CO2 activation on bimetallic CuNi nanoparticles

A trio of thiolate-protected atomically precise gold nanoclusters, [Au23(S-c-C6H11)16]–, Au24(SCH2pHtBu)20 and [Au25(SCH2CH2pH)18]–, are utilized as catalysts for 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) reduction to 4-aminophenol (4-AP). Despite nearly identical sizes (~1 nm), the three nanoclusters possess distinctly different atomic packing structures and surface ligand binding modes, which contribute to different catalytic performance. The [Au23(S-c-C6H11)16]– nanocluster shows the highest activity with a kinetic rate constant of 0.0370 s?1, which is higher than those of Au24(SCH2pHtBu)20 (0.0090 s?1) and [Au25(SCH2CH2pH)18]– (0.0242 s?1). Such a trio of gold nanoclusters indicate that the atomic packing mode and electronic structure play a crucial role in determining their catalytic performance.     

RGS2 regulates signal transduction in olfactory neurons by attenuating activation of adenylyl cyclase III

The heterotrimeric G-protein Gs couples cell-surface receptors to the activation of adenylyl cyclases and cyclic AMP production (reviewed in refs 1, 2). RGS proteins, which act as GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) for the G-protein alpha-subunits alpha(i) and alpha(q), lack such activity for alpha(s) (refs 3-6). But several RGS proteins inhibit cAMP production by Gs-linked receptors. Here we report that RGS2 reduces cAMP production by odorant-stimulated olfactory epithelium membranes, in which the alpha(s) family member alpha(olf) links odorant receptors to adenylyl cyclase activation. Unexpectedly, RGS2 reduces odorant-elicited cAMP production, not by acting on alpha(olf) but by inhibiting the activity of adenylyl cyclase type III, the predominant adenylyl cyclase isoform in olfactory neurons. Furthermore, whole-cell voltage clamp recordings of odorant-stimulated olfactory neurons indicate that endogenous RGS2 negatively regulates odorant-evoked intracellular signalling. These results reveal a mechanism for controlling the activities of adenylyl cyclases, which probably contributes to the ability of olfactory neurons to discriminate odours.     

等离子体辅助下二氧化碳向一氧化碳的转化

为了实现二氧化碳向一氧化碳的转化,在等离子体辅助下利用这个装置进行了二氧化碳、煤和水蒸气的共处理研究．研究了磁场电流、二氧化碳流量和电弧的输入功率对气体产量的影响,同时,用可见发射光谱对电弧等离子体进行实时诊断．结果表明,H2和CO的产量随着电弧输入功率和二氧化碳流量的增大而增加,同时,H2,CO,CO2和O2的产量随着磁场电流的增大出现一个最大值．在气体产物中,H2和CO的体积百分含量介于83．0%～86．0％之间,而CO2的体积百分含量低于4．0％,与此同时,随着实验参数的变化,CO2的转化率介于78．9％～88．6％之间．对可见发射光谱的分析表明,H2或者CO的产量随着CH自由基或者CCO^＋离子峰强度的增大而增加．由此可见,H2和CO是通过CCO^＋离子和CH自由基这些中间体生成的．     

活性炭对CO和CO2的吸附行为研究

采用重量吸附法,研究了空白活性炭A、经有机胺改性的活性炭C和经氢氧化钾与有机胺混合溶液改性得到的活性炭D在绝对温度303,313,323K下分别对单组分气体CO和CO2气体的等温吸附行为。等温吸附模型优选的结果表明:Freundlich方程是描述活性炭吸附CO气体的最佳模型方程;而Langmuir方程、D-R方程可以较好地模拟活性炭样品A在303,313,323 K下对CO2的等温吸附,Freundlich方程则能较好地模拟样品C和D在313 K下的等温吸附。CO和CO2在活性炭A上的等量吸附热均随吸附量的增加而降低。相同吸附压力下,CO2的吸附量高于CO。改性活性炭C和D上CO2的吸附量明显高于空白活性炭A;而活性炭的比表面积和微孔容积与吸附量的变化没有直接相关性。     

CO2减排新途径--土壤中CO2固定的试验研究

采用土柱淋溶模拟试验,研究长效碳铵及普通碳铵在土壤中的分解特性,以考察长效碳铵固碳的实际可能性.试验表明:在施用长效碳铵和普通碳铵后的1个星期左右,两者在土壤中的HCO-3,CO2-3离子质量浓度基本相同,且主要集中在土壤表层.2个星期后,施用长效碳铵的土壤中HCO-3,CO2-3离子质量浓度都明显高于相应的普通碳铵.结果可知在土壤固碳方面长效碳铵要优于普通碳铵.     

