自生热泡沫体系在多孔介质中协同作用机制

自生热泡沫体系是将自生热体系和泡沫流体相结合得到的体系。设计研发自生热泡沫多孔介质反应测量装置,包括注入系统、测量系统及出口计量系统,用于研究自生热泡沫体系在多孔介质中的作用机制。研究表明:自生热泡沫体系在多孔介质中呈现出化学反应与泡沫的协同作用,泡沫可以调节化学反应温度分布,使化学反应产热均匀加热岩心,并延缓后续热量散失;利用化学药剂在地层中反应产生泡沫,可以增强泡沫封堵性能;在岩心内部,化学反应程度随渗透率增加而增加,最高反应程度约50%,但泡沫不影响化学反应程度。通过理论计算验证了试验结果的正确性,该体系尤其适用于海上稠油开采。     

石油树脂悬浮体调剖剂性能及其堵水机制

针对传统冻胶类调剖体系在高温高盐油藏中稳定性差、封堵效率低、无机类调剖剂油水选择性差的问题,采用不同软化点的石油树脂,制备石油树脂悬浮体调剖体系,分别通过物模驱替实验考察该体系对油、水两相的选择性封堵性能,进而通过高温流变性实验和高温高压下的微观形貌分析验证其堵水机制。结果表明:石油树脂悬浮体调剖体系具有良好的油水选择性,对于渗透率大于8μm~2的水层具有较好的封堵性能,封堵率大于80%,而对油层伤害率仅为5.29%;对于级差为3.0的填砂管,随着石油树脂悬浮体注入量的增加高、低渗层的流量比逐渐降低,当注入0.5V_P(V_P为孔隙体积)调剖剂后高、低渗层的分流量比小于1,发生反转;当环境温度大于树脂软化点后,石油树脂转变为牛顿流体,其黏度随着温度的升高而降低,但在150℃下整体黏度仍然大于2.2 Pa·s,石油树脂可以通过吸附在多孔介质表面依靠其黏滞力起到堵水的作用。     

TY-W颗粒调剖剂的性能评价

对TY-W颗粒调剖剂进行了性能评价,结果表明随着调剖剂段塞的增大,封堵率和残余阻力系数逐渐增加,其封堵率为96.1%,渗透率越小,在注入相同段塞条件下其残余阻力系数和封堵率越大。连续驱替30PV的注入水后,水相渗透率保持不变,耐冲刷性能良好。物理模拟岩心调剖效果实验表明,中、低渗透层最终采收率比水驱结束时分别提高了6.22%和13.17%。     

定位调堵-泡沫复合驱替技术增产效果及其影响因素分析

陆相沉积疏松砂岩地层非均质性强,经过长期水冲刷后,非均质性进一步增强,泡沫由于自身特性在一定程度上可以调整吸液剖面;但对于非均质强的地层,泡沫在窜流通道中突进,造成无效驱替,因此需要与调剖技术组合应用。利用三层非均质岩心模拟高渗透率强非均质性油藏,研究调剖泡沫组合技术在不同渗透率级差、不同调剖时机条件下的增产效果。实验结果表明,渗透率级差为40时,组合体系仍然具有很好的采出效果;调剖时机对增产效果影响较小,研究思路和结果优化了调剖泡沫组合技术,为现场降水增油措施和提高采收率方案制定提供参考依据。     

清洁泡沫自转向酸转向机理研究

通过室内实验评价了一种新型清洁泡沫自转向酸;并利用并联岩心分流试验装置进行分流实验,研究了岩心渗透率大小、级差以及温度对清洁泡沫自转向酸转向效果的影响。实验结果表明:在170 s-1剪切速率下,初始黏度为21 mPa·s,与碳酸盐岩反应后黏度最高升至273 mPa·s。当温度小于60℃时,温度对酸液体系泡沫半衰期的影响较小;但在温度高于60℃后,泡沫稳定性迅速下降,100℃时泡沫半衰期仅为2.9 min。随着并联岩心渗透率级差的增加,低渗岩心渗透率改造率逐渐降低,转向效果下降;在相同渗透率级差下,岩心渗透率越小转向效果越差;当温度大于60℃时,该酸液体系转向效果大幅度下降。     

稠油油藏高温泡沫调剖体系室内实验研究

针对胜利油田稠油油藏蒸汽驱后期含水升高、油汽比降低、开发效益变差的矛盾,开展了适用高温稠油油藏的泡沫调剖体系研究。从泡沫的结构和稳定机理的出发,筛选、研制了适用高温稠油油藏的泡沫调剖体系,考查了温度、盐度对泡沫稳定性的影响并进行了室内封堵性研究。实验结果表明,研制的泡沫体系在油藏条件下具有良好的稳定性和封堵性,能满足稠油油藏高温调剖的需要,为矿场实验提供了理论依据。     

蒸汽氮气泡沫调驱实验研究

针对蒸汽驱驱油过程中存在的蒸汽超覆、汽窜等问题,进行了渗透率及含油饱和度对平面调剖效果影响的室内实验研究。不同渗透率对平面调剖效果的影响实验表明,注蒸汽同时注入N2泡沫体系,可以增大低渗透岩心的波及体积,从而提高原油采收率;不同含油饱和度对平面调剖效果的影响实验表明,蒸汽伴注N2泡沫对次生水体和平面高渗透层具有良好的封堵能力。     

泡沫封堵能力试验研究

借助岩心驱替流程试验,研究了含油模型水驱之后注泡沫、复合泡沫及聚合物驱后注单一泡沫、复合泡沫的泡沫体系封堵能力,结果表明,单一泡沫驱在水驱残余油条件下,难以形成有效的封堵,而复合泡沫体系在各种残余油条件下均能形成有效的封堵调剖能力,证明复合泡沫体系是一种性能良好的调剖驱油剂。     

SiO_2纳米颗粒稳定的泡沫体系驱油性能研究

利用Warning Blender方法测定SiO2+SDS泡沫体系的泡沫性能,确定SiO2纳米颗粒的最佳使用浓度,并研究不同温度和矿化度对泡沫性能的影响。利用岩心驱替实验装置对比SDS和SiO2+SDS两种不同泡沫体系对岩心的封堵、调剖和驱油性能。利用微观可视化玻璃刻蚀模型,对比水驱、SDS泡沫体系以及SiO2+SDS泡沫体系对盲端油的驱替效果。室内实验结果表明,SiO2+SDS泡沫体系比单一SDS泡沫体系具有更强的稳定性,能够明显提高泡沫的封堵、调剖及驱油能力,增加盲端油的驱替效果。     

华庆油田元284区空气泡沫调驱实验研究

针对华庆油田元284区微裂缝相对发育、水驱效果差的特点,拟采用空气泡沫驱进行水驱后进一步提高采收率,为此,通过模拟研究区实际的油藏特点,进行了泡沫流动实验,研究了气液比、渗透率、温度、注入流速、渗透率级差等因素对泡沫在多孔介质中的流动阻力的影响.结果表明,最佳的注入气液比是1∶1,注入流速是20 m3/d,泡沫流体在多孔介质中的阻力因子随着渗透率的增大而增大,随着含油饱和度的增加而降低,含油饱和度超过30%时,泡沫将无法形成较好的封堵.泡沫流体的这种特性可以使其在剩余油饱和度较低的高渗透层及微裂缝内形成较好的封堵,从而起到调驱的作用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that