Influence of mesoscale topography on vortex intensity

The effect of mesoscale topography on multi-vortex self-organization is investigated numerically in this paper using a barotropic primitive equation model with topographic term. In the initial field there are one DeMaria major vortex with the maximum wind radius rm of 80 km at the center of the computational domain, and four meso-b vortices in the vicinity of rm to the east of the major vortex center. When there is no topography present, the initial vortices self-organize into a quasi-final state ?ow pattern, i.e. a quasi-axisymmetric vortex whose intensity is close to that of the initial major vortex. However, when a mesoscale topography is incorporated, the spatial scale of the quasi-final state vortex reduces, and the relative vorticity at the center of the vortex and the local maximum wind speed remarkably increase. The possible mechanism for the enhancement of the quasi-?nal state vortex might be that the negative relative vorticity lump, generated above the mesoscale topography because of the constraint of absolute vorticity conservation, squeezes the center of positive vorticity towards the mountain slope area, and thus reduces the spatial range of the major vortex. Meanwhile, because the total kinetic energy is basically conservative, the squeezing directly leads to the concentration of the energy in a smaller area, i.e. the strengthening of the vortex.     

二维浅水流动的离散涡方法

根据二维浅水流动中旋涡既可产生于流动边界层，也可在主流场中自生自灭的特点，建立起Eulerian-Lagrangian框架下的二维浅水流动离散涡方法；利用该方法数值仿真了高雷诺数下的二维浅水方柱绕流，得到了流动的速度场、涡谱，计算结果中明显可见流动分离、旋涡以及旋涡随时间的发展演化，即模拟出流动所具有的非定常不稳定等非线性特征。     

中国东部地区一个中尺度对流涡旋的涡度收支分析

中尺度对流涡旋(MCV),与其他中尺度涡旋不同,有着其独特的动力机制与发展途径.一旦MCV形成,极易产生灾害性天气过程.为了解我国的MCV,使用非静力中尺度模式天气预报和研究模式对中国东部2003年7月4至5日降水过程进行了高分辨率的双向三重嵌套的数值模拟.与观测资料比较,模拟结果较为准确地再现了当时的大气状况.采用了空间滤波的方法对模式结果进行了大尺度背景场与中尺度扰动场的尺度分离,对MCV的结构与移动进行分析,并追随MCV的活动对其的涡度收支情况进行诊断分析.分析表明,大尺度背景场与中尺度扰动场对MCV的作用有着明显的差异.MCV的移动由大尺度背景风场引导;其中辐合作用直接决定了MCV的形成与发展,大尺度水平运动对中尺度涡度的水平输送为水平平流项的主要部分.而由垂直风速的水平变化所导致的水平涡度的倾斜作用在此MCV形成与发展阶段作用并不明显.成熟时的MCV与成熟时的中尺度对流复合体类似有着3个明显的环流,在对流层高层与低层均为辐散反气旋性环流,对流层中层则为较为深厚的气旋性环流.     

圆柱绕流远场涡对的数值模拟

基于离散涡方法求得非定常、不稳定流场,数值模拟了三种不同时刻高雷诺数下圆柱绕流结构的发展,从流谱图、等涡量线图和涡谱图可以清晰地看出从近场的初生卡门涡街,过渡到远场的二次涡街的过程,计算结果发现：远场离散涡有形成二个涡的涡对及三个涡的涡对的趋势,计算结果说明了流体运动中涡对结构的本质：由于来流是均匀的,没有加入任何拔动,当流体流过钝体时产生具有剧烈分离的不稳定流动,因此在远场形成的二次涡对及卡门涡     

龙卷风风场的数值模拟研究

基于同济大学研制的龙卷风物理模拟装置,运用数值模拟方法构建了物理模拟器的数值计算模型,并通过对比龙卷风风场的物理试验模拟结果和现场实测结果,验证了数值计算模型的可行性.在此验证基础上,研究了3种不同涡流比条件下的龙卷风风场结构,对比了不同涡流比条件下龙卷风的三维风场速度(切向速度、径向速度和轴向速度)分布形态、风压分布、龙卷风涡核半径和气流脉动特性.研究结果表明:随着涡流比的增大,龙卷风风场最大切向风速逐渐增大,涡核中心气压降明显降低,涡核半径随之变大,涡核中心附近切向风速的标准差变小;涡流比的增大使龙卷风单涡核逐渐破碎,发展到双涡核.     

