人类终极能源梦——太阳光分解水制氢研究进展

 利用太阳光分解水制备氢气,从太阳照射能量中直接获得大功率的动力能源,被认为是人类能源的终极梦想.本文介绍了太阳光催化分解水制氢的原理,阐述了光解水对光催化材料的热力学和动力学要求.重点从新型光催化材料研发、共催化复合体系构筑、纳米形貌调控、器件化设计等4个方面综述了近年来国内外光解水制氢关键材料和技术的研究进展.结合实际应用,对制氢体系中牺牲剂应用、模拟自然光合作用、光解海水、光催化剂稳定性等方面的研究进行了分析.展望了未来太阳光催化分解水制氢技术的发展方向.     

基于可再生能源的分布式多目标供能系统(二)

提出了两种以氢为能量载体的基于可再生能源的多目标分布式供能系统的新构思，分别利用太阳光直接分解水制氢及太阳能高温集热（或高温燃料电池排气余热）分解生物质和水制氢，并与高温燃料电池，微型燃气轮机以及后续的供热，制冷，调湿等子系统共同构成高效，无污染的可以供氢，供电，供热，供轴功的多联产综合供能系统，简要分析了可再生能源高效低成本制氢的有关理论与技术，报道了本室光催化分解水制氢与超临界水生物催化气化制氢研究的最新进展。     

石墨烯及其复合材料光催化制氢研究新进展

随着经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,环境污染与能源短缺问题日益严重,亟待解决.氢气作为一种清洁能源,由于其能量密度高,运输储存方便且产物不会造成环境污染,成为了公认的化石能源的良好替代品.通过光催化降解水,可以实现氢能源的无污染生产,这项技术正受到各国学者的高度关注.石墨烯在能量储存、液晶器件、电子器件、生物材料、传感材料和催化剂载体等领域都展现出了优良性能,尤其是其复合材料可作为光催化降解水的催化剂,具有十分广阔的应用前景,综述了近年来在光催化制氢领域的重要研究进展,并对光催化制氢的未来发展进行了展望.     

太阳能光催化分解水研究进展

 以太阳能光-化学转化中最为重要的反应-光催化分解水为核心，从光催化分解水的原理、半导体捕光材料、光生电荷分离策略、双助催化剂、Z机制分解水体系以及太阳能分解水制氢途径等方面，介绍了光催化分解水制氢的最新研究进展，并展望了其未来的发展趋势。     

太阳能光催化分解水研究进展

 以太阳能光-化学转化中最为重要的反应-光催化分解水为核心，从光催化分解水的原理、半导体捕光材料、光生电荷分离策略、双助催化剂、Z机制分解水体系以及太阳能分解水制氢途径等方面，介绍了光催化分解水制氢的最新研究进展，并展望了其未来的发展趋势。     

高温煅烧硫化镉光解水制氢

沉淀法制备的硫化镉经不同温度煅烧处理获得不同相的硫化镉光催化剂,采用X射线衍射、紫外-可见漫反射光谱表征催化剂的结构和性质.以制备的硫化镉粉体作为光催化剂,在存在空穴牺牲剂的条件下进行光解水制氢实验,研究了硫化镉晶体的相组成、牺牲剂种类和助催化剂的担载量对其光解水活性的影响.结果表明,400℃下焙烧的硫化镉具有最好的催化活性,乳酸作为牺牲剂更有利于硫化镉光解水制氢,助催化剂(铂)的担载量为0.1%时,硫化镉具有最高的光催化活性.     

Zr基金属有机框架材料光催化分解水的研究进展

随着全球工业化的不断发展,化石燃料的消耗总量在不断攀升,随之带来的能源短缺与环境污染问题成为人们面临的重大挑战。氢能是一种绿色、低碳、高效的清洁能源,利用可持续再生的太阳能,通过光催化分解水制备氢气,被认为是解决上述问题的有效途径。金属有机框架具有结构可修饰、性能易调控、孔道结构丰富及比表面积较大的特性,被广泛应用于光催化领域。其中,Zr基MOFs结构类型丰富,同时具备优异的热稳定性、化学稳定性和机械稳定性,被广大研究人员所青睐。总结了近10年来Zr基配合物光催化分解水制氢的相关研究工作,从扩大可见光吸收范围、提升光生电子和空穴分离效率2个方面阐述了高效Zr基配合物光催化剂的设计思路,为光催化领域更多科研工作者开展相关工作提供了理论支撑。     

嵌入TiO2微球中的CoO八面体有效增强可见光下光催化全分解水性能研究

光催化全解水制氢是一种绿色、环保、清洁的可再生能源转换技术.为此,开发高效稳定的光催化剂一直是该领域的重要课题.通过简单的水热途径将CoO八面体涂覆在TiO2微球表面上制备了CoO/TiO2异质结光催化剂.在可见光照射下,制备的CoO/TiO2异质结在不添加任何牺牲剂或助催化剂情况下,直接光催化分解水产生H2和O2的物质的量比约为2:1.当CoO/TiO2异质结中CoO含量为3％时,光催化活性最高,H2和O2的析出速率分别为0.095μmol/h和0.045μmol/h.研究表明,CoO/TiO2异质结上光催化整体水分解活性的增强归因于CoO的引入,其不仅可以扩大TiO2的光吸收范围,还可以抑制光生电子和空穴的复合.     

NaCl引入对MoS_2光催化制氢性能的影响

利用液相反应法制备MoS_3,将其与NaCl混合,在N_2气氛下煅烧制得了纳米MoS_2,将所得MoS_2与石墨相氮化碳(CN)复合得到了复合光催化剂CN-MoS_2。进而以藻红B钠盐为敏化剂,三乙醇胺为牺牲剂,对所得催化剂的光催化制氢性能进行了测定,研究了煅烧过程中硬模板NaCl的引入对MoS_2光催化制氢性能的影响。结果表明,NaCl的引入可显著提升MoS_2的光催化制氢性能。     

太阳能建筑

太阳能--取之不尽、用之不竭的天然能源,其优点是洁净无污染,使用安全、价廉,是绿色能源中最重要的能源.当今世界能源日益短缺的形式下,可持续发展已成为建筑设计的重要指导思想.将太阳能技术应用于建筑,并与建筑一体化的新型太阳能建筑在能源、环境和经济的可持续发展进程中将起到重要的作用,以利用太阳能为主发展绿色环保型建筑将成为中国建筑业未来几年的流行趋势.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~