二灰钢渣碎石路面基层材的设计与使用性能

通过实验室试验,研究了路面基层用石灰粉煤灰稳定钢渣碎石集料混合料的使用性能.试验结果及分析显示:二灰稳定钢渣碎石混合料无侧限抗压强度随钢渣质量分数增加而显著增加,掺钢渣可以减少二灰结合料的用量.钢渣碎石合成集料遇水累计膨胀率可以通过改变钢渣的掺量控制,必须在材料设计时予以考虑.钢渣可以提高二灰稳定材料间接抗拉强度与抗压回弹模量,集料中掺50%钢渣可以分别提高材料的抗拉强度与抗压回弹模量最高24%与21%,减小设计路面结构层厚度.钢渣可以减小二灰稳定材料总干缩系数,集料中掺50%钢渣可以减小材料的干缩系数最多27%,减缓路面基层由于失水导致的开裂.钢渣的存在对二灰稳定材料抗冲刷特性影响不大,材料设计时可以不必考虑.     

二灰稳定碎石收缩特性

为了深入研究各种因素对二灰稳定碎石混合料收缩特性的影响,对不同级配、不同二灰含量和不同龄期的二灰稳定碎石材料进行了温缩系数和干缩系数的测试,结果表明,具有骨架密实结构的二灰稳定碎石材料拥有较好的抗收缩特性;当级配一定时,混合料的温缩、干缩系数随着二灰含量的增大而增大;当二灰含量一定时,混合料的温缩系数随龄期的增加而不断增大;方差分析结果表明,对于温缩系数,龄期和二灰含量均为显著影响因素,且后者的影响更为显著;对于干缩系数,级配类型和二灰含量为显著影响因素,且前者的影响更为显著。     

二灰碎石基层材料的合理结合料质量分数

在二灰碎石最优级配的基础上，根据集料不同密实状态下的空隙率变化结合料的体积分数，通过力学性能、干缩、温缩性能试验，研究结合料质量分数的变化对路用性能的影响，并运用灰色关联决策对不同结合料质量分数下二灰碎石路用性能进行了综合评定。结果表明：当石灰与粉煤灰的质量分数达到21．5％时，二灰碎石28d抗压强度、劈裂强度和抗压模量达到最大值；二灰碎石7d龄期的干缩应变随着结合料质量分数的减少而减小；二灰碎石7d龄期的总平均温缩系数（60℃～-30℃）和低温平均温缩系数（10℃～-30℃）随着结合料质量分数的减少而减小，而高温平均温缩系数（60℃～10℃）呈增大趋势；二灰结合料存在一个最佳体积分数，即当二灰结合料的体积分数等于集料的松散状态下空隙率时，其路用综合性能才能达到最优。     

细集料含量对二灰碎石混合料性能的影响

以工程实际常用的二灰和集料比为20：80的石灰粉煤灰稳定碎石混合料为研究对象，研究分析细集料含量对二灰碎石混合料的无侧限强度、抗压回弹模量和干缩性能的影响规律。结果表明，当2.36mm以下细集料含量在10％左右时，二灰碎石混合料可取得理想的强度性能和良好的抗收缩性能，即二灰材料替代细集料可以得到性能良好的二灰混合料，并可有效提高其抗水侵蚀能力。     

骨架密实型二灰稳定碎石基层路用性能

采用无侧限抗压强度实验、干缩温缩实验、水稳定性实验以及抗冲涮实验 ,系统地研究了骨架密实型二灰稳定碎石的路用性能 ,同时与现行规范规定的级配作比较 ,结果表明 ,骨架密实型二灰稳定碎石具有优良的力学性质、干温缩性能、水稳定性以及抗冲刷性。通过试验路三年的验证 ,也说明了骨架密实型二灰稳定碎石比现行规范规定的级配具有良好的路用性质。     

