A possible genetic component of obesity in childhood. Observations on acid phosphatase polymorphism

Summary Phenotypes of acid phosphatase with low enzymatic activity (ACP₁ A and BA) are correlated with the highest degree of body mass increase observed in a sample of obese children. Since acid phosphatase probably functions as a flavin-mononucleotide phosphatase, differential modulation of flavo-enzyme activity and energy metabolism due to acid phosphatase genetic variability may explain the observed association.     

Phosphomonoesterases in the 2 sexes of the root-knot nematode,Meloidogyne lucknowica Singh, 1969

Summary The 2 phosphomonoesterases of the root-knot nematode were colorimetrically determined. Alkaline phosphatase activity was observed to be lower than the acid phosphatase activity. Sex related trends were clearly seen in the enzyme levels of the 2 sexes of thenematode. Alkaline phosphatase level differed 28.76%, while acid phosphatase level differed 60.36% in the 2 sexes.The authors are grateful to the Council of Science and Technology U.P. for the grant of a Research Scheme for these studies.     

Increase in acid phosphatase activity during fertilization of a teleost egg

Summary Acid phosphatase activity was localized at the periphery of the yolk globules in the egg of the teleost,Catostomus commersoni. In addition, a 3-fold increase in acid phosphatase activity was associated with fertilization and pronucleus formation.I thank Dr C. W. Huver for use of facilities.     

Association of Golgi vesicles containing acid phosphatase with the chromatoid body of rat spermatids

The relationship between the Golgi apparatus and the small vesicles associated with the chromatoid body was investigated using a cytochemical technique. It was observed that in early spermatids, when the chromatoid body appears in close contact with the Golgi complex, and all through its migration to the caudal pole of the nucleus, some of the vesicles that accompany the organelle display acid phosphatase activity. It is concluded that these smooth vesicles originate in the Golgi apparatus.     

Effect of prenatal and neonatal pantothenic acid deficiency on rat intestinal phosphatases

Alkaline phosphatase activity was increased in the distal part of the small intestine of pantothenic acid deficient neonatal rats, while acid phosphatase activity was slightly increased and protein concentration was decreased throughout the small intestine. The growth and maturation of the distal part of the small intestine were retarded more severely than in the proximal part.     

Effect of prenatal and neonatal pantothenic acid deficiency on rat intestinal phosphatases

Summary Alkaline phosphatase activity was increased in the distal part of the small intestine of pantothenic acid deficient neonatal rats, while acid phosphatase activity was slightly increased and protein concentration was decreased throughout the small intestine. The growth and maturation of the distal part of the small intestine were retarded more severely than in the proximal part.     

Histochemical localization of alkaline and acid phosphatase activities in the skin ofMystus (Mystus) vittatus Bl. (Siluriformes)

Summary An attempt has been made to localize alkaline and acid phosphatase activities in the skin ofMystus vittatus by using histochemical techniques. The alkaline phosphatase activity is found in metabolically active cells such as basal columnar cells, mucous cells and polygonal support cells. The acid phosphatase activity is intense in the outermost squamous support cells and in the basal columnar cells. These activities have been correlated with some physiological functions of the epidermis.Acknowledgment. We are thankful to P. Vishwanatham, Government College, Mhow, and Dr R.S. Shrivastava, Holkar Science College, Indore, for providing laboratory facilities and to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, for a fellowship for M.S.     

Effects of retinoic acid on the fibrinolytic activity of HL 60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells

Summary Fibrinolytic activity of HL 60 human leukemic cells was found to increase in parallel with myeloid differentiation following retinoic acid but not dimethylsulfoxide treatment. However, both retinoic acid and dimethylsulfoxide produced an increase in acid phosphatase and a decrease in muramidase.     

Lysosomal enzyme release associated with the invasion of rat liver by Novikoff hepatoma

Summary The lysosomes of both Novikoff hepatoma and liver from Novikoff hepatoma-bearing rats were found to be relatively intact structurally, lower in acid phosphatase activity, greatly depleted in number but with nearly normal membrane integrity when compared with normal liver.Acknowledgments. We thank Dr Ellen Rasch for her valued advice and interest in the project. We are grateful to M. P. Shaw for help with the acid phosphatase assay.     

Differential developmental pattern of acid and alkaline phytase and phosphatase activities in rat intestine

Summary Rat intestine was found to show a distinct acid phytase activity (pH optimum 4.7) in addition to that of an alkaline phytase (pH optimum 8.0). The phytase and phosphatase activities were found to differ in their developmental pattern and responded differentially to some inhibitors. Thus the two activities seem to be due to two independent enzymes and are not the activity of a nonspecific phosphatase as has been suspected formerly.     

Differential developmental pattern of acid and alkaline phytase and phosphatase activities in rat intestine.