原位漫反射红外光谱研究CO、CO2在Rh-Mn-Li/SiO2催化剂上的化学吸附

在温度25~300℃和压力0.1~3.0 MPa范围内,利用原位漫反射红外光谱法研究了CO和CO2在Rh-Mn-Li/SiO2催化剂上的化学吸附。在0.1 MPa和25℃时CO在该催化剂上存在线式、孪生和桥式吸附,以桥式吸附为主,3种吸附均能快速达到吸附平衡。压力保持0.1 MPa,温度由25℃升至300℃时,线式比桥式先脱附,至265℃时,3种吸附基本脱附完全;当温度维持205℃不变而压力逐步由0.1升至3.0 MPa时,线式吸附增量较少,桥式吸附增量较多;CO2在0.1 MPa,25℃时就能发生快速的解离吸附,即CO2→CO O,其吸附行为表现为CO的线式吸附,但吸附峰与纯CO吸附时不同;当温度稳定在25℃而压力逐步升至2.5 MPa时,不仅CO2吸附量增大,而且其2052 cm-1吸附峰有向高波数移动的趋势。     

CO2共聚物离聚物的合成

分别合成了支链型含阴离子和嵌段型含阳离子CO2共聚物,采用聚碳酸亚丙酯和含季铵离子的低聚物经异氰酸酯类物质扩链合成了嵌段型含季铵离子的CO2共聚物,通过改变PPC与QPECH的摩尔比或采用不同分子量的PPC进行扩链,合成了不同离子含量和不同离子分布的含季铵离子的CO2共聚物;采用含双键的CO2三元共聚物,通过接枝丙烯酸的办法引入了羧基,结果表明,接枝共聚物的溶解性多种因素影响,且本文对各种影响因素进行了考察并取得较好结果,并通过元素分析、滴定分析及^1HNMR、IR等对离聚物进行了表征。     

CO2分子的屈曲

用分子动力学方法模拟了CO2线形分子在纵向压力作用下的屈曲,与连续介质弹性稳定理论得到的计算结果一致.     

超临界CO_2萃取分离生物油

考察了超临界CO2萃取前后玉米秸杆快速热裂解生物油的分离提质效果,并对提质后生物油的品质进行了初步评价.醛类、酮类、酚类等弱极性化合物可被scCO2选择性的萃取,而酸类和水则主要残留于萃余相中;提质后生物油中GC-MS可识别的物质种类由17种提高到80种,这表明利用超临界萃取与GC-MS分析相结合,可显著地提高生物油的定性和半定量分析的准确性.提质后生物油由不透明的黑褐色变为浅黄色透明的液体,且具有较高的耐热稳定性,含水率降至原来的五分之一,热值提高了将近1倍,pH值也从2.1提高到了4.1.确定的适宜萃取工艺条件为55℃和30.0 MPa.     

矩型波导CO2激光器

通过对矩型波导激光器腔模理论的分析,指出在某些情况下矩型波导结构明显优于圆型结构。同时,设计了２×２×１４０ｍｍ金属－陶瓷结构的ＲＦ激励波导ＣＯ２激光器,输出功率最大为３．３９Ｗ,效率为６％。     

海拉尔-塔木查格盆地中部断陷带CO2气藏中CO2成因分析

以海拉尔-塔木察格盆地中部断陷带CO2气藏中的CO2为研究对象,通过组分分析、碳同位素及氦、氩同位素分析,结合研究区CO2含量和同位素数据及他人研究成果,利用排除法探讨研究区CO2的成因及来源。结果表明:研究区CO2平均含量大于85%,CO2稳定碳同位素偏轻,δ13CCO2为-13.1‰～-8.8‰,为目前已发现的具有较为特殊碳同位素组成特征的CO2气藏;尽管CO2稳定碳同位素偏轻,但通过排除法可以证明该区CO2为无机成因气的结论最为合理,且CO2应来源于上地幔岩浆脱气。     