Spiral rainband in a numerically simulated tropical cyclone

Spiral rainband is a prominent structure of tropical cyclone. Though its forming mechanism, vortex Rossby wave theory, has been widely accepted in recent years,its internal structural features are still not well known. The spiral rainband in the severe tropical storm Kammuri (2002),which caused heavy rainfall in southeast China, is simulated using the mesoscale model MM5 (V3). Results show that the simulated spiral rainband propagates azimuthally at a speed close to that of vortex Rossby wave in theory, and is accompanied with energy dispersion in the radial direction. The structural features of simulated spiral rainband are analyzed with the high-resolution model output including the full physical process. Positive vorticity, ascending motion, horizontal momentum and so on are highly concentrated in the spiral rainband. The convergent moisture of spiral rainband comes mostly from the planetary boundary layer under 1 km.Airflow from the outside of spiral rainband is convective instability, which can provide instability energy for convection development. However, the atmospheric stratification in the inside of spiral rainband is neutral, implying that the instability energy has been released. There is a mesoscale strong wind band just near the spiral rainband in the outer side with a maximum wind speed exceeding 30 m/s, which results from the pressure force acceleration when the air flows into the spiral rainband along the gradient of pressure.     

一次特大暴雨中尺度系统结构特征和机理分析

为了研究“04.6”湖南特大暴雨过程的发生发展机理,在天气分析的基础上,利用非静力中尺度模式MM 5-V 3.6对本次过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明:高分辨中尺度模式MM 5可以较好地模拟中尺度低涡切变线的发生和发展。模拟结果显示,中尺度低涡发展过程中,不断有扰动在低涡前部发展,并激发出强烈的中尺度对流系统M CS(m esoscale convective system)。暴雨区上空具有同向双圈垂直环流结构特征,使中尺度对流系统更加组织化。根据湿位涡守恒和倾斜位涡发展理论分析了暴雨和M CS形成和发展的原因。对流不稳定和条件对称不稳定的建立以及对流有效位能的集中释放是此次特大暴雨产生和持续发展的重要条件。     

北京地区低层大气流动模态研究

用风场诊断方法和实际观测资料对北京地区低层大气的背景流动情况进行分析,获取当地流动时空演变的总体型式或模态。所获初步结果表明,该地区大气流动总体分为秋冬型和春夏型。秋冬型更多受强天气系统的影响,春夏型则更多表现出局地中尺度热力环流特征。中尺度环流是该地区低层大气流动的基本模态,春夏季和秋冬季弱系统条件下的区域流动大体按这种模态演变。秋冬季大风天气的流动受地形的动力扰动作用明显,扰动表现为水平涡旋形态,其影响范围包括北京城区及西北部山地。     

Energy dispersion of complex non-isolated vortices

Energy dispersion is a fundamental scientific problem in the study of natural disasters such as typhoons, heavy rain and earthquakes. The problem has been addressed by both multi-discipline research and forecast studies. The dynamics of isolated circular vortex energy dispersion have been solved. However, the disastrous results of typhoons and heavy rain often occur due to non-isolated circular vortices, the dynamics of which are explored in this paper. The energy dispersion characteristics of non-isolated vortices with complex structural patterns are examined using a linearized nondivergent barotropical vorticity equation model. In the initial field, a tropical cyclone (TC) vortex and a meso-scale vortex coexist, forming a complex structural pattern. An analytic solution based on a Fourier transform and simulations using a two-dimensional model show the following. (1) A wave train of TC-G-D may be created by the energy dispersion where the line connecting the three member centers of the wave train is parallel to the x axis in the case of an initial TC vortex without a meso-scale vortex. (2) A wave train of TC-G-D may also be created by energy dispersion. However, the line connecting the three member centers of the wave train would no longer be parallel to the x axis. Instead, they would form a triangle in the presence of the initial TC vortex with the meso-scale vortex. (3) There is a nonlinear relationship between the initial intensity of the meso-scale vortex and the base angle of the triangle. These results have the potential to be applied in the field of typhoon forecasting.     

