞黏弹性力学模型的本构方程.在CETR UMT-2型试验机及LKDM-2000轮廓摩擦磨损仪上考察了尼龙PA66、聚四氟乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚甲醛和聚醚型聚氨酯等材料的静态蠕变特性、松弛特性.分别利用标准线性固体模型和新型本构模型对实验材料的蠕变、松弛特性进行了表征.实验事实及理论计算结果表明,相对于标准线性固体模型而言,该力学模型能更好地反映聚合物材料的蠕变、松弛等黏弹性质.     

添加羰基铁粉的聚氨酯泡沫特征参数辨识及低频吸声性能研究

探究羰基铁粉添加和聚醚多元醇与异氰酸酯不同比例对聚氨酯泡沫的物理特征参数和低频吸声性能的影响,旨在改善传统聚氨酯泡沫的低频吸声效果.首先基于JCA(Johnson-Champoux-Allard)模型,采用最小二乘法估算磁性聚氨酯泡沫的物理特征参数(流阻率、孔隙率、曲折率、黏性特征长度、热性特征长度),同时基于传递函数法,利用双通道阻抗管,测量聚氨酯/磁性聚氨酯泡沫在64~1600 Hz的吸声性能.结果表明,相同比例聚醚多元醇与异氰酸酯的聚氨酯/磁性聚氨酯泡沫,羰基铁粉的加入会明显改变聚氨酯泡沫的特征参数,其中流阻率和孔隙率均增加,增加范围分别为82.9%~211.3%和0.8%~5.3%,曲折率降低范围为32.7%~74.5%,黏性特征长度降低范围为81.4%~94.0%,但热性特征长度无明显变化.同时在64~500 Hz范围内的低频吸声性能均显著改善,特别是聚醚多元醇与异氰酸酯比例为100:60时,因加入羰基铁粉,使得磁性聚氨酯泡沫与聚氨酯泡沫相比,其低频吸声性能能够提高64%.该新型智能磁性聚氨酯泡沫有望通过调整特征参数来满足不同频段吸声的功能需求,可对智能吸声降噪器件的优化设计提供一定的参考价值.     

聚醚型PU微胶囊的血液相容性研究

采用预聚-扩链-中和-分散溶解法,一步合成出聚氨酯（PU）水溶液,运用凝聚相分离法合成出PU微胶囊。以新鲜人血与3．8％的枸橼酸钠溶液配制成抗凝血,将PU材料与血液接触,测定其血小板消耗率;采集新鲜人血,与血液保存液（ACD）配制成ACD血液,使PU材料与ACD血液接触,动态地观察材料对凝血时间的影响,测定动态凝血时间;同样以新鲜人血与2％草酸钾溶液配制威抗凝血,用生理盐水稀释制得新鲜稀释抗凝血,测试PU材料与血液接触一定时间后,血液中红细胞释放出的血红蛋白量,得该种材料的溶血率,发现PU材料的血小板消耗率为17．99％,符合与血液接触材料使用的要求;所测PU材料的动态凝血时间为74min（接近阴性对照长的动态凝血时间78min）,说明材料引发的凝血少,具有较好的抗凝血性能;PU材料的溶血率为2．17％（小于规定值5％）,该材料对红细胞的破坏作用很小：由此说明PU微胶囊材料具有很好的血液相容性．可以作为与血液接触的植入材料.     

聚氨酯(PU)改性TDE-85/ MeTHPA体系的固化工艺研究

本实验选用聚醚二元醇（PPG）、甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）作为原料,合成了聚醚型聚氨酯预聚体.采用该预聚体、扩链剂、交联剂对TDE-85/甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐（MeTHPA）树脂体系进行改性,通过红外光谱和示差扫描量热法（DSC）分析,探讨与确定了聚氨酯改性环氧树脂体系固化工艺条件.研究表明：设计的聚氨酯（PU）改性TDE-85/ MeTHPA树脂体系的合适的固化工艺条件为：120℃/2h＋140℃/2h＋160℃/2h.在该固化工艺制度条件下,PU改性TDE-85/ MeTHPA体系固化反应完全.     

