Structured spheres generated by an in-fibre fluid instability

From drug delivery to chemical and biological catalysis and cosmetics, the need for efficient fabrication pathways for particles over a wide range of sizes, from a variety of materials, and in many different structures has been well established. Here we harness the inherent scalability of fibre production and an in-fibre Plateau-Rayleigh capillary instability for the fabrication of uniformly sized, structured spherical particles spanning an exceptionally wide range of sizes: from 2?mm down to 20?nm. Thermal processing of a multimaterial fibre controllably induces the instability, resulting in a well-ordered, oriented emulsion in three dimensions. The fibre core and cladding correspond to the dispersed and continuous phases, respectively, and are both frozen in situ on cooling, after which the particles are released when needed. By arranging a variety of structures and materials in a macroscopic scaled-up model of the fibre, we produce composite, structured, spherical particles, such as core-shell particles, two-compartment 'Janus' particles, and multi-sectioned 'beach ball' particles. Moreover, producing fibres with a high density of cores allows for an unprecedented level of parallelization. In principle, 10(8) 50-nm cores may be embedded in metres-long, 1-mm-diameter fibre, which can be induced to break up simultaneously throughout its length, into uniformly sized, structured spheres.     

纤维与微膨胀复合对砂浆性能的影响研究

研究了聚丙烯纤维和微膨胀复合对大掺量粉煤灰砂浆变形性能的影响,聚丙烯纤维及聚丙烯纤维与微膨胀复合对水泥基复合材料抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的影响。研究结果显示,聚丙烯纤维和微膨胀复合能有效改善大掺量粉煤灰砂浆的变形性能,聚丙烯纤维和膨胀剂的复合最有利于控制砂浆试块原生裂缝和尺寸,使砂浆试块的密实度及砂浆的抗硫酸盐腐蚀能力提高。     

喷气纱径向结构研究

采用汉密尔顿转移指数方法分析了喷气纱、环锭纱截面内纤维的径向分布规律,通过转移指数的计算得出了涤棉混纺喷气纱中包缠纤维和纱芯的基本组成及涤纶纤维线密度对包缠纤维数量的影响。     

考虑二次受力时构件碳纤维布抗弯加固计算方法

该文根据加固结构碳纤维应变滞后的特点,提出了考虑二次受力时碳纤维布加固混凝土正截面承载力计算方法,其计算方法和结果与国外研究结论及国内现行规范较一致,误差仅为1.4%和1.6%,符合要求,具有简单实用易于设计人员掌握的特点.     

光纤中的磁性光学效应

以自制具有强法拉弟效应的磁敏光纤研究光沿光纤传输过程中的法拉弟旋光效应，得到旋光系数，衰减系数，性能指数等指标，基于Ｍａｘｗｅｌｌ方程并考虑到光纤中的各向异性，引入张量介电常数，建立了耦合波方程及圆柱坐标中的Ｈｅｌｍｈｏｌｔｚ方程，解出光纤中传输的波为成对出现的孪生耦合波，耦合波内相位常数不同，形成光在光纤中传输时的旋光特性。     

超声波在洗毛中的应用

研究了不同条件下的超声波洗毛效果,并与传统乳化洗毛进行了对比.研究结果表明,利用超声波洗毛可以降低洗毛温度、缩短洗毛时间、降低洗剂和助剂用量.利用超声波所得的洗净毛蓬松性好,羊毛之间不发生纠缠,白度高且洗净毛中几乎无细小杂质.另外,超声波在洗毛的同时,对羊毛鳞片有蚀刻作用.经过超声波洗毛所得洗净毛纤维鳞片变钝、变光,摩擦效应降低.且超声波洗毛所得洗净毛纤维细度分布更趋集中,长时间超声波洗毛会使羊毛纤维直径变小,断裂伸长增大,但对纤维断裂强力无明显损伤.     

Differential Capillary Effect Model of Fabric and Its Application

The concept of the differential capillary effect was presented by foreign scholars several years ago, and the principle was used to design sportswear fabrics with good wet permeability and good drying functions for famous sports teams. Because the differential capillary effect model was not established in theory, it was impossible to fulfill the best functions. In this paper, by setting up the differential capillary effect of fabric, the factors to influence wet permeability and drying functions of the model is discussed in theory, and the means to optimize the design of the fabric is presented and proven practically by the experiment. The optimum fabric with good permeability and good drying functions can be designed using the model at last.     

混凝土中毛细压力饱和度关系模型

首先分析了混凝土中毛细压力产生的原因,进一步分析了毛细压力与孔隙内水分弯液面之间的相关关系以及毛细压力与相对湿度之间的联系.利用圆柱孔模型对排湿过程同一相对湿度对应饱和度比吸湿过程高这种滞后效应进行分析.根据滞后效应的分析,基于已有的吸湿过程中毛细压力与饱和度关系提出了预测排湿过程中毛细压力与饱和度之间的关系模型.进一步引入等比容吸附热量的影响,分析了温度对排湿过程中毛细压力与混凝土内饱和度之间关系的影响,结果发现随着温度的升高同样饱和度对应的毛细压力数值逐渐降低.     

