Occurrence of sulfonamide antibiotics in sewage treatment plants

The occurrence of sulfonamide antibiotics （SAs） was investigated in the six sewage treatment plants （STPs） of Beijing, China. Of the 13 objective antibiotics, suIfamethoxazole, suIfapyrldine, suIfamerazine, sulfadiazine and suIfamethizol were detected in the influents with the average concentrations of 1.2 ± 0.45, 0.29 ± 0.25, 0.048 ± 0.012, 0.35 ± 0.52 and 0.33 ± 0.21 μg·L^-1, respectively, and those in the effluents were 1.4 ± 0.74, 0.22 ± 0.19, 0.021 ± 0.008, 0.22 ± 0.21and 0.01± 0 μg·L^-1, respectively. SuIfamethoxazole was the predominant compound detected, and was found in all wastewater samples with the other two compounds sulfapyridine and suIfamerazine. It should be noted that suIfadiazine was first reported in wastewatera, and the concentration levels of all detected compounds except for suIfamethizol （detected once in the effluent samples） in the influents were observed to be similar to those in the effluents. From the dsts in this study, it can be found that suIfamethoxazole, suIfapyridine, suIfamerazine and suIfadiazine could be partly removed in anoxic and aerobic treatment unit and vice versa in anaerobic process, which led to their low or even negative removal rates in the effluents. The increase on the concentrations of suIfamethoxazole and suIfapyridine in the effluents was found probably due to the biotransformation of their acetylated forms in anaerobic treatment unit. In addition, it was observed that the biodegradation of suIfamethoxazole and suIfapyridine could partly occur during the anoxic and aerobic process, while suIfamerazine was partly eliminated in the anaerobic and anoxic units.     

山蚂蝗属3种植物的抗氧化性能研究

 采用分光光度法和电子顺磁共振法对广金钱草、三点金草、红母鸡草乙醇提取物的抗氧化性能进行了分析研究.结果表明,广金钱草、三点金草、红母鸡草提取物对羟自由基的清除率分别是60.7%,67.5%,78.4%,对超氧阴离子自由基的清除率分别是87.5%,80.6%,74.2%,对香烟烟气自由基的平均清除率分别是21.1%,31.6%,17.0%,对脂质过氧化的抑制率分别是79.4%,85.7%,71.6%.     

Assaying poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity in plants by polarographic method

A new method has been developed to assay poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity in plant tissues through determining the content of nicotinamide (NIC) produced by enzymatic reaction by linear sweeping polarographic method. The detection limit of NIC was 0.03μmol/L, the calibration graph was linear up to 5 Mmol/L ( r = 0.999). The recoveries were approximately in the range of 92% to 98% and the relative standard deviations were less than 6.6% . Moreover, NAD+ and other interference existing in the mixture after enzymatic reaction had been removed by simple pretreatment, thus PARP assays were not interfered. A rapid, simple, sensitive and reliable nonisotopic method is reported to assay PARP activity in plant tissues . The results show that the KmNAD+ value of PARP in maize ( Zea mays L.) seedlings is 59 and the optimum pH for PARP activity is 8.5. Moreover, physiological conditions affect PARP activity in plant tissues, which has not been reported previously. When tobacco ( Nico-tiana tobacum) suspension cells were stressed by NaCI at low concentrations (100, 200 mmol/ L), the PARP activity increased significantly; when the cells were stressed at high concentrations (400, 1 000 mmol/L), it decreased to or even below the control level. PARP activity in etiolated maize seedlings was higher than that in light-grown seedlings.     

九种黔产植物多糖的体外免疫调节活性研究

目的:评价9种黔产植物多糖的免疫调节作用。方法制备脾淋巴细胞悬液,分别将样品与LPS或ConA共同作用于脾淋巴细胞,用MTT法测定淋巴细胞的增殖情况。将多糖作用于RAW264.7细胞,用ELISA测定细胞上清中TNF-α含量,判断样品对RAW264.7细胞的活化情况。结果:土党参多糖、薯蓣多糖、竹根假万寿竹多糖对LPS刺激B淋巴细胞增殖有促进作用。楮实多糖对ConA刺激T淋巴细胞的增殖有促进作用。轮叶沙参多糖、绞股蓝多糖、党参多糖、金樱子多糖对T、B淋巴细胞增殖均有促进作用。而绞股蓝多糖、薯蓣多糖、金樱子多糖、楮实多糖、竹根假万寿竹多糖能诱导RAW264.7细胞TNF-α表达上调。结论:九种黔产植物多糖在促淋巴细胞增殖和巨噬细胞活化中表现出明显差异,其中绞股蓝多糖有较好的免疫增强活性。     

In vitro screening of immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides of nine species of plants in Guizhou province