减缩增强剂应用于钢渣路面基层材料的试验研究

为解决细料类精炼钢渣路面基层材料收缩开裂问题,以广西北海钢渣为研究对象,通过研究减缩增强剂各组分单掺、复掺对钢渣路面基层材料强度影响规律,研发水泥稳定钢渣路面基层材料专用减缩增强剂,提高基层强度,抑制收缩,验证其路用性能,利用电镜扫描通过路面基层材料微观结构探究减缩增强剂作用机理。试验结果表明：水泥稳定钢渣混合料中水泥的最佳掺量为8%;减缩增强剂复掺的配合比(质量比)为脱硫石膏∶早强剂∶早期膨胀剂∶MgO∶硅灰∶NaOH=17∶14.5∶17∶8.5∶14.5∶28.5,且最佳掺量为3%;减缩增强剂掺量3%的抗压强度为6.19 MPa,弯拉强度为2.13 MPa,劈裂强度0.93 MPa,均满足规范要求;通过C₁组(掺8%水泥并掺入3%减缩增强剂)与D组(只掺8%水泥)对比分析干缩性与温缩性,可见减缩增强剂的掺入能够有效地抑制水泥稳定钢渣基层的温缩量和干缩量。     

二灰碎石基层材料配合比优化试验研究

二灰碎石已广泛应用于高等级公路工程的基层，但在实际应用中，二灰用量过多容易产生温缩和干缩裂缝，而二灰用量过少又会造成强度不足，这与混合料的配合比及级配密切相关。因此，如何确定最优配合比和级配是重要的实际问题。南京新机场跑道工程的二灰碎石基层在实施前进行了对比试验，得出了具有借鉴价值的优化配合比。实践还证明，集料的粗颗粒含量可以适当超出公路规范级配的限定。     

钢渣-水泥稳定碎石性能及环境影响试验

针对钢渣在半刚性基层中的应用,确定钢渣在水泥稳定碎石中的最佳替代量,并对其力学性能、体积稳定性以及环境影响进行评价。采用扫描电镜(SEM)对钢渣表面的微观结构进行检测,X射线荧光法对其化学元素进行测试,火焰原子吸收分光光度计法(FAAS)对其金属成分进行测定;在不同水泥含量(质量分数,3%、4%、5%、6%)的水泥稳定碎石中掺入不同掺量钢渣(体积分数,0%、30%、50%、75%),开展了无侧限抗压强度、无侧限压缩模量、抗折强度、体积稳定性试验,并对不同水泥含量、颗粒粒径和盐度环境下的重金属析出进行了研究。结果表明:钢渣颗粒具有较好的工程力学性能,能一定程度上改善钢渣水泥稳定碎石的强度、刚度和干缩性能;当钢渣掺量为50%时,整体力学性能最佳;通过醋酸处理或加入硅灰可有效防止钢渣的体积膨胀,但硅灰含量不宜超过4.5%;当水泥含量较少、钢渣粒径较小或周围盐度较高时,钢渣中的重金属析出风险更大,建议采用大颗粒钢渣(粒径4.75 mm)和较高的水泥含量,以降低环境污染风险;在沿海地区,钢渣可能暴露在盐水环境中,应多加关注。通过在生产和应用过程中采取适当的控制措施,钢渣可以作为一种有效的替代骨料,在水泥稳定基层中具有良好的应用前景。     

养护温度对粉煤灰、硅灰水泥浆体强度和干缩的影响

研究了经20℃标准养护和60℃蒸汽养护后粉煤灰、硅灰对水泥浆体抗压强度和干缩的影响,结果表明:标养下,粉煤灰的掺入降低了水泥浆体的强度,当粉煤灰掺量小于40%时,水泥浆体的干缩随着掺量的增加而增大,硅灰的掺入可以提高水泥浆体的强度,掺量小于15%时,各龄期的干缩随着硅灰掺量的增加而增加。蒸养提高了浆体的3 d强度却降低了180 d强度。在蒸养下,当粉煤灰的掺量小于40%时,可以提高水泥浆体早期强度。复掺粉煤灰和硅灰可以减小水泥浆体的干缩。     

粉煤灰与粒化高炉矿渣对水泥稳定碎石强度和收缩特性影响研究

为了系统评价活性粉末对水泥稳定碎石路用性能的影响,采用无侧限抗压试验、间接抗拉试验、干缩试验和温缩试验,研究了粉煤灰与粒化高炉矿渣单掺及复掺比例对水泥稳定碎石强度和收缩性能的影响规律。结果表明:粉煤灰、粒化高炉矿渣在单掺、复掺下均能通过填充效应及二次水化反应改善水泥稳定碎石力学特性和收缩特性,其中掺加粒化高炉矿渣的水泥稳定碎石强度增长较快,复掺粉煤灰与粒化高炉矿渣对水泥稳定碎石力学特性与收缩特性改善效果最佳。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that