界面损伤对单向复合材料应力集中的影响研究

采用计及基体刚度的修正的剪滞模型，研究了含纤维／基体界面剪切屈服效应的单向纤维增强复合材料的应力重新分布问题，定量地讨论了界面剪切强度及纤维／基体拉伸刚度比对应力集中及界面剪切屈服区长度的影响。结果表明，界面的剪切屈服或脱粘可有效地降低纤维的应力集中，应力集中因子随界面剪切强度及纤维／基体拉伸刚度比的增加而增加；界面剪切屈服区长度则随界面剪切强度的增加而减小，随拉伸刚度比的增加而增加。     

Contractile force measured in unskinned isolated adult rat heart fibres

A number of investigators have succeeded in preparing isolated cardiac cells by enzymatic digestion which tolerate external [Ca2+] in the millimolar range. However, a persistent problem with these preparations is that, unlike in situ adult ventricular fibres, the isolated fibres usually beat spontaneously. This spontaneity suggests persistent ionic leakage not present in situ. A preferable preparation for mechanical and electrical studies would be one which is quiescent but excitable in response to electrical stimulation and which does not undergo contracture with repeated stimulation. We report here a modified method of cardiac fibre isolation and perfusion which leaves the fibre membrane electrically excitable and moderately resistant to mechanical stress so that the attachment of suction micropipettes to the fibre is possible for force measurement and length control. Force generation in single isolated adult rat heart fibres is consistent with in situ contractile force. The negative staircase effect (treppe) characteristic of adult not heart tissue is present with increased frequency of stimulation. Isometric developed tension increases with fibre length as in in situ ventricular tissue.     

Effect of Testing Conditions on Fibre-Bundle Tensile Properties Part Ⅱ: the Gauge Length and Elongation Speed in Wool Fibre Bundle Measurement

The testing conditions of a fibre bundle tensile tester (TENSOR) are elongation speed (ES), gauge length (GL), pretension, jaw pressure, environmental temperature and relative humidity, instrument linearity and sensitivity. The effects on fibre-bundle tensile properties at different GL and ES have been discussed in detail and compared with Peirce's theories on the weaklinks and the breaking time effect. The experimental results indicate that the tensile properties of fibre bundles are strongly affected by GL and vary with different GL. The reasonable GL should be 5-15mm rather than 3.2mm for wool bundle measurements. The ES ranging from 20mm/min to 40mm/min is beneficial for obtaining comparatively stable and accurate tensile values, whereas 20 mm/min used in current testing for wool fibre bundles is at the lower limit of the suggested range. For bundle modulus measurement, the sampling interval must be selected appropriately. The new calculation of the sampling interval has been established.     

Preliminary Study on Anti-Dropping Methods for Short Cashmere Woolen Cloth

The fibre dropping mechanism of short cashmere fabrics is elucidated. Results show that to reduce the fibre dropping, it is necessary to increase the linkage force among the fibers, and the special anti - dropping finishing for the fabrics which have been normally finished, should be carried out. To evaluate the six selected anti - dropping finishing agents, fuzzy judgment method was used, and the agent, with the most effect on anti - dropping, was found out.     

椰壳纤维土的三轴试验研究

采用室内三轴试验的方法,研究了椰壳纤维土的应力-应变关系及强度特性。探讨了不同加筋情况下椰壳纤维土的加筋效果及变化规律。试验结果表明:在红黏土中掺入椰壳纤维,能够提高土体抵抗变形的能力;椰壳纤维的加筋作用只有当试样的应变足够大时才能发挥出来;且随着轴向应变的增加,椰壳纤维土的加筋作用越来越明显;椰壳纤维土的应力-应变曲线近似呈双曲线,其试样的主要破坏形式表现为鼓胀破坏;在红黏土中加入椰壳纤维后,纤维土的黏聚力c值和内摩擦角φ值均有一定的提高;其中黏聚力c值提高明显,而内摩擦角φ值变化不明显;相同条件下,随着椰壳纤维掺量的增加,椰壳纤维土的加筋效果逐渐提高;相同条件下,围压越低,纤维土的加筋效果越好。     

石英毛细管中回音壁模式激光的波长漂移特性

 利用石英毛细管截面构成的圆形微腔,从实验和理论2个方面研究了回音壁模式激光辐射随增益包层溶液的折射率以及染料浓度的变化特性.实验结果表明,随包层溶液折射率的增加,回音壁模式的激光辐射向短波方向漂移;随包层溶液中染料浓度的增加,回音壁模式的激光辐射向长波方向漂移.包层溶液折射率的增加导致微腔品质因数降低,而染料浓度的增加致使激光增益范围向长波方向扩展.基于如上分析,结合微腔理论和染料激光的四能级模型,成功地解释了实验结果.     

