运动对生长激素的影响

生长激素的生理作用是促进物质代谢与生长发育,对机体各器官和各组织均有影响,对骨骼、肌肉及内脏器官的作用尤为显著.运动引起血液生长激素的改变与运动强度、运动时间、运动员的水平、血液取样时间、生长激素分泌的不应期及环境因素有关.运动刺激GH水平升高的机制还有待进一步研究.     

运动对人体衰老过程影响的研究

采用献资料法、实验对比法、数理统计法、访谈法研究运动对人体衰老过程的影响,表明,衰老几乎使人体所有系统的安全极限随年龄的增长而下降;运动不能推迟衰老过程,但却能使人具有较高水平的工作能力,从而相对延缓其衰老过程。运动对衰老过程的影响主要表现在心血管系统、呼吸系统、运动系统、神经系统等方面。     

营养、运动与衰老

从运动与营养的角度，研究科学的运动和合理的营养与身体健康、延缓衰老的关系，提出了延缓衰老的方法。     

运动干预脑衰老：新进展与再认识

 随着人口老龄化的日益严峻，衰老及其带来的多种慢性疾病已成为亟待解决的社会问题。综述了脑衰老发病的复杂生物学机制，包括胶质细胞激活及炎症反应、氧化应激损伤、干细胞耗竭、DNA修复损伤、线粒体功能障碍等机制的研究进展；总结了近些年来运动与脑健康领域出现的新方法，包括表观遗传学、外泌体、肠道菌群、运动因子、异体共生、组学分析等的研究和应用；提出了运动干预脑衰老从基础到临床转化的可行性思考。     

杜仲提取物抗运动疲劳作用的实验研究

目的探讨杜仲提取物对大鼠激素水平、物质代谢及运动能力的影响。方法 SD大鼠随机分为安静对照组、力竭运动组、力竭运动加药组(服用杜仲提取物)。7周力竭运动后取材测定血清胰岛素、胰高血糖素、生长激素、血糖、肝糖原、肌糖原、乳酸血尿素和血红蛋白等生物化学指标。结果①与安静对照组比较:力竭运动组大鼠胰岛素和生长激素水平显著低于安静对照组,(P<0.05或P<0.01),胰高血糖素水平显著高于安静对照组(P<0.05);肝糖原、肌糖原含量及血糖浓度显著低于安静对照组,且均有极显著性差异(P<0.01);血乳酸浓度和肌乳酸含量均显著高于安静对照组(P<0.01),BU浓度极显著高于安静对照组(P<0.01),Hb含量显著低于安静对照组(P<0.05);跑台运动至力竭时间显著长于安静对照组(P<0.05)。②与力竭运动组比较:力竭运动加药组大鼠胰岛素和生长激素水平均极显著高于力竭运动组(P<0.01),胰高血糖素水平显著高于力竭运动组(P<0.05);肝糖原含量及血糖浓度极显著高于力竭运动组(P<0.01),肌糖原含量显著高于力竭运动组(P<0.05);血乳酸和肌乳酸浓度极显著低于力竭运动组(P<0.01);BU浓度极显著高于力竭运动组(P<0.01),Hb含量极显著低于力竭运动组(P<0.01);大鼠跑台运动力竭时间有显著的延缓作用(P<0.05)。结论杜仲提取物可提高力竭运动大鼠激素水平,改善物质代谢,延长运动时间,增强运动能力。     

运动、机体的抗氧化能力与衰老

急性剧烈运动引起机体细胞内过氧化和抗氧化失衡，造成氧化应激损伤．机体的酶类和非酶类抗氧化系统对运动有较强的适应性；而过氧化和抗氧化之间的微妙平衡随机体衰老而改变，对于运动、抗氧化与衰老之间相互关系的研究可提供更多的关于老年人如何锻炼以及是否补充营养性抗氧化剂的证据。     

衰老与抗衰老的现代认识

本综述现代对衰老与抗衰老的认识水平，重点反映衰老机制的遗传程序学说、自由基学说、线粒体学说和端粒学说的论点和论据；介绍营养抗衰老、药物抗衰老、心理抗衰老和运动抗衰老等途径和方法。     