REVEYRON公司推出控制细菌风险的基本工具

多年来,REVEYRON公司始终与法国国家机构及私营试验室合作,开发新产品。2002年底,他们推出了FPS——食品加工保障系列产品,其革新之处在于为用户提供一体式100％聚氨酯85和92白蓝色加强型传送带。确定食品加工保障的因素有:传送带使用100％的聚氨酯,底面带有防护设     

应用超临界流体技术制备聚苯胺/聚氨酯导电复合材料

采用超临界流体技术和原位聚合法合成了聚苯胺-聚氨酯导电复合材料.本法由超临界流体插嵌技术向聚氨酯基体树脂中引入苯胺单体和后期的氧化掺杂技术组成,扫描电镜、电导率测定和热重TGA实验都显示了导电复合物的合成,并且在低压条件下制备得到的产品具有更高的电导性能.总体上复合材料的电导率在10-4～10-3S/cm范围.     

梯度结构热电材料的研究进展

为了提高单体热电材料的热电性能,将几种单体热电材料连接起来制备成梯度结构的热电材料,不仅解决了材料应用温区狭窄的问题,而且能够极大地提高材料的热电转换效率。本文介绍了梯度热电材料的研究基础、设计和优化方法,对梯度热电材料研究进展进行了综合分析并指出分段式热电材料在提高热电性能方面更具发展优势。     

基于弹性力学的超构材料

近年来以微结构为基本构造单元的人工超构材料,由于具有自然材料所不具备的可设计的奇异物性,在材料学、声学、光学、电磁学以及信息能源等领域具有巨大的发展潜力.超构材料的研究脱胎于电磁超构材料,但是近年来在声学、热学、静电、静磁学以及弹性力学领域取得了飞跃的发展,大大拓展了超构材料的研究领域.借助Milton图重点阐述了基于弹性力学的新型超构材料的超常特性及其主要类别：例如具有负的质量密度和负弹性模量的声学超构材料,具有负泊松比的拉胀超构材料,具有剪切模量G=0的反胀超构材料,以及高强度的超轻材料等新奇的人工超构材料.不仅如此,还结合变换力学着重描述了声波和弹性波在这类弹性力学超构材料中的传播特性,以及详细阐述了负弹性参数超构材料界面的声表面波的特征及其物理效应.最后结合弹性力学超构材料在我国的研究现状,对利用弹性力学超构材料和声波超构材料操纵弹性波和声波的传播以及开发设计新型弹性力学超构材料等问题作了总结与展望,希望推进此类材料在诸多研究领域的应用.     

三维有序大孔材料的合成及应用

胶晶模板法是制备三维有序大孔(3DOM)材料较理想的方法,制备过程一般包括组装胶晶模板、往模板间隙内填充前驱物和去掉模板及前驱物转化等3个步骤。每一步都对产物的三维有序大孔结构有很大的影响。这种材料兼具固体材料本身和有序结构两种特性,在用作光子晶体、载体、电极材料、气敏元件和分离材料等方面具有潜在应用性。本文着重介绍了大孔材料的合成及应用。     

Characterization and antithrombotic action of tissue plasminogen activator

Summary An extractive fibrinolytic enzyme has been characterized and found to belong to the class of vascular plasminogen activators. The agent has been found to have an antithrombotic action in the rabbit.Provided by Dr L. Dussourd d'Hinterland, Laboratoires Pierre Fabre, Castres, France. 1000 units have a fibrinolytic activity of about 15 PU urokinase.     

混凝土材料非线性多轴动态强度准则

将广义非线性强度理论的4个材料参数转化为混凝土材料的基本强度参数,通过混凝土材料的基本强度特性,分析了4个材料参数的变化规律与取值范围.基于S准则建立了混凝土材料4个基本强度参数的率效应表达式,建立了混凝土材料的非线性多轴动态强度准则,分析了动态强度参数的率效应规律,结果表明,混凝土材料的强度特性随着应变率的提高,逐渐向金属材料的强度特性过渡,在应变率从-3~3,应变率对混凝土动态强度的影响较大,并且动强度不是随着应变率的提高无限增大的,而是存在动强度峰值.通过与3组双轴压-压和2组双轴拉-压动态加载时混凝土材料试验结果的比较,表明非线性多轴动态强度准则可较好地描述混凝土材料双轴动强度规律.在同一应变率下,可较好地描述强度的非线性特性;不同应变率下,动强度面互不相交,即应变率效应与多轴应力状态对强度规律不存在耦合影响.     

