一种新型的多功能油 --清洁润滑防护武器三用油

武器三用油是一种不同于传统润滑油的油品。它不仅功能多，而且性能优异，可供陆、海、空三军在各种不同气候条件下使用；也可以广泛用于车辆、船舶、工厂、建筑物等民用设施。由于一种油品同时要具备多种功能，因此必需精心设计配方，考虑不同基础油及各种添加剂的配伍性，扬长避短，发挥增效作用，避免不利因素。在三用油研制过程中，考察了各种影响因素，将矛盾的各个方面很好地统一在一个油品中，获得了能满足各项要求的清洁、润滑、防护武器三用油。     

国外交通运输节油经验和启示

介绍了国外交通运输用油情况，分析了欧美日等国在交通运输节油方面军所采取的技术和政策措施及取得的效果和存在的问题。针对我国目前交通运输用油现状，提出 了节油方面的建议。     

水分对原位漫反射红外光谱表征的影响及其消除研究

水分在原位漫发射红外光谱研究VOCs的催化氧化实验中严重影响了催化剂上其他物种峰的辨认。分析了体系中水分产生的原因主要有气源中水分、管路中滞留水分、物料中所含水分以及反应产生水分等，针对不同产生途径提出采用不同的脱除方法，主要探讨反应物料中水分的脱除，采用浓硫酸、无水氯化钙和无水硫酸铜、硅胶以及5A分子筛对进气中水分进行脱除，发现5A分子筛的脱除效果较佳。同时发现原位反应池中气相水分也有一定的影响。通过对该反应体系中水分脱除各种方法的比较分析，得出结论：温度和所选干燥剂具有很大影响，5A分子筛的脱水效果最佳，原位池中水分也有一定影响，可通过抽真空的方法来消除或降低。     

电力装置避雷针两种行规保护范围的比对分析

电力装置避雷针保护范围的确定可由电力行业的改进折线法或建筑物防雷的滚球法计算得出，本文针对两种不同行规的计算方法进行比对分析，寻找两者的差异。     

蒸馏法定量测试石油产品水分溶剂载体的研究

石油产品存在水分属于有害物质，直接影响石油产品的质量。所以水分的含量多少在油品规格中都作了严格的规定。本文通过对航空喷气机润滑油（8A）和ZL-67荧光渗透液采用不同溶剂进行的水分含量对比试验，并进行了精密度方面的试验。从而确定了蒸馏法定量测试石油产品中的水分时，适宜的溶剂载体。     

变压器二次侧短路时流经一次侧的穿越电流分析计算方法探讨

变压器二次侧短路时流经一次侧的穿越电流,其分布情况与二次侧短路电流分布不同,利用对称分量法进行分析是解决这一问题的重要途径。非电力专业的学生缺乏对称分量法的理论基础,各种版本的供电技术教材的该部分内容又过于简单,结论的提出显得有点突然,使得教与学存在一定的难度。针对上述问题,简要介绍了对称分量的概念,举例说明了变压器穿越电流分析计算的一般方法。     

浅析火电厂锅炉无油点火技术的应用

大型锅炉的点火、稳燃用油已作为一项重要的经济指标引起了各个电力发电企业重视。该文分析了现行火电厂锅炉的各种点火技术的优劣。重点阐述了等离子无油点火作为新的节能点火方式在火电厂锅炉点火中的应用。     

电力系统不对称运行计算方法的研究

在三相电力系统分析和计算中，由于电路存在互感或发生故障而导致三相电路不对称，加大了系统网络分析和计算的难度。采用“相分量法”建立电网各种不对称条件下的无互感等值电路，通过修改故障前的电力网络中的节点导纳矩阵，列出网络方程，求解各点电压和电流值。“相分量法”对分析存在互感或发生故障等不对称网络有效，不受网络参数对称与否的限制，拓宽了电力系统不对称电路的计算方法，简化了计算过程。算例演示了计算步骤和方法，表明该方法是分析线路存在互感、短路或断路不对称运行计算的一种有效的方法。     

试析建设工程招标投标的评定办法

将目前国内建筑工程招标投标中应用较为广泛的各种评标方法按其特点归纳为三种类型，对各类型的评标方法进行了系统的分析说明，并针对其存在问题提出了几项改善措施。     

加强对润滑油(脂)的使用和管理

作者根据多年来总结掌握的各种不同润滑油(脂)的特点以及对各种不同机械润滑用油的正确使用,介绍了其正确的使用和管理方法,为保证设备正常运行,延长维修周期和使用寿命,从而提交经济效益等方面提供了较为可靠的依据。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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