河南孟津地区中全新世环境变化及其对人类活动的影响

在河南孟津地区发现全新世古土壤－黄土沉积剖面和湖沼相沉积剖面。作者对这2个剖面之间进行了野外调查,绘制了其间的地层图,并在古土壤-黄土沉积剖面采样,对样品做了粒度、磁化率以及CaCO₃含量分析。通过古土壤－黄土沉积剖面与湖沼相沉积剖面的对比,研究了中全新世孟津地区环境变化及其对人类活动的影响。结果表明孟津地区在7020～5660aBP和4610～3755aBP是古湖泊形成和古土壤发育的时期,气候温暖湿润;在5660～4610aBP孟津地区经历了一次气候波动,湖泊缩小为零星湖沼, 古土壤发育中断;3755～3055aBP湖泊萎缩干涸,黄土开始沉积,气候转向冷干。河南龙山文化时代晚期,湖面水位较高,人类在古土壤上活动;二里头文化时期湖泊萎缩,人类活动向低处转移,湖泊完全干涸时人类开始在干涸的湖相沉积层上活动。     

晋陕黄土区几个全新世古土壤剖面

对于全新世有黄土堆积，并发育多层古土壤，目前地学界看法逐渐趋向一致，但这些古土壤发育在什么部位，是否都称“黑垆土”?颇有争议，现列举几个剖面以便讨论。     

泾河中游ETC全新世剖面木炭屑记录的环境信息解译

通过对泾河中游ETC全新世剖面的木炭屑分布规律的分析,结合磁化率和考古资料讨论了该地区全新世时期野火活动规律及其对环境的指示意义.表明:马兰黄土堆积时期和全新世早期,气候比较温和干燥,当地常有自然野火发生;全新世大暖期(8 500～3 100a B.P.),气候湿润,但由于人类活动的影响,野火活动仍有发生;从3 100a B. P.开始,人类活动加强,加之气候变得干旱,野火活动异常频繁.     

甘肃天水全新世黄土粒度、磁化率特征及其古气候意义

结合光释光测年和文化遗迹的断代技术,在系统测试甘肃天水师家崖黄土-古土壤剖面的磁化率和粒度基础上,分析天水黄土-古土壤的沉积学特征和成壤演化特征,揭示天水地区全新世以来的气候变化规律.结果表明:师家崖剖面是典型的风成堆积的黄土剖面,全新世剖面中粒度组成主要以粗粉砂(16～63μm)和细粉砂(2～16μm)为主,平均质量分数分别为54.9%、20.3%,其次为黏粒和砂粒;粒度参数显示,粒度组成较均一,分选性较好,峰态呈中等,偏度属正偏型.黏粒、细粉砂、黏粒/粗粉砂和磁化率在古土壤层出现高值,在黄土层为低值;而粗粉砂变化趋势相反.天水地区全新世时期气候变化可以分为3个阶段:全新世早期(11 500～8 500 aBP)气候温凉;全新世中期(8 500～3 100 aBP),气候总体上温暖湿润,但并不持续稳定,其中7 000～6 000 aBP出现气候波动;全新世晚期(3 100 aBP以来),气候又进入一个相对温凉少雨的时期.     

皖南风尘堆积—古土壤序列磁化率初步研究

将北方黄土研究中广泛应用的磁化率参数引入江南第四纪风尘堆积区研究,对安徽宣城风尘堆积－古土壤序列向阳剖面进行了系统的磁化率化采样、测试,根据该剖面磁化率及其曲线的变化特征,对其古气候指示意义进行了初步的探讨．     

扶风黄土台塬全新世多周期土壤研究

通过对陕西扶风新店村剖面的土壤学和地层学研究,以及磁化率、全铁和粒度成分分析,认为：周原黄土台塬表面完整的土壤剖面表现为多期发育的复合土壤,是由于全新世季风气候变化,导致以风尘堆积占优势的成黄土期与生物风化成壤占优势的土壤发育期相互更迭造成的;仰韶文化时期的农业耗作是下层古土壤（SO^2）,其主要发育时代为8500-6000aB.P,青铜器时代先周文化时期的耕种土壤是上层土壤（SO^1）,其发育时代是5000-3100aB.P.,这个发育良好的复合土壤又被黄土层（L。）所埋藏覆盖,因而就成为古壤;黄土（L。）是过去3100多年来以降尘堆积为主形成的,它在堆积增长的同时被不断地耕种利用发展农业。     

西安神禾塬全新世黄土磁化率反映的古气候特征

目的对西安地区全新世以来的环境演变特征进行研究,从而为预测西安地区乃至中国和全球未来环境的发展趋势提供依据。方法通过对西安神禾塬鱼包头村典型剖面全新世黄土—古土壤地层的岩性描述、地层划分和对比,结合泾阳县新庄村AMS14C的年代测定和其他学者的测年数据,建立该地区全新世以来黄土沉积年代序列。结果根据磁化率气候替代指标显示的曲线特征,得出了这一替代指标在剖面上的变化规律以及该黄土剖面所反映的东亚冬、夏季风强弱变化特点,将西安地区10 000年以来的气候演变划分为7个气候阶段。结论全新世以来,西安地区气候变化表现为周期性、不稳定性和趋势性。     

陇西黄土高原新石器文化与环境演变的可能联系

本文运用黄土－古土壤磁化率记录、＾１４Ｃ测年以及孢粉组合分析测试手段，研究了该地区全新世以来自然环境的演化（着重古气候的演化过程），揭示了全新世气候存在五个相对温暖湿润的古土壤发育阶段和五个相对干燥寒冷的粉尘堆积阶段。同时结合考古资料，探讨了环境变化与人类文化的产生、迁移、发展之间的可靠联系，指出古气候的变化是文化类型发生转变的重要原因之一。     

萧县黄土剖面的磁化率测量及意义

新近发现的萧县黄土剖面是关于淮河北部地区黄土堆积的初次报导．野外观察表明，该剖面可划分为４层古土壤和４层黄土．对该剖面磁化率测量表明，该剖面的磁化率曲线与古土壤一黄土系列有着高度的一致性．９个磁化率阶段的划分，说明磁化率测量比野外观察更能反映物质组成和古气候的细微变化．磁化率曲线峰谷变化的特征暗示该剖面堆积过程中气候转型事件的存在，这一剖面的的发现，填补了淮河中下游地区缺少黄土堆积的空白．     

西安狄寨塬全新世的古气候环境

对西安地区全新世以来的环境演变特征进行系统研究,建立该地区全新世以来黄土—古土壤沉积年代序列,揭示其反映的东亚冬、夏季风变迁规律,为预测西安地区乃至中国和全球未来环境的发展趋势提供依据.通过对西安白鹿塬刘家坡典型剖面全新世黄土—古土壤地层的岩性描述、地层划分和对比,结合泾阳县新庄村AMS14 C的年代测定和其他学者的测年数据,建立了该地区全新世以来黄土沉积年代序列.根据磁化率气候替代指标显示的曲线特征,阐述了这一替代指标在剖面上的变化规律,探讨了该黄土剖面所反映的东亚冬、夏季风强弱变化特点,论证和详细分析了西安地区全新世以来环境变化的特征和规律,进而对该剖面磁化率曲线特征与其他学者的孢粉谱建立的温度曲线对比,对西安地区全新世以来古气候的阶段性进行了详细分析和论证.将西安地区10 000年以来的气候演变划分为7个气候阶段.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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