Äußere Abmessungen von Fadenmolekülen in Lösung

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Zeitbedarf der Längsteilung von miteinander verzwirnten Fadenmolekülen

Summary The time requirement is treated for a longitudinal fission by Brownian movement of a very long particle consisting of two or more filaments twisted a great number of times round each other to form a double spiral. It is shown that a comparatively swift disintegration is obtained by partial rotation or torsion round the axis of the spiral, resulting in a loosing of the spiral structure and subsequent separation of the constituents by translational Brownian movement. The time required to separate a double spiral consisting of about 900 turns of a height of 3.4 × 10⁻⁷ cm and a radius of 10⁻⁷ cm, thus having a length of 3 × 10⁻⁴ cm being realized approximately by deoxyribonucleic acid is found by this mechanism to be about 50 to 80 s. The time required to undo the same spiral by unwrapping it turn by turn would be about 150 days. The result of the considerations is related to observations published byAlexander andSteacy on deoxyribonucleic acid. An additional remark stresses the importance of stereochemical asymmetry for the practicability of the mechanism and therefore the importance of optical activity for the time requirement of such disintegrations or transformations of high polymer material occurring in living organisms.      

Über die Auslösung der Fluchtreaktion bei Fliegen

Summary Contrary toGaffron, 1934, it has been shown that when flies flee from the catching hand, this reaction is merely due to optical stimuli (experiments with flies behind glass). Air movements play no part in this connection (experiments with blinded flies).     

Über die Adsorptionskraft der Pektine in organischen Lösungsmitteln

Summary Pectin does not present any surface activities in organic solvents. An eventual fixation of some substances is based on mutual chemical affinity.     

Über die Wirkung von Elastase auf die Blutgerinnung

Summary Purified elastase prepared by adsorption on synthetic zeolite in proper concentrations causes the coagulation of blood. Elastase was found to have no direct coagulative action on purified fibrinogen. Its coagulating action is due to the fact that it reacts with prothrombin to form thrombin. The reaction between prothrombin and elastase is independent of the presence of either platelets, thromboplastin or Ca-ions.     

Über die Entwicklung des Fremdkörpergranuloms in verschiedenen Organsystemen

Summary The weight has been measured of the granuloma produced after implantation of the same foreign body in the kidneys, the testes, the liver and the subcutaneous tissue of male rats. It was found that granulomae in the testes and liver are nearly twice as heavy as in the kidney or in the subcutaneous tissue. Enhancement or inhibition of this reaction by treating the animals with cortexone shows organ-dependent effects on granuloma formation.     

Über die Wasserdurchlässigkeit von Hydrogelen

Summary The permeability of different jellies is measured under various conditions. This property may be of value for the structural analysis of these systems.     

Über die Bindung von Kallidin an Heparin

Summary Kallidin gives, with heparin, a non-dialysable complex, which can be precipitated with alcohol. In this binding, kallidin is pharmacologically active, but may be split off by the substance 48/80.     

Über die Einwirkung von Chlordioxyd auf Pektinstoffe

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Über die Verwendung von künstlichen radioaktiven Isotopen zur Erzielung von lokalisierten biologischen Strahlenwirkungen

Summary Intratumoral injection of an artificial radioactive isotope (radiozinc), suspended in a solution of pectin: The author has previously reported on a method, which consists in the utilization of an artificial radioactive isotope for the production oflocalized biological radiation effects, by means of intraperitoneal injections of radiozinc (Zn⁶³) suspended in a suitably prepared solution of pectin. This procedure was applied to a small number of cases of cancer of the ovaries, with severe peritoneal extension, and yielded rather interesting therapeutic effects in these particularly bad conditions. Evidently this method can be applied also to malignant fumors of cavitary organs, such as the urinary bladder etc.The author investigated further, whether this procedure would also be suitable for interstitial radiotherapy, as previously presumed. Subcutaneous and intramuscular injections of the same suspension of radiozinc in pectin were thus performed on rabbits and were not followed by any diffusion of radioactivity outside the injected areas, as shown both by autoradiographs and controls of blood specimens with a counter. For the purpose of preliminary clinical investigation two cases of extended cancer of the uterine cervix recieved injections of 15 millicuries of radiozinc suspended in pectin within the tumor and its immediate surroundings (these cases were also submitted to the usual X-ray and radium-therapy). Specimens of blood and urine were checked with a counter and showed practically no radioactivity. Distinct fibrinous spots were observed a tew days later at the points of injection. This special form of interstitial radiotherapy will presumably gain some practical significance, as it offers the advantage that no foreign bodies have to be inserted in tissues as it is the case with radium needles and radon seeds, pectin being very well tolerated and resorbed by living tissues.     

Über die Verwendung von künstlichen radioaktiven Isotopen zur Erzielung von lokalisierten biologischen Strahlenwirkungen

Summary The author made a first attempt to utilize an artificial radioactive isotope for the production of localized biological radiation-effects, by means of intraperitoneal injections of radiozinc (Zn⁶³) suspended in a solution of pectine. Experiments were performed on mice and rabbits and the procedure was applied, for the purpose of preliminary therapeutic investigations, to a case of carcinoma of the ovary with severe peritoneal extension.     

Der Übertritt von Antikörpern gegen Nahrungsmittel-Antigene in die Frauenmilch

Summary In a high percentage of lactating mothers the presence of antibodies against cow's milk could be shown in breast milk by means of the hemagglutination test. This passage does not appear to be continuous. Possible implications of these findings with respect to the pathogenesis of Ablactation-Dyspepsia are discussed.

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Für die technische Hilfe bei den Untersuchungen sind wir FräuleinA. Sauer schr zu Dank verpflichtet.     

Über die Entstehung von Mehrfachbildungen der Flügelimaginalscheibe bei Großschmetterlingen

Summary The latent potency of organ development in a normally functionless evagination on the upper border of the imaginal disc, causes double forms of the presumptive wingleaf of caterpillars in lepidoptera. Triple forms of the wing-leaf consist of one double form and one simple form of the original imaginal disc of the wing and one regenerate, orvice versa.     

Über die Wirkungsweise von 4,4'-Dichlordiphenyltrichlormethylmethan (DDT-Geigy) im Warmblüterorganismus

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Über die Änderung der Hydrolyse von Tetrachlorkohlenstoff durch Röntgenstrahlen bei Zugabe von Alkohol

Summary Hydrolysis of carbon tetrachloride in aqueous solutions by X-rays is changed quantitatively and qualitatively when alcohol is added to the solutions. This change is conform with a new theory of the actions of radiations published recently by one of the authors.     

Über die Einwirkung des Schilddrüsenhormons auf die Ossifikation

Summary Larvae ofSalamandra salamandra quadrivirgata Dürigen and tadpoles ofXenopus laevis Daud, treated with a percutaneous application of thyroxin, show a more intensive calcification of their skeletal system after a precocious metamorphosis. The calcified area of bones is increased; additional centres of calcification can be distinguished in quite a number of other skeletal elements. By thyroxin-soaked agar implants in the hindlimbs ofAmbystoma mexicanum, deposition of calcium salts is furthered in the bones of the leg treated, as well as in the adjacent pelvic girdle, thus demonstrating that the thyroid hormone exerts a direct effect upon calcification. It is supposed that during normal metamorphosis the thyroid gland plays an equal part in the process of calcification in the skeletal system.