略谈健身模仿运动

本文探索了模仿运动与健身长寿的关系,阐述了这一运动方法可有效地增强体质,防治疾病,推迟“衰老”等问题。     

抗阻力运动促进衰老的心功能和心肌线粒体重构

探讨抗阻力运动对衰老的大鼠心功能及心肌线粒体结构功能影响的机制。建立老年大鼠的抗阻力运动模型,实验分为3组:青年对照组(y-Ctrl),老年对照组(e-Ctrl)和老年抗阻力运动组(e-RT)。检测大鼠心系数、血流动力学指标,观测大鼠心肌的形态学变化以及心肌线粒体结构的改变。检测大鼠心肌PGC1α,SIRT1,AMPKα1,AMPKα2的表达。与e-Ctrl组相比,e-RT组大鼠的心系数显著提高,而左室收缩压、左室舒张末压、左室压力最大上升速率和最大下降速率等血流动力学指标都显著下降。抗阻力运动提高衰老的心肌细胞的数量,使心肌细胞排列和分布更加紧密,并且可以减少胶原纤维的含量。与e-Ctrl组相比,e-RT组大鼠心肌的PGC1α,SIRT1,AMPKα1,AMPKα2的表达显著增加。长期抗阻力运动可以改善衰老的心功能,降低老年大鼠的收缩压和舒张压,保护心肌以及心肌线粒体结构的完整性,可能通过AMPK/PGC1α/SIRT1信号通路改善老年大鼠的心肌线粒体功能。抗阻力运动可作为老年人预防和延缓衰老的一种经济安全的方法。     

Discrete cis-active genomic sequences dictate the pituitary cell type-specific expression of rat prolactin and growth hormone genes

The anterior pituitary gland, which is derived from a common primordium originating in Rathke's pouch, contains phenotypically distinct cell types, each of which express discrete trophic hormones: adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin, growth hormone, and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)/luteinizing hormone (LH). The structurally related prolactin and growth hormone genes, which are evolutionarily derived from a single primordial gene, are expressed in discrete cell types--lactotrophs and somatotrophs, respectively--with their expression virtually limited to the pituitary gland. The pituitary hormones exhibit a temporal pattern of developmental expression with rat growth hormone and prolactin characteristically being the last hormones expressed. The reported co-expression of these two structurally related neuroendocrine genes within single cells prior to the appearance of mature lactotrophs, in a subpopulation of mature anterior pituitary cells, and in many pituitary adenomas raises the possibility that the prolactin and growth hormone genes are developmentally controlled by a common factor(s). We now report the identification and characterization of nucleotide sequences in the 5'-flanking regions of the rat prolactin and growth hormone genes, respectively, which act in a position- and orientation-independent fashion to transfer cell-specific expression to heterologous genes. At least one putative trans-acting factor required for the growth hormone genomic sequence to exert its effects is apparently different from those modulating the corresponding enhancer element(s) of the prolactin gene because a pituitary 'lactotroph' cell line producing prolactin but not growth hormone selectively fails to express fusion genes containing the growth hormone enhancer sequence.     

Fast evolution of growth hormone receptor in primates and ruminants

Pituitary growth hormone (GH) evolves very slowly in most of mammals, but the evolutionary rates appear to have increased markedly on two occasions during the evolution of primates and ruminants. To investigate the evolutionary pattern of growth hormone receptor (GHR), we sequenced the extracellular domain of GHR genes from four primate species. Our results suggested that GHR in mammal also shows an episodic evolutionary pattern, which is consistent with that observed in pituitary growth hormone. Further analysis suggested that this pattern of rapid evolution observed in primates and ruminants is likely the result of coevolution between pituitary growth hormone and its receptor.     

Growth hormone receptor and serum binding protein: purification, cloning and expression

A putative growth hormone receptor from rabbit liver and the growth hormone binding protein from rabbit serum have the same amino-terminal amino-acid sequence, indicating that the binding protein corresponds to the extracellular hormone-binding domain of the liver receptor. The complete amino-acid sequences derived from complementary DNA clones encoding the putative human and rabbit growth hormone receptors are not similar to other known proteins, demonstrating a new class of transmembrane receptors.     

长期高强度有氧运动对女性内分泌激素的调节作用分析

内分泌失调往往是困扰现代女性的首要问题。为研究长期高强度有氧运动对女性内分泌激素的调节作用,任意选择某大学女性研究生80名,随机平均将其划分成对照组和运动组,运动组受试者需进行8周有氧训练,对照组在实验期间不进行任何运动。实验发现:运动组受试者实验后体重、腹部皮褶厚度和髂部皮褶厚度、腰围等低于实验前;运动组受试者实验后细胞内液、细胞外液、基础代谢率以及总水分高于实验前和对照组;在有氧运动量较小的情况下,对照组和运动组受试者实验前后内分泌激素水平均无显著差异(P0.05);在有氧运动量较大的情况下,对照组实验前后内分泌激素水平无显著差异(P0.05),运动组实验后内分泌LH、FSH水平低于实验前和对照组,差异具有显著性(P0.05);PROG水平低于实验前和对照组,差异具有非常显著性(P0.01)。由此得知,长期高强度有氧训练能够减少体脂含量、改善体液、促进蛋白质代谢,会影响女性月经周期和妊娠。     