乙醇胺为主体的CO_2吸收剂的复配研究

以改善乙醇胺(MEA)水溶液吸收负荷、吸收速率、再生程度和防腐蚀等性能为目标,对以MEA为主体的复配吸收剂的性能进行了研究。结果表明,在MEA水溶液中加入哌嗪(PZ)或者2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇(AMP)能提高MEA水溶液吸收CO2的负荷、平均吸收速率和再生性能。在溶液中加入少量氧化膜型缓蚀剂能有效抑制吸收剂溶液对碳钢的腐蚀,吸收剂溶液对碳钢的腐蚀速率从无缓蚀剂条件下的1.96 g/(m2.h)可降低到0.2 g/(m2.h)左右,极大地改善了吸收剂溶液的防腐蚀性能,对碳钢材料起到了较好的保护作用,缓蚀效果为偏钒酸钠铬酸钾重铬酸钾亚硝酸钠硝酸钠磷酸钠亚硫酸钠。     

Effect of iron supply on Southern Ocean CO2 uptake and implications for glacial atmospheric CO2

Photosynthesis by marine phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean, and the associated uptake of carbon, is thought to be currently limited by the availability of iron. One implication of this limitation is that a larger iron supply to the region in glacial times could have stimulated algal photosynthesis, leading to lower concentrations of atmospheric CO2. Similarly, it has been proposed that artificial iron fertilization of the oceans might increase future carbon sequestration. Here we report data from a whole-ecosystem test of the iron-limitation hypothesis in the Southern Ocean, which show that surface uptake of atmospheric CO2 and uptake ratios of silica to carbon by phytoplankton were strongly influenced by nanomolar increases of iron concentration. We use these results to inform a model of global carbon and ocean nutrients, forced with atmospheric iron fluxes to the region derived from the Vostok ice-core dust record. During glacial periods, predicted magnitudes and timings of atmospheric CO2 changes match ice-core records well. At glacial terminations, the model suggests that forcing of Southern Ocean biota by iron caused the initial approximately 40 p.p.m. of glacial-interglacial CO2 change, but other mechanisms must have accounted for the remaining 40 p.p.m. increase. The experiment also confirms that modest sequestration of atmospheric CO2 by artificial additions of iron to the Southern Ocean is in principle possible, although the period and geographical extent over which sequestration would be effective remain poorly known.     

Na2O2与CO2反应的研究

文章通过实验和热力学计算探讨No2O2与CO2反应的条件。     

Triassic-Jurassic atmospheric CO2 spike.

I question the claim by Tanner et al. that atmospheric CO2 levels remained constant across the Triassic-Jurassic boundary on the grounds of problems with stratigraphic completeness and contamination with atmospheric methane. Because methanogenic CH4 has a light isotope composition and oxidizes readily to CO2, methane-clathrate dissociation and oxidation events cannot be detected by palaeobarometers that use the carbon-isotope composition of palaeosol carbonate.     

CO2封存与气候变化

为了回应当前对气候变化问题的一些质疑,2010年5月7日,255名美国科学院院士以个人名义在Science杂志发表了关于"气候变化与科学完整性"的公开信(http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/328/5979/689).     

C1化学中的CO2

C1化学是化学研究的一个新的分支,在对C1化学的研究中,科学家对CO2的研究非常重视,本文对CO2的功过及发展研究前景进行了分析。     

Faset-CO_2树脂砂

研制了一种新型的CO_2气硬树脂-Faset树脂砂,以Faset1为例进行了工艺性能的实验研究.为便于表征树脂的特性,提出树脂模数M的概念.研究表明,M增大,Faset树脂砂的初强度增大,但终强度、烘干强度降低;当M为0.85时,Faset树脂砂的综合强度性能较好.