二氧化碳气氛下碳酸钙热分解动力学研究

对CO2气氛下CaCO3的热分解过程进行了研究.采用Flynn-Wall-Ozawa公式,避开反应机理函数,求得不同转化率α下的表观活化能E,并将其外推至零,得到新物相晶核形成时的活化能Eα→0=1 921.88 kJ/mol.然后运用Coats-Redfern积分式,计算出对应于30种机理函数和不同升温速率β下的表观活化能E,并将升温速率β外推至零,得到样品在热平衡态下的Eβ→0,比较Eα→0和Eβ→0后,可认为此反应过程最概然机理函数,即为n=1/4的成核与生长过程.分析了CO2气氛下CaCO3热分解经历的几个过程.     

CaCO3分解动力学的热重研究

在升温速率为5－30K/min的范围内，利用热天平对平均粒为13．4μm的CaCO3进行了分解过程中的实验研究，应用等转化率法，在不假定机理函数的情况下，得到了CaCO3分解的活化能E＝105.24kJ/mol。该值与前人对于平均粒径D＝13μm的CaCO3分解，以控制化学反应的多步随机成核机理（机理函数G（α）＝[-ln(1-α）]^1/3）所得到的活化能E＝105.01kJ/mol非常一致。     

氟醚橡胶热分解规律及动力学研究

用热失重分析方法(TGA),研究了氟醚橡胶在氮气中的热分解规律,并探讨了不同升温条件和不同失重阶段氟醚橡胶的热分解动力学.研究结果表明：在氮气中,氟醚橡胶的热分解过程可分为两个阶段;不同升温速率下其热分解反应机理相同;升温速率越大,氟醚橡胶的分解温度越高.应用等转化率法(Friedman 微分法),在不假设反应机理函数的情况下,分析了氟醚橡胶热分解在不同转化率时的活化能,其平均值为241.4 kJ/mol;同时用Coats-Redfern法分析得出氟醚橡胶在不同升温速率时的热分解动力学参数基本相同.结合两种分析方法提出：氟醚橡胶在氮气中的热分解活化能E为244.3 kJ/mol,最理想的热分解反应机理函数为幂函数法则,其积分形式为g(α)=α3/2.     

FeS热分解动力学的热分析

FeS诱发含硫油品自燃的事故受到了业界的日益关注。通过在不同升温速率(2,5,8,10,15℃/min)下的热分析实验,应用模型和非模型拟合研究了FeS的热分解动力学机理,结果表明:FeS受热氧化是FeS与氧气物理吸附、化学吸附和化学反应过程,对FeS的模型拟合结果不稳定,可靠性较差;采用等转化率法得到FeS热分解的表观活化能E=(135.81±8.27)kJ/mol;通过Satava-Sestak方程确定了FeS的受热分解符合成核和生长模型函数A2:g(α)=[-ln(1-α)]1/2,其表观活化能E=148.43kJ/mol,表观指前因子A=3.82×109 K/s。     

对-叔丁基杯[4]的热力学和热分析动力学

用热重TG和DSC对杯芳烃对-叔丁基杯[4]热分解过程进行了研究,用多升温速率法和单升温速率法相结合的方法推断出了对-叔丁基杯[4]热分解的可能过程,并推断出了其可能的裂解反应动力学方程及热分析动力学参数;得出了结论脱包结甲苯的过程为23号机理函数,为三级反应过程,动力学方程为dα/dt=Ae-(E)/(RT)(1)/(2)(1-α)3;;表观活化能E为166.97 kJ*mol-1,指前因子A为1.67×1016 s-1;自身热分解脱去叔丁基的过程为1号机理函数,反应过程为一维扩散,动力学方程为dα/dt=Ae-(E)/(RT)(1)/(2)α;活化能E为248.89 kJ*mol-1,指前因子A为42.89 s-1.     

成型菱镁矿粉矿分解动力学

为研究成型菱镁矿粉矿在分解过程中的分解行为机理,利用TG法分析成型菱镁矿粉矿在3,4,5℃/min升温速率下的转化率,并通过Coats-Redfern方程确立成型菱镁矿粉矿热分解动力学三因子。结果表明:成型菱镁矿粉矿分解活化能为96.67 k J/mol,指前因子为4.18×10~5s~(~(-1)),反应机理为三维扩散,由Z-L-T方程控制的三维扩散3D模型为最概然机理函数,动力学微分方程为dα/dt=4.18×10~5exp(-96.67/RT)1.5(1-α)~(4/3)[(1-α)~(-1/3)~(-1)]~(-1)     

微细菱镁矿热分解过程及动力学

采用TG-DSC热分析技术,在不同升温速率下对高纯微细菱镁矿进行热分解动力学研究.结果表明:随着升温速率的增大,菱镁矿分解速率不断增大且最大分解速率也向高温区偏移.首先使用Hu-Gao-Zhang方程对不同升温速率的TG数据进行计算,确定了热分解机理函数的唯一性和活化能.进而采用双等双步法和产品形貌分析,确定其最概然机理函数为f(α)=2(1-α)^1/2,热分解沿解理面向内进行,属于典型的相边界反应.最后利用Flynn-Wall-Ozawa方程求得指前因子,建立了微细菱镁矿的热分解动力学方程.用两组不同升温速率的TG数据对所建立方程进行验证,方程合理.     

一种新的热分析动力学数据处理方法

提出了一种新的研究固相反应动力学和机理的新方法.该方法是在几条TA曲线上同一温度和同一转化率α处的数据进行动力学分析,从而获得动力学三因子(kinetic triplet),即活化能E、指前因子A、机理函数f(α).其优点是活化能与机理函数分别求取,而且确定机理函数时不受E值的影响,求E值时也不受机理函数的影响.     

研究碳酸钙分解反应机理及表观活化能的新方法

利用热分析技术,在氮气气氛下,对不同升温速率的碳酸钙热分解过程进行了研究.应用微分法将反应的表观活化能分为速率活化能(Er)和模式函数活化能(Ef(α))两部分.根据Er与转化率(α)的关系,确定了反应过程的本征活化能,并采用Malek法研究了反应机理.研究结果表明:分解机理为收缩圆柱体;当0.1≤a≤0.5时,表观活...     

分段尝试法研究半焦/CO2气化反应过程动力学

为了深入了解半焦与CO2的气化反应过程动力学,本文通过不同升温速率下的非等温实验,确定在不同阶段下富鼎半焦与CO2的气化机理.采用分段尝试法研究富鼎半焦与CO2气化反应过程动力学,确定反应过程前期与后期的机理函数分别为f(α)=(1-α)[1-ψln(1-α)]1/2和f(α)=(3/2)[(1-α)-1/3-1]-1,从而建立相应动力学模型,计算反应过程不同阶段的动力学参数.通过对不同阶段的动力学模型进行数据拟合,实验数据与模型吻合较好,相关系数都大于0.98.最后,根据求得的动力学参数,确定不同升温速率下活化能的补偿效应,即活化能与指前因子的关系式.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that