Effect of Testing Conditions on Fibre-Bundle Tensile Properties-Part Ⅱ: the Gauge Length and Elongation Speed in Wool Fibre Bundle Measurement

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎＰａｒｔⅠｏｎｔｈｉｓｔｏｐｉｃ ,ｗｅｈａｖｅｍｅｎｔｉｏｎｅｄｔｈｒｅｅｓｏｒｔｓｏｆｔｈｅｆａｃｔｏｒｓｗｈｉｃｈａｆｆｅｃｔｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｏｆｆｉｂｒｅｂｕｎｄｌｅｔｅｎｓｉｌｅｔｅｓｔｉｎｇａｎｄａｎａｌｙｓｅｄｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｓｏｒｔｏｆｔｈｅｆａｃｔｏｒｓ,ｎａｍｅｌｙｆｉｂｒｅ ｂｕｎｄｌｅｍａｓｓ,ｆｉｂｒｅａｌｉｇｎｍｅｎｔｉｎａｂｕｎｄｌｅａｎｄｃｌａｍｐｉｎｇｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅｏｆｊａｗｓ[1] ,ａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｔｈｅｂｕｎｄ…     

玻璃纤维纱线编织过程中纤维损伤程度的探讨

主要探讨针织工艺对玻璃纤维损伤程度的影响，提出了玻璃纤维损伤程度的定量评价方法，并分析讨论了在不同玻璃纤维纱线和不同组织结构的情况下，纤维损伤率(或纱线损伤率)随线圈长度的变化趋势。通过研究发现，不管纱线和组织结构如何，编织玻璃纤维纱线时都有一个最佳工艺点，在该点纤维的损伤最小，这为选择合理的玻璃纤维纱线编织工艺提供了依据，具有很大的实用价值。     

毛细管数效应对碳酸盐岩凝析气井产能的影响

反凝析现象对地层污染严重,而毛细管数效应则弱化了凝析油的堵塞作用。随着国内塔中I号碳酸盐岩凝析气田投入开发,迫切需要开展相关研究,从而指导气田的开发。介绍了毛细管数效应的定义及其对相对渗透率曲线的影响,通过建立双重介质单井径向模型,研究了毛细管数效应在不同流体性质、地层渗透率、地层压力降落速度情况下对产能的影响。结果表明,毛细管数效应使气井产能明显得到了改善。当地层压力高于露点压力时,毛细管数效应对产能没有影响;地层压力低于露点压力以后,毛细管数效应的影响最为明显,之后对产能的影响逐渐变小。基本规律为初始生产气油比越大、地层压力降落速度越快、岩块系统和裂缝系统渗透率越低,毛细管数效应对产能的影响越大。     

超声波处理对羊毛纤维性能的影响

以未处理、55℃超声波处理和沸水处理的羊毛纤维为研究对象,对比分析两种处理方法对纤维力学性能、表面形态、化学结构的影响,从纤维角度探讨超声波低温染色的机理.试验结果表明,经超声波处理后的羊毛,束纤维强度降低,油脂质量分数减少,纤维表面鳞片张角增大并产生不规则裂纹,部分二硫键断裂,纤维分子有序程度降低,因此,羊毛在染色过程中更易润湿,染料更易进入纤维内部并扩散.     

羊毛纤维的结构弱节及力学行为

纤维结构弱节决定纤维的力学性能。本文提出的断裂端特征的SEM观察及该纤维对应拉伸性质的组合分析方法，可获得羊毛纤维结构弱节及破坏的特征与证据。实验证明，依据拉伸曲线和断裂端形貌特征可知羊毛纤维的弱节结构主要表现为集中缺陷结构、细颈弱结构、机械损伤弱结构和散布缺陷结构，其与力学行为和形态弱节存在很好的相关。缺陷散布性弱节结构，应该引入曲线的抖动特征或临界断裂功判定依据。     

特低渗透油藏动态毛管压力对水驱油效果影响分析

特低渗透油藏油水两相渗流过程中毛管力的动态效应是影响两相渗流机理及水驱油效果的重要因素,掌握其规律有助于提高这一特殊油藏的水驱开发效果。分析了特低渗透油藏油水两相渗流中毛管力的动态效应以及动态毛管力的影响因素,定量研究了动态毛管力对多孔介质油水两相渗流的影响,建立了特低渗透油藏一维水驱油模型和渗流微分方程;并进行了求解。研究了动态毛管力、注水强度、井距等因素对特低渗透油藏水驱油效果的影响。研究结果表明:动态毛管力效应对特低渗油藏的水驱效果影响非常明显,动态毛管力越大,水驱油效果越差;存在一个最佳注入量,在最佳注入量下动态毛管力的影响作用最小,水驱油效果最好;对于特低渗透油藏若井距过大,水驱油效果变差。