21世纪冶金和材料制备学的发展及对策

21世纪中冶金学及材料制备学的发展在于两个方向。其一是信息论冶金学和材料制备学；其二是在若干外加物理场综合作用下的7台金和材料制备过程。前者意在创建冶金学及材料制备学的一个新的高度。所以，由基础研究到过程控制有5个平台包含在此概念之中。关于第二个方向，本文讨论了超强磁场、脉冲电磁场、脉冲电流、超声波、等离子体以及离子选择性高效透过膜的应用可能性。对企业的发展提出了一个建议：应懂得技术储备的重要。     

泡沫铝／环氧树脂复合材料压缩力学行为的仿真分析

根据所制备的开孔泡沫铝／环氧树脂复舍材料的结构特点,对其材料结构进行了合理的简化。在此基础上采用ANSYS／KS—DYNA软件对该材料的压缩力学行为进行有限元仿真分析;得出了该材料在压缩过程中的变形和失效过程以及应力-应变关系随其结构参数（泡沫铝孔径、泡沫铝相等密度）及应变率的变化规律。如上规律与已有文献的物理实验研究结果相一致,从而证明了该仿真方法的合理可行性,为泡沫铝孔洞填充复合材料的性能研究提供了一种新方法。     

Nuclease for DNA apurinic sites in chicken liver

Summary Chicken liver crude extract produced acid-soluble diphenylamine-positive material in the presence of depurinated and alkylated DNA, while the formation of such material from normal and single stranded DNA was comparatively low. The maximum acid-soluble material produced was not increased further by alkali, indicating that the enzymatic action is mostly directed towards apurinic sites.Acknowledgment. The authors are grateful to Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India, for financial assistance to one of us (R. Y. R.).     

Museums and scientific material culture at the University of Toronto

Since its foundation in the mid-nineteenth century, the University of Toronto has accumulated a substantial number of historically-significant scientific objects. As Canada’s largest research university, much of this material is of national significance. Despite numerous attempts since the late 1970s to establish a universal policy for the preservation and safeguarding of scientific apparatus, the survival of Toronto’s scientific material heritage has depended partly on the initiatives of dedicated individuals, partly on luck.The following examination seeks a comprehensive history of the material culture of science at the University, focussing on scientific instrumentation and natural history collections. It examines the circumstances under which some material survives and traces efforts to develop a curated collection, concluding with some recent progress in acquiring storage and developing an online catalogue. It argues that early university science museums formed an important venue through which the University fulfilled its public function of studying the frontier and assisting the expansion of the colonies. The display and interpretation of scientific material culture had an important impact on the University’s early history.     

Epistemic benefits of the material theory of induction

C. D. Broad famously labelled the problem of providing our inductive practices with a proper justification “the scandal of philosophy” (Broad, 1952). Recently, John Norton has provided a dissolution of this problem (2014). According to Norton, inductive inference is grounded in particular facts obtaining within particular domains (J. Norton, 2003b, 2010, 2014). Because the material theory does not involve a universal schema of induction, Norton claims it dissolves the problem of induction (which implies that such universal schemas cannot be justified).In this paper, I critically evaluate Norton's dissolution. In particular, I argue that the problem of induction is an epistemological problem, that Norton's material theory entails an externalist epistemology, and that it is a common feature of such epistemologies that they dissolve the problem of induction. The upshot is that the material theory is not unique in its ability to reap the specifically epistemic benefits of dissolving the problem of induction, and thus that the epistemic advantages of the material theory over extant alternatives in this regard are fewer than it may appear at first sight.     

Inference to the best explanation and Norton's material theory of induction

I argue that we should consider Norton's material theory of induction as consisting of two largely independent claims. First, there is the claim that material facts license inductions - a claim which I interpret as a type of contextualism about induction. Second, there is the claim that there are no universal rules of induction. While a good case can be made for the first claim, I believe that Norton's arguments for the second claim are lacking. In particular, I spell out Norton's argument against the claim that all induction may be reduced to inference to the best explanation, and argue that it is not persuasive. Rejecting this part of Norton's theory does not however require us to abandon the first claim that material facts license inductions. In this way, I distinguish the parts of the material theory of induction we should happily accept from the parts about which we should be more skeptical.     

Neurosecretory control of Corpora allata activity in cockroach,Periplaneta americana L.

Summary The brain neurosecretory material is involved in the control of Corpora allata activity during post-embryonic development. A high concentration of neurosecretory material within the Corpora allata restrains the activity of the gland.