影响长江口深水航道骤淤的非常态天气过程Ⅰ:台风的路径特征及数值验证

为归纳长江口深水航道台风期骤淤的发生规律及特征,分析了发生骤淤时刻的气象条件与对应的波浪条件。研究发现,牛皮礁站的波能与骤淤具有较好的相关性;从台风路径上分析,长江口东侧过境台风对航道的骤淤影响显著。结合历史台风路径,选取3个典型路径的台风,选择藤田-高桥圆形经验风场和CFSR(climate forecast system reanalysis)风场的混合风场复演了台风场,然后采用SWAN模型模拟了不同路径台风期间的波况,最后以牛皮礁站的浅水波能流为判别参数,分析不同路径台风对长江口深水航道骤淤的影响。研究表明长江口东侧过境的台风是较易产生较大波能并进一步诱发骤淤的典型台风路径,这一分析结果与2010年以来的骤淤实测台风路径结果吻合。     

台风风场研究及其数值模拟

对近年来台风风场研究及其数值模拟方法作了论述.阐述了浮标和地面台站观测、飞机侦察、雷达卫星高空观测等台风观测手段;阐明了简易参数分析模型、定常动力学模型、非定常动力学模型、运动学模型等台风风场模型;分析了既有风场模型对我国东南、华南沿海海域台风风场模拟的适用性,又论述了基于台风内各站点、基于台风影响区域、台风全路径等极值风速预测研究手段.最后,展望了台风风场数值模拟的发展趋势和需解决的问题.     

非平稳台风-桥分析系统

 从风场模拟、验证和荷载处理3个方面考虑台风非平稳特性,构建了台风-桥分析系统。构建了台风风场模拟验证系统方法,基于非平稳风速模拟方法建立台风风场模拟方法,并引入非均匀调制进化谱对模拟风场进行验证;基于良态风荷载处理方法,建立了台风荷载处理方法,并采用APDL语言进行ANSYS二次开发,建立台风-桥时域分析系统;采用建立的分析系统对台风作用下某斜拉桥桥梁响应进行分析。结果表明,模拟功率谱和验证进化谱吻合良好,提出的台风风场模拟和验证系统方法合理有效;模拟台风风速与台风作用下的桥梁响应时程曲线均与时变平均风速变化趋势相同,且波动幅度随时变平均风速的减小而减小;基于平稳特性经典风谱直接对台风风场进行模拟不合适。     

基于YanMeng模型模拟台风的初步探索

利用风场模型对台风进行数值模拟得到极值风速这一方法已被广泛应用.首先详细介绍YanMeng风场模型物理模型及数值解法;着重强调该模型中的两个随机参数:Holland参数B、等效粗糙长度z_0,讨论了它们对气压场及风速的影响程度,并给出相应取值方法;最后以YanMeng风场模型作为技术背景,根据厦门气象局提供的实测台风数据对台风DAN进行数值模拟,得到梯度风场以及台风影响下厦门地区表面风速,以证明YanMeng 风场模型的可行性.     

台风风场随机参数敏感性分析

在沿海台风多发区域，高耸和长大结构对于台风风速作用非常敏感，故有必要合理估算结构寿命期内可能遭遇的台风极值风速，结合台风气候条件下风速分布模型与Monte-Carlo可靠度分析方法，构建了台风风场随机模型，分析了台风风场风速的分布特点，数值化地再现台风的基本结构．选用1949年至2001年对上海地区有明显作用的75个台风记录，用敏感性分析方法计算了台风风场多个随机参数对于台风极值风速的贡献程度，为台风随机模型的极值风速预测作了必要的准备．     

地形起伏变化下的边界层参数化台风风场模型

对于登陆台风来说,采用平坦下垫面和单一的地表粗糙长度假设并不能与实际情况相吻合.为了更准确地模拟台风近地面风场,基于现有参数化台风风场模型,采用随地形变化的坐标系建模方法和高精度地形与土地覆盖资料,考虑了台风登陆过程中地形起伏和土地覆盖变化的影响.针对历史上影响广东省的3个台风案例,利用大量观测数据对比和验证了改进后的台风风场模型.对比结果表明:改进后的参数化台风风场模型对风速的模拟并没有表现出明显的系统偏差,并且能较好地模拟出台风登陆过程中风速风向的时程变化.     

台湾海峡台风浪的数值模拟

采用第3代海浪模式SWAN(simulation waves nearshore),在考虑了波浪折射、底摩擦、破碎、白浪、风能输入、非线性波波相互作用等物理过程的基础上,分别应用Jelesnianski模型风场、藤田气压公式计算的梯度风场以及考虑台湾海峡和台湾岛地形影响的台风风场(陈德文台风风场)模型,数值模拟了0813号"森拉克"、0815号"蔷薇"和0908号"莫拉克"3场台风过程在台湾海峡产生的台风浪,并与浮标观测结果对比.结果表明,陈德文台风风场模型数值模拟的台风浪结果与实测符合较好,其中模拟结果的有效波高平均绝对误差为0.55m,有效波高峰值平均绝对误差为0.19m,说明其对台风浪的模拟尤其是灾害性台风浪的模拟是成功的.     

东南沿海不同路径台风危险性研究

本文基于东南沿海地区1960—2019年台风路径数据，结合台风风场参数模型对不同类别的路径进行了风速模拟，并在此基础上进行了重现期风速估计，分析了不同类别台风路径的危险性差异.研究结果表明：(1)登陆东南沿海地区的台风路径主要有西北直行类台风（西北行台风、远西北行台风）和东北转向型台风，其中西北直行类台风数量最多且整体呈下降的趋势，东北转向型台风约占1/3，近20年呈上升的趋势；(2)不同路径台风的影响范围具有明显差异，东北转向类台风的影响范围明显大于西北直行类台风的影响范围；(3)远西北行台风极值风速最高，西北行台风极值风速最低，即远西北行台风危险性最大，并由东向西呈阶梯状递减.     

台风风场模型适应性研究

基于数值模拟方法进行台风危险性分析去估算重现期极值风速,在国内外已得到普遍采用.进行台风数值模拟依赖于台风风场模型,不同的台风风场模型对同一地区的适应性并不一致.通过阐述几种典型的台风风场模型,并利用台风Betty（87）和York（99）两个台风实测风速和风向记录对这些台风风场模型进行对比验证,为极值风速推断选择适合于我国东南沿海的风场模型.     

广州地区台风极值风特性蒙特卡罗随机模拟

结合1949—2003年台风年鉴统计资料和广州气象站逐时（连续）气象观测记录,采用蒙特卡罗台风风场随机模型和敏感度分析方法,计算了广州地区不同场地类别风环境随机参数对于台风极值风速的影响,并对该区域的台风风场参数合理取值进行了优化.以越界峰值法和广义Pareto分布探讨了工程场地目标重现期内极值风速预测分析过程,再现了几类典型工程场地台风风环境梯度风高度、平均风剖面、极值风速和阵风因子取值特点,并与规范结果进行了对比.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that