鸣禽栗巫鸟前脑高级发声中枢及其架区的纤维联系

用ＣＢ－ＨＲＰ顺、逆行追踪的方法,研究了鸣禽栗巫鸟前脑高级发声中枢（ＨＶＣ）及其周围架区（ｓｈｅｌｆ）的传入、传出投射．结果表明,ＨＶＣ接受丘脑葡萄形核（Ｕｖａ）、新纹状体前部巨细胞核内侧部（ｍＭＡＮ）、新纹状体界面核（ＮＩｆ）的传入投射,并发出纤维投射至旁嗅叶的Ｘ区和古纹状体粗核（ＲＡ）;还通过架区间接联系听区复合体（Ｌ区）及脑桥的蓝斑核（Ｌｏｃ）等．     

鸣禽栗Wu前脑高级发声中枢及其架区的纤维联系

用ＣＢ－ＨＲＰ顺、逆行追踪的方法,研究了鸣禽栗Ｗｕ前脑高级发声中枢（ＨＶＣ）及其周围架区的传入,传出投射,结果表明,ＨＶＣ接受丘脑葡萄形核、新纹状体前部巨细胞核内侧部,新纹状体界面核的传入投射,并发出纤维投射至旁嗅叶的Ｘ区和古纹状体粗核（ＲＡ）;还通过架区间接联系听区复合体（Ｌ区）及脑桥的蓝斑核等。     

虎皮鹦鹉发声控制神经核团雌雄差异的研究

本文采用石蜡切片法对成年和幼年鹦鹉的发声控制神经核团：上纹状体腹侧尾核（Hyperstriatum Ventrale pars Caudale nucleus,HVC）、古纹状体粗核（Nucleus Robustus Archistriatlis,RA）和嗅叶X区（AreaX,X）进行了观察比较,结果发现：发声行为已经得到雌雄分化的成年鹦鹉的发声行为未得到雌雄分化的幼年鹦鹉,它们的发声控制神经核团的均存在着性别差异。     

金丝雀发声和其它功能核团向原纹状体栎核的投射

用ＨＲＰ示踪方法研究金丝雀端脑原纹状体栎核的传入和传出投射，将ＨＲＰ微电泳入该核内，观察其顺、逆行记物的分布，结果表明，原纹状体栎核接受上纹状体腹侧尾核新纹状体前部巨细胞核外侧部、原纹状体带核及蓝斑核的优越性传入投射，由原纹状体栎核发出的纤维支配中脑丘间核背内侧部和大下神经气管鸣管部。     

鸣禽前脑鸣啭控制核团内胆碱能神经元的分布

高级发声中枢（HVC）和古纹状体粗核（RA）是位于鸣禽前脑的两个主要鸣啭控制核团，以中国北方地区常见的两种鸣禽栗鹂（Emberiza rutila)和燕雀（Fingilla montifringilla）为材料，应用免疫组化方法，对两种鸣禽HVC和RA内胆碱能神经元的胞体大小和密度进行了观察、发现ChAT样免疫反应具有性别差异。这一结果提示胆碱能神经元可能在鸣啭的产生和学习过程中发挥着重要的作用。     

白腰文鸟古纹状体粗核的纤维联系和机能研究

本实验对白腰文鸟的古纹状体粗核(RA)进行了电刺激和HRP法研究,结果发现:①电刺激RA核,出现呼吸频率的加快、竖羽、鸣叫、流涎、眨眼等动作。②HRP法研究表明,RA核与中脑丘间复合核背内侧亚核(DM)、上纹状体腹侧尾核(HVC)、新纹状体巨细胞核外侧部(LMAN)、古纹状体带核(TN)、蓝斑(Loc)等都有纤维联系,这就提示RA核除了与发声运动有关之外,还与植物性神经系统有关。     

黄喉鹀（Emberiza elegans）发声控制中枢─—中脑背内侧核的纤维

用ＨＲＰ顺、逆行追踪方法，研究黄喉中脑背内侧核的中枢联系。将ＨＲＰ微电泳入中脑背内侧核，在同侧古纹状体粗核内见到密布的逆行标记细胞，在同侧延髓舌下神经核气管鸣管部出现了密集的标记终未，上述结果表明，中脑背内侧核接受古纹状体粗核的传入投射，由它发出的纤维投射至延髓舌下神经核气管鸣管部．因此中脑背内侧核是发声控制通络中的重要中继站。     

白腰文鸟古纹状体粗核神经纤维联系的研究

本实验采用辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)顺逆行追踪法,对白腰文鸟的古纹状体粗核(RA)的纤维联系进行了研究,实验表明:端脑内发声控制的主要运动神经核团——古纹状体粗核(RA)除了与发声控制神经核团有纤维联系之外,还与其他神经核团有纤维联系.     

丁苯那嗪调节TH和突触囊泡转运改善HD的机制研究

通过腹腔注射3-硝基丙酸（3-NP）建立亨廷顿舞蹈症（HD）大鼠模型，探究丁苯那嗪（TBZ）改善HD样症状的作用及机制。结果显示，TBZ缓解了3-NP诱导的HD大鼠体重下降和运动障碍，逆转了纹状体中亨廷顿蛋白（Htt）的表达和神经元丢失；同时TBZ调节了纹状体中神经递质的含量，抑制酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）和囊泡单胺转运体2(VMAT2)的表达，并保护突触免受损伤；TBZ通过同时调控突触囊泡转运和TH的表达以降低纹状体中多巴胺（DA）的释放和合成，保护突触功能和神经元，从而减轻HD样症状。     

虎皮鹦鹉发声控制神经核团与鸣叫行为的性双态性研究

本文应用石蜡切片的方法，对成年虎皮鹦鹉的前脑发声控制神经核团：上纹状体腹侧尾核（Hyperstriatum ventrale pars Canssle,HVC)。古纹状体粗核（Nucleus robustus archistriaylis,RA)和嗅叶X区（Area X)进行了观察和比较；并采用计算机鸣声分析技术对虎皮鹦鹉的鸣声进行了分析。结果发现：雄鸟的三个发声控制神经核团体积明显大于雌鸟的三个发声控制神经核团体积。雄鸟的叫声明显比雌鸟的叫声复杂多变。这些结果提示虎皮鹦鹉的发声控制神经核团与鸣叫行为都存在着性双态性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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