几种食用菌多糖的提取与抗氧化性研究

采用热水浸提法分别提取香菇(Lentinus edodes)、木耳(Auricularia polytricha)、银耳(Tremella)、猴头菇(Hericium erinaceus)、茶树菇(Agrocybe chaxinggu)5种食药用菌子实体中的水溶性多糖,子实体粉末在一定的料水比下热水浸提,胰蛋白酶法脱杂蛋白,乙醇沉淀得到精多糖.并采用苯酚-硫酸法测其糖含量,DPPH(1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼)法检测其抗氧化性.结果显示,茶树菇的精多糖得率最高,为4.81%,香菇其次,木耳最低;含糖量猴头菇最高,为53.9%,木耳最低;5种食药用菌子实体多糖均具抗氧化性、DPPH清除作用,茶树菇最强,浓度为1.13 mg/m L时清除率为50%,香菇次之,银耳最弱.     

三种常见食用菌对重金属镉的富集作用研究

本文以平菇、香菇、鸡腿菇三种食用菌为富集的生物载体对重金属Cd进行富集,实验结果表明:三种食用菌随cd浓度的升高,菌丝体中重金属cd的含量也随之升高,但是高浓度Cd对菌丝体生长具有较强的抑制作用,表现为菌丝体干湿重逐渐减少.在供试三种食用菌中以平菇对Cd的富集作用最强,当Cd浓度为6.0 mg/ml时菌丝体中Cd含量高达284.8 mg/kg,总体来看富集能力由强到弱为平菇＞香菇＞鸡腿菇.     

河南的牛肝菌目资源研究（Ⅱ）

据对河南山区各地野外采集的大型直人菌标本进行事理和鉴定，境内生长分布的牛肝菌目的种类有６科１１属２４种。其中食用菌１８种，药用菌８种，毒菌５种。本文继续描述牛肝菌目的牛肝菌科、桩菇科及铆钉菇科的一些资源种类。     

攀枝花野生食用菌重金属含量调查与评价

研究不同种类野生食用菌的重金属富集规律,对野生食用菌食品安全评估和为土壤重金属污染寻找合适的指示生物提供科学依据. 采用原子吸收光谱仪测定了采集于四川攀枝花的19种野生食用菌中Cu、Zn、Ni、Cd和Cr的含量. 结果显示：除食用鹅膏菌和香菇中Cu含量稍低于卫生标准外,19种野生食用菌中5种重金属含量全部超标,食用不甚安全.很多蕈菌对重金属具有较强的富集能力. Cu、Zn、Ni、Cd和Cr的最高富集量分别达到47.7 mg/kg（小白蚁伞）、188.6 mg/kg（鸡枞）、21.2 mg/kg(美味牛肝）     

食用菌子实体和菌丝体多糖抗氧化性的比较研究

采用Fenton 法、邻苯三酚自氧化法和DPPH(1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼)还原法对平菇、金针菇、真姬菇和茶树菇的子实体和菌丝体多糖的抗氧化性进行了比较研究。平菇、金针菇、真姬菇和茶树菇子实体多糖质量分数分别为7.12 %,9.24 %,8.96 %和7.68 %,菌丝体多糖质量分数分别为8.32 %,11.33 %,10.54 %和9.75 %。平菇、真姬菇、金针菇、茶树菇子实体多糖和菌丝体多糖清除羟自由基(·OH)的能力大小顺序为:茶树菇＞金针菇＞真姬菇＞平菇;清除超氧阴离子(O^2-·)的能力大小顺序为:茶树菇＞真姬菇＞金针菇＞平菇;清除DPPH·自由基能力大小顺序为:茶树菇＞真姬菇＞金针菇＞平菇。 结果表明,实验的4种食用菌子实体和菌丝体多糖均具有较强的体外抗氧化性能,且随着多糖质量浓度的增大其抗氧化活性逐渐增强,茶树菇多糖抗氧化性最强,菌丝体多糖的抗氧化性优于子实体多糖。     