用LBM方法模拟壁面驱动粘性不可压半圆形空腔流

基于格子Boltzmann方法(LBM)数值模拟壁面驱动的粘性不可压半圆形空腔流. 采用具有二阶精度的曲线边界处理方法, 得到了不同雷诺数下的流线图、 涡线图及速度分量沿半圆形中心线的分布. 在小雷诺数的条件下, 流动状态仅由一个涡组成; 随着雷诺数的增加, 出现一个二级涡, 涡的大小与雷诺数有关. 数值结果表明, 格子Boltzmann方法简单有效, 适合处理该问题.     

高原东侧低涡切变线发展的个例数值研究──Ⅱ．中尺度数值模拟

通过应用和发展ＭＭ４中尺度数值模式模拟系统，对１９８３年７月的川陕暴雨中尺度系统进行了一系列２４ｈ数值试验，其中包括：初始风场处理，物理过程和地形动力强迫对西南涡切变线发展的作用。结果指出：有辐散风场能为中尺度系统模拟提供良好的初始值，平均无辐散风则稍差；水汽凝结的潜热释放对中尺度系统发展的强度，结构有决定影响；而地面热通量相对前者略小；地面摩擦则对系统发展不利，表现为涡度汇，耗散动能并使低涡平移。高原地形构形对西南涡在四川盆地７００ｈＰａ维持非常必要。同时证明，运用大尺度分析资料做中尺度预报是可行，用于中尺度诊断则不可取。     

大气压下介质阻挡放电等离子体诱导起始涡的实验研究

对介质阻挡放电等离子体激励器进行了参数化分析,考察了诱导速度和功率随信号波形、激励电压、信号频率、电极间距等参数变化的规律,同时采用流场显示方法和PIV技术研究等离子体在静止流场中诱导的涡系结构生长和演化过程.结果表明,等离子体通过诱导产生的起始涡存在3种主要的涡系结构,即裸露电极下游的主涡、裸露电极上游的反向涡以及主涡侧下方的二次诱导涡.进一步分析了主涡和反向涡的产生和发展过程,通过和激励器放电电流波形及放电图像的对比分析,揭示了起始涡的产生机理,同时也证实了介质阻挡放电等离子体产生诱导气流机理的正确性.     

绕水翼空化的发展及其涡量场特性分析

为了解空化发展与流场中涡量变化的关系,利用数字式粒子图像测速(DPIV)系统,并辅以高速摄像,对绕水翼流动进行了观测.结果表明:空化的发展对整个流场的涡量变化起决定作用.无论在空化还是无空化流场中,涡量主要集中在水翼后部的剪切层所在区域,并形成涡带;随着空化数的降低,空化区域的流场混合更为均匀,从而使涡量峰值逐渐减小,同时下涡带的起始位置向后推移;在云状空化阶段,涡量聚集区由涡带转化为大涡量团的分散分布,而且影响区域明显扩大.     

孔型及倾斜角对穿孔叶片气动和噪声特性的影响

针对叶片尾缘穿孔对气动及噪声特性的影响,基于NACA65019叶片,在雷诺数Re=2×105条件下,采用大涡模拟和FW-H方法研究孔型和倾斜角对叶片气动特性、绕流流场和噪声特性的影响规律,并选择降噪效果较好的穿孔模型应用到小型轴流风机上,对穿孔风机进行试验。结果表明：当穿孔倾斜角为30°时,在一定攻角范围内(α≤10°),圆柱型穿孔叶片气动性能最接近原始叶片,并且该穿孔叶片总声压级降低可达9 dB。这是由于穿孔叶片有效抑制了涡量沿叶片表面法向的发展,加速了尾缘涡沿流动方向的能量衰减,且穿孔形成的射流使大尺度的涡破碎形成小尺度的涡,衰减波动力,降低了气动噪声。     

Numerical simulation of Meiyu front and the diagnosis of moist vorticity vector

Moist vorticity vector is introduced to study the development and evolution of mesoscale convective vortex (MCV) in the Meiyu front precipitation with the Advanced Regional Predication System (ARPS). In this study, the heavy rainfall is simulated to investigate the genesis, development and dissipation of middle scale convective vortex, which occurred from 0000 UTC 3 July to 1200 UTC 5 July over the Jianghuai River valley. Moist vorticity vector (MVV) has zonal, radial and vertical components in its 3D spatial distribution. The simulation shows that the vertical component of moist vorticity vector well demonstrates the spatial distribution characteristics of middle scale convective vortex, especially in the process of Meiyu front precipitation. Diagnosis upon zonal, radial averaged and mass-integrated quantities of MVV shows that its vertical component and the surface precipitating ratio are in phase with a correlation coefficient of 0.68, indicating that the vertical component of MVV is closely associated with the Meiyu front precipitation. In addition, the tendency of the vertical component of MVV is mainly determined by the interaction between the vorticity and the zonal and radial gradient of condensational or depositional heating.     