目的：评价9种黔产植物多糖的免疫调节作用。方法制备脾淋巴细胞悬液,分别将样品与LPS或ConA共同作用于脾淋巴细胞,用MTT法测定淋巴细胞的增殖情况。将多糖作用于RAW264.7细胞,用ELISA测定细胞上清中TNF-α含量,判断样品对RAW264.7细胞的活化情况。结果：土党参多糖、薯蓣多糖、竹根假万寿竹多糖对LPS刺激B淋巴细胞增殖有促进作用。楮实多糖对ConA刺激T淋巴细胞的增殖有促进作用。轮叶沙参多糖、绞股蓝多糖、党参多糖、金樱子多糖对T、B淋巴细胞增殖均有促进作用。而绞股蓝多糖、薯蓣多糖、金樱子多糖、楮实多糖、竹根假万寿竹多糖能诱导RAW264.7细胞TNF-α表达上调。结论：九种黔产植物多糖在促淋巴细胞增殖和巨噬细胞活化中表现出明显差异,其中绞股蓝多糖有较好的免疫增强活性。     

几种植物有效成分的提取及杀虫活性研究

对10种植物的有效成分进行了提取,通过对提取物的抑菌试验和杀虫活性试验,筛选出3种较好的Bt菌混剂候选复配植物,还对其中最具开发价值的植物砂地柏进行了不同有机溶剂提取物杀虫活性的比较试验,并确定了石油醚为最佳提取溶剂。     

14种高原植物抑制植物病原菌活性的初步研究

采用生长速率法检测了11科14种高原植物的乙醇提取物对6种植物病原真茵的抑制活性.实验结果显示,在样品的作用浓度为1 mg/mL时,香青、铁线莲、露蕊乌头的乙醇提取物对苹果腐烂病原茵有明显的抑制作用,抑制率分别为77.10%、68.14%、67.53%;香青、露蕊乌头、金露梅、木鳖子对苹果炭疽病原茵也有值得关注的抑制作...     

Occurrence of magnetic bacteria in soil

Enrichment of the ferrimagnetic minerals magnetite and maghemite is frequently observed in the top layer of soil horizons. Although both inorganic and organic processes are known to produce magnetite, magnetite in soils has been ascribed to an inorganic origin. We report here the discovery of living magnetic bacteria, similar to those found in salt- and fresh-water sediments, in the A horizon of a well developed soil profile in a typical meadow environment in southern Bavaria. The bacteria were detected in fresh samples using an optical microscope equipped with a rotating magnetic field and a volumetrically calibrated depression slide, permitting accurate counts of the volume density of the organisms. We suggest that magnetic bacteria and their magnetofossils can contribute to the magnetic properties of soils.     

Expression of rabbit defensin NP-1 gene in transgenic tobacco plants and its activity against bacterial wilt

A cDNA-derived 200 bp fragment encoding a rabbit defensin NP-1 mature peptide was ligated into the GUS-less pBH21 to yield pBIC-35NP1. Tobacco leaf discs were genetically transformed with anAgrobacterium tumefaclens strain harbouring pBIC-3SNP1. Northern blot analysis showed that the defensin NP-1 expression cassette was normally transcribed in transgenic plants. Resistance tests demonstrated that expression of native defensin NP-1 can confer partial resistance to the bacterial wilt pathogen,Ralstonia solanacearum.     

Imprinting in plants

Genomic imprinting leads to the differential expression of parental alleles after fertilization. Imprinting appears to have evolved independently in mammals and flowering plants to regulate the development of nutrient-transfer placental tissues. In addition, the regulation of imprinting in both mammals and flowering plants involves changes in DNA methylation and histone methylation, thus suggesting that the epigenetic signals that regulate imprinting have been co-opted in these distantly related species.     

五种鳞毛蕨科植物总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性分析

采用铝盐显色分光光度法研究了5种鳞毛蕨科植物的总黄酮含量,并对其抗氧化活性进行分析.结果表明:所研究的5种鳞毛蕨科植物的总黄酮含量在5%~8%;狭顶鳞毛蕨的总黄酮含量最多(8.24%),其次是半岛鳞毛蕨(6.53%)和戟叶耳蕨(5.2%),变异鳞毛蕨(5.01%)和暗鳞鳞毛蕨(5.01%)的总黄酮含量最低;5种鳞毛蕨科植物的黄酮提取液具有良好的抗氧化能力,且提取的黄酮类化合物的添加量在实验剂量范围内与其抗氧化活性(铁还原力、DPPH自由基清除活性、ABTS+清除活性)呈正相关.为鳞毛蕨科植物资源的开发利用提供参考.     

植物的交流

植物神经生物学是植物科学近年发展起来的新兴领域，研究内容主要包括：植物细胞和组织问的信号传导、植物与微生物相互作用以及植物群落中不同信号的他感作用等。