九种外生菌根菌与杨树苗木的菌根化研究

用9种外生菌根菌对4种杨树苗木进行了菌根化试验,比较了各外生菌根菌与不同杨树形成菌根的能力以及不同接菌方法下的菌根感染率,并探讨了外生菌根菌对杨树苗木生长的影响.结果表明:红绒盖牛肝菌(Xc)、美味牛肝菌(Be)、彩色豆马勃(Pt)和紫金蜡蘑(La)均能与杨树苗木较好地形成菌根,Xc在4种杨树苗上的菌根形成能力强于其他菌根菌,Be在I-69杨上形成菌根能力较强,Pt和La则形成能力较弱;褐环乳牛肝菌(SL)、褐疣柄牛肝菌(Ls)、华美牛肝菌(Bs)、头状秃马勃(Cc)和黄须腹(R1)在灭菌基质上不易与杨树形成外生菌根,但在自然土中却可形成;通过打孔接菌的方法,苗木菌根化率要比移栽时施底肥接菌和蘸根法接菌时高,其操作也更简便、省工;小叶杨可与大多数供试菌根菌形成菌根,Ⅰ-72和NL-351杨则与Pt的亲和度最高,Ⅰ-69杨与Xc菌的亲和度最高.研究显示,与Ⅰ-69杨、Ⅰ-72杨和NL-351杨最适的外生菌根菌分别为Be、Xc和Pt;与小叶杨最适的外生菌根菌为Xc和Be;这些菌根菌对苗木的促生效果显著.     

四川凉山州野生蘑菇重金属汞和砷含量分析

检测了采自于四川省凉山州16种野生蘑菇的汞和砷含量.所有样品中,大白菇(Russula delica)具有最高的汞含量,为0.8607mg/kg干物质,其次为美味牛肝菌(Boletus edulis),汞含量0.7625mg/kg干物质.在采集地土壤中4个样点未检出汞的情况下,有3个样点采集的蘑菇中均有汞的检出,说明野生蘑菇对汞元素强烈的积累能力.采于四川会理锌矿区林家山的喇叭陀螺菌(Gomphusfloccosus)具有最强的积累砷的能力,子实体中的砷含量为1.9581—4.0035mg/kg干物质,其次为白杯伞(C litocybe phyllophila)子实体,砷的含量3.6418mg/kg干物质.采于会理县锌矿区的松塔牛肝菌(Strobilomyces strobilaceus)和采于西昌市大箐山林场的美味牛肝菌子实体中未检出砷含量.表明不同种类蘑菇积累汞和砷的能力不同;不同采集地同种蘑菇对砷和汞的积累能力也不同;蘑菇对汞和砷的积累与土壤中汞和砷的含量有关.     

黑木耳、银耳、黑牛肝菌的红外光谱研究

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对三种食用菌(黑木耳、黑牛肝菌、银耳)样品进行了研究。三种菌的光谱各具特征，黑木耳和银耳光谱主要谱峰相似，但与黑牛肝菌的光谱区别较大；根据吸收强度比可以将黑木耳和银耳区分开。光谱结果还显示，三种食用菌多糖，既有α糖苷键，也有β糖苷键。红外光谱具有快速、简便、不需对样品进行分离提取等优点。     

6种外生菌根真菌对895杨矿质营养吸收的影响

采用红绒盖牛肝菌、劣味乳菇、紫金蜡蘑、美味牛肝菌和2株彩色豆马勃(分别编号Pti、Pt2)接种895杨扦插苗,发现菌根真菌对895杨的矿质营养吸收有显著的影响.6种菌根真菌处理的895杨树体内铵态氮和硝态氮含量均有不同程度的增加,提高了杨树根系活力,其中红绒盖牛肝菌、劣味乳菇、美味牛肝菌和Pt2处理的895杨体内硝酸还原酶含量、硝态氮含量以及氮、磷的吸收均显著高于对照;接种红绒盖牛肝菌、劣味乳菇、美味牛肝菌的895杨根系活力提高较为显著,其中接种美味牛肝菌的895杨,根系活力最强.接种紫金蜡蘑、Pt1处理的杨树对于磷的吸收显著高于对照;各处理下钾元素含量差异不显著;接种菌根真菌后895杨体内微量矿质元素含量都有不同程度的增加,铜、铁、锰、锌元素增加量最高,可见优良的外生菌根真菌可以提高宿主对矿质元素吸收的能力.     

攀枝花野生食用菌重金属含量测定与安全性评价

研究不同种类野生食用菌的重金属富集规律，对野生食用菌食品安全评估和为土壤重金属污染寻找合适的指示生物提供科学依据. 采用原子吸收光谱仪测定了采集于四川攀枝花的19种野生食用菌中Cu、Zn、Ni、Cd和Cr的含量. 结果显示：除食用鹅膏菌和香菇中Cu含量稍低于卫生标准外，19种野生食用菌中5种重金属含量全部超标，食用不甚安全.很多蕈菌对重金属具有较强的富集能力. Cu、Zn、Ni、Cd和Cr的最高富集量分别达到47.7 mg/kg（小白蚁伞）、188.6 mg/kg（鸡枞）、21.2 mg/kg(美味牛肝）、21.8 mg/kg(大白菇）和27.2 mg/kg（白蜡伞），其中Cr和Cd的富集浓度普遍高于其他研究结果, Cu、Zn和 Ni与其他文献报道一致.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with