生长刺激素对金边瑞香扦插生根的效应研究

研究了不同生长刺激素及其组合对金边瑞香扦插生根的影响。结果表明,单独使用IBA、NAA以及ABT对金边瑞香扦插生根均有较好的促进作用,在浸泡3min时,500ppm IBA、600ppm NAA、1000ppm ABT效果最好,其生根率分别为92．7％、88．7％、86．0％;生长刺激素组合使用可使金边瑞香扦插生根率进一步提高,正交试验表明,NAA 200ppm＋IBA 300ppm＋Vc50 ppm＋浸泡时间3min,生根率最高,达到96．7％,根系数量和质量均较单一生长刺激素处理有所提高。     

Expression of human growth hormone-releasing factor in transgenic mice results in increased somatic growth

The neurohumoral regulation of growth hormone secretion is mediated in part by two hypothalamic peptides that reach the anterior pituitary via the hypothalamo-hypophysial portal blood system. Somatostatin inhibits the release of growth hormone, whereas growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) positively regulates both growth hormone synthesis and secretion. Two forms of human GRF, 40 and 44 amino acids long, have been characterized from extra-hypothalamic tumours as well as from the hypothalamus. Analysis of human GRF complementary DNA and genomic clones indicates that the GRF peptides are first synthesized as a 107- or 108-amino-acid precursor protein. To examine the physiological consequences of GRF expression, we have established strains of transgenic mice containing a fusion gene including the promoter/regulatory region of the mouse metallothionein-I (MT-I) gene and the coding region of the human GRF gene. We report that expression of the human GRF precursor protein in these animals results in measurable levels of human GRF and increased levels of mouse growth hormone in plasma and accelerated growth rates relative to control littermates. These results demonstrate a direct role for GRF in the positive regulation of somatic growth. Unexpectedly, female transgenic mice carrying the MT-GRF fusion gene are fertile, in contrast to female transgenic mice expressing human or rat growth hormone, which are generally infertile. These transgenic mouse strains should provide useful animal models for the study of several types of human growth disorders.     

广西巴马小型猪生长激素(pGH)基因全序列克隆及序列分析

目的克隆广西巴马小型猪生长激素(pGH)基因全序列,并与已发表的其它品种猪的生长激素(pGH)基因全序列进行比较,探讨该基因在广西巴马小型猪中可能存在的变异。方法以广西大学巴马小型猪基因组DNA为模板,扩增巴马小型猪生长激素基因的全序列,将该扩增片段亚克隆到pMD18-T载体后测序。再将测序结果在NCBI进行BLAST。结果测序结果证明克隆得到了巴马小型猪GH基因,全长为2 007 bp。同源性比较发现,巴马小型猪GH基因全序列与GenBank中发表的五指山猪、太湖猪及普通猪的GH基因全序列的同源性分别为99.4%、98.3%、93.9%。     

运动对骨骼肌中胰岛素样生长因子I影响的研究进展

胰岛素样生长因子I(IGF-I)是一类促进细胞生长,具有胰岛素样代谢效应的因子,与运动能力密切相关。分析了近年来关于胰岛素样生长因子在运动、常氧运动、低氧运动不同应激下的变化情况的文献资料。对胰岛素样生长因子研究进展进行了阐述。对于IGF-I与低氧训练关系的研究,有助于提供低氧训练的评定指标,为低氧训练提供科学的理论指导。     

通心络对实验性大鼠心肌缺血干预的实验研究

本文观察通心络对运动心脏的心肌保护效应。通过实验大鼠模拟运动心脏、测量大鼠体重和心脏重量及内分泌激素水平,对实验性运动大鼠灌注通心络,并观察心电图变化。结果表明耐力训练后,大鼠体重和心脏重量增加。内激素水平发生变动,心电图有缺血表现,对大鼠灌注通心络后,心电图显示心肌缺血得到改善,与灌注药物剂量大小和用药时间成正相关。实验研究表明通心络对大鼠运动心脏起到心肌保护作用。     

江苏汉族人生长激素受体基因多态性研究

为了解生长激素受体(GHR)基因多态性在江苏汉族人群中的分布,通过多重PCR及PCR-RFLP的方法对269例江苏地区正常汉族人进行GHR基因3个位点的多态性分析,并与文献中报道的其它种族和地区的人群进行比较分析.结果显示江苏地区汉族正常人群中GHR基因型以fl/fl、I/L、P/P发生频率最高,这种分布在男女之间没有差异,与其它地区汉族人比较没有明显差异,与日本人差异也不明显,而与法国、俄罗斯人差异明显.研究表明,GHR基因3个位点多态性在不同种族之间分布存在着明显的差异,这种差异有可能是导致不同种族间人体测量学差异及对一些疾病的易感性及对药物的反应性不同的因素之一.