稠油污水回用处理技术室内模拟研究

为实现高含盐稠油污水回用于热采锅炉,采用气浮和生物接触氧化除油、双膜法除盐的处理工艺对稠油污水进行回用处理.试验结果表明:气浮可以有效去除悬浮油,保证生化进水含油量小于20mg/L;生物接触氧化可以将含油量降到1mg/L以下,COD降到100mg/L以下;超滤出水的含油去除率为100%,COD小于20mg/L,SDI3.反渗透出水的总硬度去除率97%,脱盐率89%.反渗透出水可代替清水用于热采锅炉.     

反渗透与纳滤膜分离技术在铜矿废水回收中的应用研究

研究了反渗透和纳滤膜在铜矿废水处理回用情况,考察并对比了反渗透和纳滤膜的透过液浓度、膜通量、清洗状况以及对废水的浓缩倍数(浓缩液Cu2+浓度)等参数.试验发现,一级反渗透和纳滤的透过液浓度分别为8mg/L和14mg/L,对Cu2+的截留率分别达到96.64%和94.19%,二级纳滤浓缩液Cu2+浓度可达到4000mg/L以上,满足Cu2+回收的要求,二级反渗透膜脱盐处理后的产水Cu2+浓度可低至0.2mg/L以下,满足回用水要求.研究表明,将反渗透和纳滤膜分离技术应用到铜矿废水处理工程中是可行的,具有显著的经济利益和社会效益.     

采油污水反渗透淡化预处理试验研究

为了验证"生化—絮凝—双介质过滤—超滤"作为油田采油污水反渗透淡化处理的预处理工艺的可行性,试验考察了处理工艺对降低污水含油量、COD、浊度等指标的效果.试验结果表明:当生化处理停留时间为10 h时,生化出水含油量、COD分别由处理前的30～60 mg/L和314～464mg/L下降到处理后的0.5～2.0 mg/L和86～122 mg/L.生化出水再经絮凝—双介质过滤—超滤工艺处理后,出水含油量小于0.5 mg/L,浊度小于0.2NTU,SDI值小于3.0,达到反渗透进水要求,且生化出水絮凝处理可以改善超滤膜运行状况.     

反渗透膜处理PTA精制单元废水研究

采用反渗透膜法处理PTA精制单元废水,探讨了反渗透工艺条件如回收率、操作压力、料液温度等对膜性能的影响,从中得出较佳的工艺条件.同时,将反渗透的浓缩水回流到集水池中,结果表明反渗透透过水仍然可以符合工艺指标.此外,还考察了物理清洗及不同的化学清洗剂对膜通量的恢复情况.结果表明,化学清洗的效果明显优于物理清洗;而在化学清洗剂中,NaOH溶液对于反渗透膜的膜通量有较好恢复作用.     

望亭发电厂改建工程锅炉补给水系统中的“超滤”设计及应用

详细介绍了一种＂超滤＂系统工艺的设计及计算,该工艺具有产水品质高、产水水质稳定、运行操作简便等特点,系统出水SDI﹤3、浊度﹤0.4 NTU、悬浮物﹤1 mg/L、产水回收率≥90%,满足DL/Z 952—2005《火力发电厂超滤水处理装置验收导则》的要求,达到反渗透系统进水标准。     

超滤-反渗透组合工艺深度处理肉类加工废水的试验

目的研究超滤-反渗透组合工艺深度处理肉类加工废水的效果及工艺参数,保证出水能够达到满足企业内的冲洗圈栏、运输车、空调补水,提高肉类加工废水的循环利用率.方法以某肉类加工公司污水处理站的出水为试验用水,设计并建立过滤-超滤-反渗透组合工艺小试,通过间断运行并定期清洗的方法研究该工艺对COD、T-P、硬度等处理效果,并通过收集产水及浓水量计算产水率.结果超滤-反渗透工艺处理后的出水指标COD、T-P和硬度的质量浓度分别为6.2 mg/L,0.13 mg/L和6.15 mg/L,去除率分别达到了90%,95%,99%,产水率达到35%,可达到回用标准.结论超滤-反渗透工艺深度处理肉类加工废水能够取得良好的效果,出水可以用于企业内部的直流冷却水、锅炉补水、屠宰车间清洗(包括圈栏冲洗、淋洗等)等,并且通过增加反透膜的段数和级数可进一步提高产水率以达到较好的经济效益.     

间苯三酚生产废水处理的试验研究

采用两段化学絮凝-湿式催化氧化-氯氧化-硅藻土混凝和微滤分离膜过滤组合工艺对间苯三酚生产废水进行处理,研究Fenton试剂、絮凝剂、NaClO用量对处理效果的影响.废水经组合工艺处理后,间苯三酚浓度由5.08g/L下降为0.36mg/L,去除率接近100%;COD由46450mg/L下降为24.6mg/L,去除率接近100%;颜色由深棕色完全褪尽,去除率为100%;处理后的出水浊度为0.18NTU,色度为5度.处理后的每吨水可回收硫酸钠、氯化钠等无机盐40千克.实验结果表明该处理工艺效果优良,实现了废水的处理与资源化.     

MTO超高浓度有机废水处理的研究

MTO工艺产生的超高浓度有机废水,COD高达十万mg/L。传统方法大多是将有机物氧化成CO2和H2O,造成能源的浪费。本文先通过精馏的方法分离出低沸点且易溶于水的醇和酮等有机物,轻组分回收率达90%;然后对静置后的釜残液过滤,去除浮油,进一步降低COD;再在常温下利用活性炭对滤液进行吸附。结果表明,当馏出液质量分数达到4.2%时,浓缩水的COD值降低97%;当质量空速在4h-1时,浓缩水变得清澈透明,COD值降低至643mg/L,可以排放至生化池进一步处理。     

冷冻浓缩法处理高盐废水的研究进展

工业生产过程产生大量高盐废水，水质成分复杂，含有大量Na⁺、Cl^-、SO₄^2-等盐离子及有毒物。传统高盐废水处理技术仍存在效率低、运行成本高的特点，冷冻浓缩作为一种高效清洁且无二次污染的处理技术而得到广泛关注，但冷冻浓缩所制备的冰晶存在杂质是当前亟待解决的问题。总结了近年来冷冻浓缩技术在高盐废水处理领域的研究进展。对冷冻时间、冷冻温度、初始溶液浓度等关键参数进行研究；通过浸泡、重力、加水等净化方法对杂质冰晶进行净化；为了加快脱盐进程和提高脱盐效果，探究了成核剂和超声波辅助冷冻浓缩的方法，并对冷冻浓缩技术的能耗进行了经济性分析；最后对技术发展进行了总结和展望，以期对冷冻浓缩处理高盐废水的发展和实践提供一定的参考。     

膜分离法纯化天然牛磺酸的研究

为了研究膜分离法纯化天然牛磺酸的工艺条件,利用超滤和反渗透浓缩技术,考察了Ultra-flo和卷式膜超滤系统对牛磺酸水提液中的固体悬浮物和蛋白质等杂质的清除效果.结果表明:截留相对分子质量30 000的聚丙烯腈膜平均膜通量达88 L/(m2·h),截留相对分子质量1 000的卷式膜平均膜通量为45 L/(m2·h),经两级超滤,蛋白质质量分数可降至0.2 %以下,滤液质量高,利于后续工艺.离子交换后,牛磺酸收集液经反渗透可浓缩35倍左右,平均膜通量为43 L/(m2·h).     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that