无污染的渔网防污剂--养麦粉

最近日本研究人员通过研究发现,养麦粉是一种安全有效的渔网防污剂.渔网防污剂过去都使用有机锡化合物等,而这类化学物质虽然使用方便,但含有毒性,会污染海水.该研究所因此着重于从天然物质中寻找无毒性的渔网防污剂,结果发现荞麦粉对藤壶有抑制作用.他们用荞麦粉与丙烯树脂混合制成涂料,在近海进行试验.结果未涂荞麦粉涂料的渔网都附着大量藤壶,而涂了这种涂料的渔网则没有附着藤壶.     

防污涂料/海水界面的原生动物初探

【目的】探讨利用微型生物作为防污涂料防污性能的"生物标示"的可行性。【方法】在总结近几年来海港微型生物试验的基础上,针对在海洋中广泛存在的原生动物纤毛虫进行初步探讨,试图开发原生动物作为防污鉴定的"生物标示"。【结果】在青岛中港进行初步调查,发现在涂有环氧系底漆、有机硅系低表面能防污涂料和亚铜系自抛光防污涂料的试片上共有9类纤毛虫,其中侧口类、管口类和游仆类3类纤毛虫显示出较大活性。从纤毛虫数量及其变化可明显得出3类涂层的防污性能的优劣。【结论】侧口类、管口类和游仆类3类纤毛虫有望开发为"生物标示"。     

深海环境通用自清洁防污涂层的研究

针对我国深海防污研究与应用刚起步且防污涂料产业技术及工艺落后的现状,该项目从我国南海资源勘查开发的迫切需求出发,优选出了综合性能优良的4种防污涂料基础材料——2种含辣素功能结构的丙烯酸金属盐树脂和2种二硫代二丙酰胺防污剂,并优化了其制备工艺,实现了规模化生产;针对南海的应用环境,通过复配技术优化防污涂料配方体系,研发了具有通用技术特性的自清洁防污涂料,并实现了规模化生产,在潜标、船舶等设施上进行了示范应用,效果良好;从防污性能加速评价方法和具有协同防污作用的防污涂料复配技术方面完善防污涂料理论与技术体系,探索深海环境防污涂层技术体系及其应用。     

仿渗型防污涂层的构建及其性能研究

低表面能防污涂料具有表面能低、污损生物难以附着或附着不牢、易于脱落等优点,是无毒防污涂料的一个重点发展方向。以自制的双组分FPA/SPU低表面能防污涂料为基材,通过添加不同种类、不同黏度的硅油,制备了7种不同类型的硅油渗出型防污涂层。利用实验室手段对涂层的接触角、附着力、耐化学品性能、硬度及表面断面形貌进行了检测,通过静态实海挂板研究了涂层的防污性能。结果表明,硅油的添加有利于涂层防污性能的提高,硅油的种类和黏度大小对涂层的防污性能产生较大的影响,其中苯甲基硅油(255—150)的作用效果最佳。     

铝合金表面ZSM-5型分子筛涂层耐蚀性研究

【目的】探究分子筛作为填料添加到水性涂料中对涂层防腐性能的影响。【方法】利用光学显微镜、XRD及SEM对涂层的中分子筛填料分散效果和涂层微观形貌进行表征,利用极化曲线分析分子筛水性涂层的电化学性能。【结果】分子筛粉末在水性漆中的最大添加比例为15%,超过此比例会出现大块团聚现象。其中10%的分子筛粉末对涂料耐蚀性提升最大。【结论】分子筛良好的高温水热稳定性有助于提高涂料的耐蚀性,但由于水性树脂不能够将分子筛颗粒紧密粘结,其添加量过大时会导致涂层耐蚀性能下降。     

聚氯醚合金体系力学性能与亚微相态的研究

采用共混的方法制备了聚氯醚/氯丁胶、聚氯醚/尼龙6、聚氯醚/氯化聚乙烯、聚氯醚/聚甲醛等合金, 并对各种合金体系的力学性能和亚微相态进行了研究。结果表明, 用氯化聚乙烯改性的聚氯醚其韧性大幅度提高, 缺口冲击强度增加30多倍, 从而确定了开发超韧聚氯醚合金的较好途径。     

自交联型水性聚氨酯涂料的研制

采用亚麻油与二乙醇胺经胺解反应生成亚麻油酰二乙醇胺中间体,以此中间体和多功能单体DMPA为复合二元醇(-OH)组分与TDI／HDI二异氰酸酯(-NCO)复合组分通过逐步加成聚合,得到常温交联水性聚氨酯树脂,以该水性树脂制备水性涂料,并对原料及胺解产物进行了IR表征。探讨了亚麻油酰二乙醇胺中间体的合成、树脂酸价、nOH／nNCO)以及nTDI／nHDI等因素对水溶性、粘度、涂膜耐水性、附着力等性能的影响．该水性涂料耐水、快干、强附着,无毒不燃、粘稠易控,是一种优良的环境友好型水性涂料。     

聚酯/SiO2/有机硅复合涂料的合成与性能

以正硅酸乙酯和有机硅氧烷为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成透明的SiO2/有机硅树脂,然后与聚酯进行缩合反应,在聚碳酸酯(PC)表面上制备硬质的聚酯/SiO2/有机硅复合薄膜.探讨聚酯和SiO2/有机硅树脂配比对复合涂料性能的影响,并采用红外光谱、热重分析、原子力显微镜、扫描电镜、紫外光谱和X射线衍射等方法对复合材料进行表征...     

抗静电超薄型钢结构防火涂料的研制

超薄(CB)型钢结构膨胀防火涂料(UFRC)在燃烧过程中可形成耐火隔热保护层,提高钢结构耐火极限。选用氨基树脂、改性丙烯酸树脂为基体树脂,以多聚磷酸铵(APP)、季戊四醇(PER)、三聚氰胺(MEL)为膨胀阻燃体系,以氢氧化铝(AH)为协效剂,制备了抗静电膨胀型防火涂料(AUFRC)。用红外(FTIR)、XRD等方法对防火涂料及其燃烧残渣进行了分析,初步探讨了阻燃机理。当基体树脂(wt(氨基树脂)∶wt(丙烯酸树脂)=1∶2)为80份,APP为25份,PER为15份,MEL为10份,AH为5份时,制备的防火涂料阻燃、抗静电等综合性能最佳。     

三种锌防腐层的海水腐蚀与防污性能初探

【目的】探讨热浸锌、冷镀锌及富锌涂料3种锌防腐层的防腐和防污性能。【方法】分别制作热浸锌试板、冷镀锌试板和富锌涂料试板,然后通过螺栓将其紧固到塑料固定装置上放入海中进行试验,定期进行试板锈蚀及生物污损现场检查,并于1.5年后对出现在试板上的生物进行刮取、分类、称重,以检测试板的腐蚀情况。【结果】经历1.5年的海港试验,3种试板上的生物种类以及质量由小到大依次为热浸锌试板、冷镀锌试板和富锌涂料试板;热浸锌试板和冷镀锌试板的镀锌层完整无裂纹、无锈点,而富锌涂料试板涂层开裂起皮、锈蚀失效,生物污损程度高于热浸锌试板和冷镀锌试板的镀锌层。【结论】热浸锌对污损生物的排斥能力大于冷镀锌和富锌涂料。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that