Rat intestine was found to show a distinct acid phytase activity (pH optimum 4.7) in addition to that of an alkaline phytase (pH optimum 8.0). The phytase and phosphatase activities were found to differ in their developmental pattern and responded differentially to some inhibitors. Thus the two activities seem to be due to two independent enzymes and are not the activity of a nonspecific phosphatase as has been suspected formerly.     

Enzymhistochemische Untersuchungen an durstaktivierten neurosekretorischen Zellen der Ratte

Summary In hypothalamic neurosecretory nuclei of rats subject to water withdrawl for 1–14 days, a marked increase in the activities of histochemically detected acid phosphatase, thiamine pyrophosphatase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is observed. LDH and SDH activities do not change. Two different cell types can be distinguished by means of the acid phosphatase and TPPase reactions.     

Phosphoprotein phosphatase activity of bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase

The phosphoprotein phosphatase activity of a commercial preparation of bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) was examined using phosvitin and dentine phosphoprotein as substrates. Over 90% and 70% of the phosphorus from dentine phosphoprotein and phosvitin were hydrolyzed in 2 h. The optimum pH of the enzyme for the dephosphorylation of phosvitin and dentine phosphoprotein was nearly 6. No protein phosphatase activity was observed when the alkaline phosphatases from bovine liver and pulp were investigated.     

Effect of halogenmethylenebisphosphonates on bone cells in culture and on bone resorption in vivo

Dihalogenmethylenebisphosphonates increase alkaline phosphatase activity and fatty acid oxidation in calvaria cells in culture (Cl2MBP greater than Br2MBP approximately equal to F2MBP). The monohalogen ClMBP and the non-halogenated analogues are less active on phosphatase and inactive on or inhibitory towards fatty acid oxidation. The three dihalogenbisphosphonates and ClMBP inhibit bone resorption in vivo, Cl2MBP most strongly.     

Enzyme activities of a cold-resistant L cell variant

Summary Resistance of mouse L cells to cold increased the activity of nonspecific esterase, acid phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase, but did not influence the activity of succinate dehydrogenase.     

Haptoglobin development in newborn infants from diabetic mothers

Haptoglobin (Hp) development during the neonatal period has been studied in 325 newborn infants from normal pregnancies and in 242 infants from diabetic mothers. In infants from diabetic mothers Hp development is delayed as compared to infants from normal pregnancies. This delay is associated with a change in the pattern of relationship between Hp development and the polymorphism of acid phosphatase (ACP1) (an enzyme which shows phosphotyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) activity). In infants from normal pregnancies who show ACP1 phenotypes with the highest activity, the appearance of Hp is accelerated as compared to other infants. In contrast, infants from diabetic pregnancies who have ACP1 phenotypes with the highest activity, show delayed Hp development.     

Die Serumphosphatasen der Ratte in verschiedenen Lebensaltern

Summary The serum alkaline and acid phosphatases were examined in male rats between the ages of 20 and 300 days, using the method ofHuggins andTalalay ⁴. The activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases increase significantly to the age of 45 days, followed by a highly significant decrease up to 120th day for alkaline and to 75th day for acid phosphatase. After castration, highly significant increases in the acid, but no changes in the alkaline serum phosphatase were observed.     

Biochemical compartmentation of fish tissues. II. Nonspecific phosphomonoesterases in brain.

The specific activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases in different regions of the brain of 9 nutritionally important fishes were worked out. The region consisting of pituitary, hypothalamus and thalamus showed the highest acid and alkaline phosphatase activities. Least activities of both the enzymes were found in the cerebellum and medulla oblongata. The piscivorous fishes contain the highest acid and alkaline phosphatase activity followed by cat fishes and major carps. The distributional pattern of these 2 enzymes in 4 regions of the brain of 9 fishes is the same.     

Involutive morphological modifications in the rat adrenal glomerular zone after a low-sodium diet

Summary We have studied glomerular zone involution in the rat's adrenal gland after a period of hyperfunction brought about by a low-sodium diet. The changes observed in this zone affect those organoids that are more directly involved in steroid genesis; mitochondria, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and liposomes. The Golgi complexes appear very developed, often, showing, a positive acid phosphatase activity. Lysosomes suffered a considerable increase in their number, and carried out their digestive function on liposomes. All those changes discussed here are seen as an accomodation of this zone to the new normofunctional situation.     

Lysosomal enzyme release associated with the invasion of rat liver by Novikoff hepatoma.

The lysosomes of both Novikoff heptoma and liver from Novikoff heptoma-bearing rats were found to be relatively intact structurally, lower in acid phosphatase activity, greatly depleted in number but with nearly normal membrane integrity when compared with normal liver.