Numerical simulation of Meiyu front and the diagnosis of moist vorticity vector

Moist vorticity vector is introduced to study the development and evolution of mesoscale convective vortex (MCV) in the Meiyu front precipitation with the Advanced Regional Predication System (ARPS). In this study, the heavy rainfall is simulated to investigate the genesis, development and dissipation of middle scale convective vortex, which occurred from 0000 UTC 3 July to 1200 UTC 5 July over the Jianghuai River valley. Moist vorticity vector (MVV) has zonal, radial and vertical components in its 3D spatial distribution. The simulation shows that the vertical component of moist vorticity vector well demonstrates the spatial distribution characteristics of middle scale convective vortex, especially in the process of Meiyu front precipitation. Diagnosis upon zonal, radial averaged and mass-integrated quantities of MVV shows that its vertical component and the surface precipitating ratio are in phase with a correlation coefficient of 0.68, indicating that the vertical component of MVV is closely associated with the Meiyu front precipitation. In addition, the tendency of the vertical component of MVV is mainly determined by the interaction between the vorticity and the zonal and radial gradient of condensational or depositional heating.     

飞行器头部的涡系结构研究

通过三阶精度离散格式求解N-S方程,模拟了飞行器头部涡系流动过程,展示了不同层次的涡系结构.结果表明,较小攻角时,表面不同的鞍点与结点拓扑组合,在飞行器头部空间演化出不同的涡系.稳定螺旋点在空间演化为羊角涡,促使对称主涡向非对称发展.较大攻角时,头部空间演化出U型马蹄涡,通过牵制主涡涡核,抑制主涡向非对称发展.中等攻角时,飞行器头部既形成羊角涡,又形成马蹄涡,二者对主涡的作用是相反的.     

黏性流中的链环涡管演化与螺旋度分析

本文通过直接数值模拟研究了链环涡管在不可压缩黏性流中的演化过程.在初始时刻的链环涡管由两个变形的涡环组合而成,其螺旋度为依赖于涡轴参数方程的解析表达式,进而可利用该初始流场进行涡管演化研究与螺旋度分析.发现当初始链环涡管的涡量方向具有相同手性时,链环涡管和环面纽结涡管的演化具有类似的涡动力学过程;而当它们具有相反手性时,涡管间的强涡量梯度会使两涡环在短时间内产生剧烈的涡重联,从而导致涡环由快速的尺度级串过程达到类湍流状态.     

平面涡旋光叠加形成复合涡旋的理论分析

复合涡旋可以通过不同的光学涡旋叠加产生,通过两束平面涡旋共线叠加,对两束平面光学涡旋的叠加作了理论分析.讨论了不同情况下复合涡旋中心的分布情况,通过几何解析法找到了涡旋核重合的两平面涡旋叠加后的复合涡旋中心,从理论上得出,这种叠加方式可以得到圆对称分布的复合涡旋.     

离散涡法模拟不同直径串列圆柱绕流

通过在势流场中嵌入有限数目的点涡来代表局部有旋区域连续分布的涡量,在拉格朗日框架下应用离散涡方法求解非定常涡量方程。从而有效模拟了高雷诺数下不同直径串列圆柱绕流脱落旋涡的动态演化过程,并分析了流场中大尺度旋涡相干结构对前后圆柱受力的影响．结果表明,流场中的小尺度旋涡会被大尺度旋涡卷吸．形成涡量强度更大的旋涡．当大圆柱在前、小圆柱在后布置时,大圆柱的升、阻力系数受影响较小,大圆柱阻力系数基本保持不变,小圆柱阻力系数平均值较小但振幅波动较大,大圆柱的升力系数波动较大,大、小圆柱的升力系数的平均值都基本为0;当小圆柱在前、大圆柱在后布置时,大圆柱阻力系数振幅增大而平均值降低,小圆柱阻力系数振幅减小而平均值增大,大、小圆柱的升力系数趋向于一致,平均值仍然都基本为0．