贵州喀斯特山区土地利用格局变化及土壤侵蚀效应——以大方县为例

喀斯特山区生态脆弱,土壤侵蚀将导致严重的土地退化和生态破坏。以2000年、2010年大方县土地利用矢量数据和土壤侵蚀遥感调查数据作为主要信息源,基于GIS技术和数理统计方法,分析大方县2000~2010年土壤侵蚀和土地利用的动态变化特征;计算并对比2000年,2010年不同土地利用类型的土壤侵蚀强度指数,反映土地利用变化对土壤侵蚀的影响。结果表明:研究区土地利用类型以林地、耕地和草地为主,且耕地面积减少,林、草地和水域用地面积增加;土壤侵蚀以微度侵蚀为主,面积明显增加,主要来自于轻度、中度和强烈侵蚀;不同土地利用类型下的土壤侵蚀强度大小为:耕地草地未利用地林地建设用地水域。2000~2010年,大方县土地利用格局变化向有利于水土保持的方向发展,土壤侵蚀强度减弱。     

江苏省土地利用变化特征与驱动机制研究

以江苏省为例,利用2000年和2010年的土地利用矢量数据,从土地利用类型的结构、土地利用动态度和转移方向等角度分析了江苏省土地利用变化特征,并利用江苏省社会经济类数据分析影响土地利用变化的驱动因素.结果表明:(1)2000年-2010年,10年间江苏省城乡工矿居民用地大幅增加,扩张最为明显,水域面积尤其是水库坑塘面积也有明显增加,而耕地面积则大量减少,未利用土地中裸土地的土地利用动态度最大,变化最为剧烈.(2)从转移方向来看,耕地主要转向城乡工矿居民用地和水库坑塘用地;增加的城乡工矿居民用地主要来自耕地,其次是水域、林地和草地;水域用地中水库坑塘增加的面积主要来源于耕地、滩涂、草地和城乡工矿居民用地.(3)对江苏省土地利用类型变化影响较为显著的因素主要有经济发展、人口增长、产业结构和政府政策4个方面.     

珠江口湾区沿岸土地利用时空格局变化分析

文章以多源遥感影像为基础,获取珠江口湾区1990年、1995年、2004年和2012年土地利用分类数据,并利用4个指数模型,对珠江口湾区3个时期土地利用结构时空格局变化差异进行对比研究.结果表明:珠江口湾区建设用地主要通过占用农用地和林地不断扩张,其主要驱动力为人类活动;3个时期变化较活跃的类型分别为围垦滩涂、建设用地和养殖用地,且初期综合土地利用动态度值高于中期和后期;珠江口湾区西岸土地利用类型重心呈现向珠海靠拢趋势;建设用地整体重心受地理位置、发展模式、填海造地和政府决策影响,逐年向西岸迁移;围垦滩涂整体重心向东岸移动,珠江口湾区5市重心移动具有明显的向海和向水域特征;湾区填海扩张方式主要表现为港口、道路、自贸区、公园以及机场建设,其中深圳市发展模式更符合可持续发展需要.     

基于RS的闽西山区土地利用/覆盖变化监测及驱动力研究

在研究区以遥感图像为数据源,建立土地利用变化转移矩阵,并用驱动力空间分类的方法,分析驱动力因素.结果表明研究区土地利用变化呈林地、水域和建设用地增加的趋势,耕地呈明显的下降趋势;其主要驱动力为人口增长、城市化建设、区位条件、交通条件及农业产业结构调整等.     

“一带一路”背景下的新疆和田地区土地利用时空变化及驱动力分析

利用和田地区2000、2005、2010与2015年土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)数据及相关资料,通过采用土地利用动态度模型及土地利用转移矩阵等方法,对和田地区近15年的土地利用变化情况进行分析。研究表明:(1)2000-2015年和田地区耕地和建设用地呈现明显增加的趋势,其面积分别增加了985 km2和21 km2,其余各类用地面积都出现不同程度的减少,减少最大的为草地,减少面积为555 km2。土地利用动态度分析得出,2000-2015年间耕地和建设用地单一动态度较大,其余各类单一动态度则较小,综合土地利用动态度相对变化不大;(2)和田地区2000-2005年和2010-2015年各县市土地利用相对变化率较大,主要集中在耕地、草地、建设用地和未利用地,2005-2010年除个别县市外,土地利用相对变化率相对不变;(3)土地利用类型转移主要集中在2000-2005年及2010-2015年两个时间段,其转移地类主要表现在草地—耕地、未利用地—耕地与耕地—建设用地方面;土地利用转移空间变化主要沿河流纵向及人类聚居的绿洲和城市周边分布;(4)和田地区各县市近15年的土地利用变化存在着较大且较明显的区域差异性。     

