硅甲基亚胺与水亲核加成反应机理的理论研究

采用量子化学从头算和密度泛函方法在HF/6-31G**及B3LYP/6-31G**水平上对硅甲基亚胺与水间的亲核加成反应机理进行了理论研究.利用能量梯度法对反应途径上各驻点的几何构型进行了优化,对过渡态进行了振动分析确认.结果表明:该反应为一由两步基元过程所构成的复杂反应,两反应物首先经过一无势垒过程形成中间体复合物,该复合物经过四元环过渡态形成产物,第二步过程的活化势垒为1.67kJ·mol-1(B3LYP/6-31G**).总反应为强放热过程.     

二氟亚烷基卡宾与丙酮环加成反应的量化研究

用量子化学的二阶微扰和密度泛函理论研究了单重态二氟亚烷基卡宾和丙酮环加成反应的机理.在MP2/6-31G*和B3LYP/6-31G*基组水平上,优化得到了反应途径上反应物\,过渡态\,中间体和产物的几何构型;计算并考察了5种可能的反应途径,势能面上各驻点的构型参数\,振动频率和能量;通过振动分析对过渡态和中间体构型进行了确认.计算结果表明,二氟亚烷基卡宾与丙酮环加成反应的主要反应通道由3步组成:(1) 两反应物首先生成一富能中间体INT1b,它是一无势垒的放热反应,放出的热量为122.1 kJ/mol;(2) 中间体INT1b经过过渡态TS3a1异构化为另一中间体INT3a,其势垒为14.3 kJ/mol;(3) 中间体INT3a又经过过渡态TS4异构化四元环产物P4,其势垒为4.6 kJ/mol.     

COS与O(3P)反应的理论研究

用量子化学密度泛函理论(DFT)和G3B3方法,对COS与O(^3P)的反应进行了理论研究.在UB3LYP/6-31G^*, UB3LYP/6-311^ G^**和G3B3计算水平上, 优化了反应势能面上各驻点(反应物、产物、中间体和过渡态)的几何构型, 在UB3LYP/6-31G^*水平上通过内禀反应坐标(IRC)计算和振动分析, 对过渡态进行了确认, 并确定了反应机理. 研究结果表明, 反应主要产物为CO和SO.     

CH3SH与O(3P)反应的密度泛函理论研究

用量子化学密度泛函理论(DFT)方法,对CH3SH与O(3P)的反应进行了理论研究.在B3LYP/6-31G*,B3LYP/6-311 G**水平上,优化了反应势能面上各驻点(反应物、产物、中间体和过渡态)的几何构型,在B3LYP/6-311 G**水平上通过内禀反应坐标(IRC)计算和振动分析,对过渡态进行了确认.在CCSD(T)/6-311 G**水平上进行了单点能量计算,并确定了反应机理.研究结果表明,反应主要产物为CH3SOH.     

H与CF3O2自由基反应的理论研究

用从头算(ab initio)方法和密度泛函理论(DFT)对H与CF3O2自由基的反应进行了研究，在HF／6-31G。和B3LYP／6-31G基组水平上，对该反应过程中可能出现的中间体和过渡态的构型及能量进行了优化，并分析了反应过程中生成的产物，对各过渡态，利用内禀反应坐标IRC来进行验证，在B3LYP／6-31G构型优化的基础上，用B3LYP／6-311G和B3LYP／6-311 G计算了反应过程中各物种的总能量和相对能量，根据相对能量绘制的势能剖面图直观地反映了H CF3O2的反应机理，由势能面得出，反应生成CF3O和OH的历程最容易发生，这与实验事实是一致的.     

咪唑型离子液体催化Diels-Alder反应的理论研究

采用量子化学从头计算和密度泛函理论方法,研究了咪唑类离子液体催化Diels-Alder反应(环戊二烯和丙烯酸甲酯反应)的反应机理.在HF/6-31 G*和B3LYP/6-31 G*方法水平上,考察了反应的endo/exo(内型/外型)选择性、活化能等.研究结果表明,离子液体主要借助阳离子参与来催化该反应.阳离子的参与能够大大的降低反应过渡态的能垒,增大反应的endo选择性.     

腺嘌呤质子迁移异构化反应及其芳香性的密度泛函研究

用密度泛函理论方法,在B3LYP/6-31G**水平上研究了腺嘌呤的分子内质子迁移异构化反应,对反应势能面进行了研究,对反应物、产物和过渡态进行了几何构型优化,在同一水平下计算了单点能量,并用频率振动模式和内禀坐标(IRC)确证了过渡态的存在,反应的活化能为184.96KJ/mol.在GIAO-HF/6-31G*//B3LYP/6-31G**水平对反应物、产物和过渡态的非相关性化学位移(NICS)进行了计算,利用NICS 值对反应过程中芳香性进行分析,发现在异构化反应过程中六员环的芳香性变化很大而五员环的芳香性基本不变.     

C3H7/NH2/Fe+体系反应活性的密度泛函研究

采用B3LYP密度泛函理论对C3H7/NH2/Fe+体系生成乙烯和丙烯的反应路径进行了研究.在B3LYP/6-31+G**水平上,优化了4重态势能面上的极小值和过渡态的几何构型,计算了它们的能量和频率等参数,得到了该反应的势能面以及反应基元过程的详细信息.     

丙酮酸分子振动频率、光谱和热力学性质的研究

本文采用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了丙酮酸分子的几何结构,稳定构象的振动基频、振动光谱和热力学性质.首先在HF/6-31G*、BLYP/6-31G*、B3LYP/6-31G*水平上对丙酮酸分子的几何结构进行优化,结果表明B3LYP/6-31G*水平能够合理的描述分子的几何结构.进而在B3L YP/6-31G8*水平上对优化后的结构进行正则振动频率分析,用0.96校正后的振动光谱和实验结果比较符合较好,并对计算得到的红外光谱,拉曼光谱进行分析,进一步计算得到了该化合物在298-1000K温度下的标准热力学函数值.     

C2+C2H2→C4H2反应机理的密度泛函研究

在密度泛函理论B3LYP/6-31 G水平上研究C2分子自由基与C2H2分子的反应机理。优化计算得到可能反应途径上的反应物、中间产物、过渡态和产物的几何结构,并通过频率振动分析对过渡态和中间产物进行了确认。结果表明,反应C2 C2H2→C4H2是多步骤的强放热反应。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.