乡村工业化地区土地利用变化及驱动力分析--以福建省晋江市为例

基于不同时相(1988和2000年)的遥感数据,在GIS支持下对晋江市12年来土地利用的数量和空间变化特征进行分析,并探讨了晋江市土地利用变化的驱动力.研究表明:(1)建设用地(主要是城镇用地、农村居民点与工矿用地)通过大量占用农用地而急剧增加,已成为主要的土地利用类型.土地利用多样性指数和破碎度指数提高,优势度减小;建设用地的空间分布趋于集中化,农用地则趋于破碎化和分散化.(2)政策体制转变和侨乡因素推动的乡村工业化、城镇化是引起晋江市土地利用大规模变化的根本驱动力.城镇用地扩展的主要驱动力是城镇人口的增加和第三产业的发展;农村居民点与工矿用地变化的驱动力主要来自分散布局的乡镇企业的发展以及乡村住宅建设需求增长.     

济南市土地利用与覆被变化特征分析

利用2000年和2005年遥感影像的ETM数据,以山东省济南市为研究区,分析2000—2005年土地利用与土地覆被类型变化。重点探讨了济南市土地利用变化转移和土地利用类型动态度。研究表明:济南市2000—2005年耕地和未利用土地变化幅度最大,耕地的转移流向主要集中于草地、林地和水域等。从土地利用类型动态度看,水域、建设用地及耕地动态度增大,综合土地利用类型动态度呈上升趋势,受人类活动影响较大。     

长江三角洲土地利用变化及驱动力分析

利用1985，1995和2000年Landsat TM数据和相关统计资料，分析了长江三角洲近15年来土地刊用变化及驱动因子。结果表明：(1)近15年来长江三角洲主要土地利用类型的变化表现为耕地数量持续减少．建设用地和池塘快速增加，林地呈先增加后减少的波动趋势；(2)土地利用变化的区域差异明显．就耕地的变化而言，土地利用动态度最大相差30倍以上；(3)建设用地重心的转移幅度明显大于耕地重心的转移辐度；(4)土地利用变化与社会经济驱动因子之间的关系可以用3对典型相关变量表示，耕地、建设用地、林地和草地变化分别对应于不同的社会经济驱动因子。     

儋州湾海岸带土地利用时空演变研究

基于儋州湾海岸带地区2000、2010、2013和2016年4期Landsat遥感影像数据,利用RS和GIS技术进行遥感图像解译和多时相海岸带土地利用制图.应用定量分析方法、土地利用动态度模型和转移矩阵模型,分析和评价了儋州湾海岸带土地利用时空演变特征.结果表明:儋州湾海岸16年内发生了大幅度的变化,变化趋势是由陆向海推进.时间上,研究区域在2010年之前动态变化较小,2010年之后动态变化增大,其中以2010—2013年土地利用动态变化最大;空间上,研究区域动态变化的热点区域位于洋浦半岛和洋浦湾.研究区域以农用地为主,10种土地利用类型中以旅游用地、建设用地和道路的动态变化最为显著;土地转移主要表现为农用地向建设用地、旅游用地、道路、池塘的转移以及近岸水域向建设用地和旅游用地的转移.     

曲靖市陆良县近20年土地利用时空变化

基于陆良县2000、2010、2020年土地利用覆被数据,借助土地利用动态度、土地利用转移矩阵、标准差椭圆对陆良县近20年的土地利用时空变化进行研究.结果表明：(1)耕地、草地、林地是陆良县主要的土地利用类型,研究期间,草地、耕地、林地和未利用地面积减少,建设用地和水域面积增加,其中建设用地面积增加幅度最大.(2)土地利用综合动态度较小,土地利用变化总体较平缓,建设用地增加较快.(3)耕地、草地、林地相互转移量大,建设用地的扩张主要是通过占用中部坝区的耕地来实现.(4)建设用地总体呈东北—西南的布局特征,重心迁移变化不明显,2000年建设用地的空间聚集性最强.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.