横向来流对等离子体点火器射流特性的影响

为研究航空等离子体点火器的射流特性,采用纹影摄像技术记录了等离子体射流的形成及发展过程,研究来流环境下横向来流速度对航空等离子体点火器射流特性的影响规律.结果表明:在横向来流条件下,来流速度的增大会使得射流偏转角增大,当横向来流速度v m=5 m/s时,射流偏转角θ=15.9°,当横向来流速度vm=20m/s时,射流偏转角θ=77.1°,来流速度增大15m/s,射流偏转角增大3.8倍;同时来流速度增大时,会加大等离子体射流动量与热量的损失速率,导致等离子体射流穿透深度、射流速度、射流面积及射流面积变化率均减小.     

射流对管道水流压力场的影响

为探究射流对有压管道内主流压力场的影响,就矩形管道内流体汇入单股射流进行了实验研究。射流入射方向与主流之间的角度为90°,射流速度为主流速度的1~6倍。实验结果表明,在入射口附近存在1个向下游偏斜的射流核心区;随着入射流体的进入,核心区内的压力略有增加;核心区外,管道内流体压力产生较大幅度的提升,该提升量与射流速度的二次方成正比,与主流速度无关。     

仿生射流表面流场控制减阻数值模拟

利用SST k-ω湍流模型对仿生矩形射流表面的减阻特性进行数值模拟,解释了射流表面减小摩擦阻力的原因及对近壁区边界层的控制行为.结果表明,射流孔面积相等时,射流孔与射流表面沿展向长度的比值越大,减阻效果越好.当其它因素不变时,随着射流速度的增大减阻率逐渐增大,随着射流流量的增大减阻率逐渐增大,最大减阻率为35.97%.射流表面对边界层的控制行为表现为主流场近壁区的剪切流动遇到射流的阻抗,在射流孔的背流面形成逆流区,逆流在边界层底层产生的剪应力与主流场方向相反;同时在射流孔下游产生反向旋转涡对并在近壁面诱导出二次涡,相当于在高速流体与壁面之间产生润滑带,使边界层黏性底层厚度增大,速度梯度减小,摩擦阻力减小.     

纳米流体两相流磨削区压力场建模与实验

主要对纳米粒子射流微量润滑磨削砂轮与工件界面压力场进行理论建模与数值仿真。建立了纳米粒子射流微量润滑磨削区两相流压力场的数学模型,并进行了仿真。结果表明：磨削区动压力随着砂轮转速的增加,射流速度的增大而增大;随着最小间隙的增大急剧减小;3种喷嘴角度下,当喷嘴位置角度为15°时,磨削区沿砂轮进给方向的压力大于其他2种位置。在KP-36精密磨床以及纳米粒子射流供给装置构建的实验平台上,利用CY3018型压力传感器测试压力场变化规律,研究了砂轮转速、最小间隙、射流速度以及喷嘴角度对磨削区压力场的影响,实验测得的数据与仿真数据基本吻合,验证了理论研究的正确性。     

热横向射流近壁区的温度变化研究

当热射流垂直入射至主流中时,在宽广的射流与主流流速比（0．01－1．50）下,测量了3个不同区域内近壁区流体的温度随流速比变化,通过实验发现,横向射流的流动形式复杂,不同区域近壁区流体的温度随流速比变化的情况不尽相同,在射流下游区,当流速比大于0．40以后,射流核心区已基本离开近壁处,在射流管出口处,低流速比时射流出口温度分布极不均匀,在射流管内,低流速比时存在有紊动区,当流速比大于0．05以后,射流管内温度已不受主流的.影响。     

支管带套管的横向射流流动特性的实验研究

针对核反应堆冷却剂系统中注水用带热套管的T型接管热冲击问题，利用数字粒子图像测速（DPIV）技术，测量了支管带套管的横向射流主流管内的流场，以及套管与支管间的环腔内的流场，考察了射流与主流流速比R为0.5-4.0时的速度和涡量分布特性，分析了主流管内的复杂涡系及套管环腔内的流动特性。结果表明，在出射孔附近的套管环腔侧后部存在“环腔泄流”，这有利于减弱射流对下游壁面的影响；射流近区的强演唱涡主要来源于射流及环腔泄剪切层，而它很快就破碎和耗散，发展为尾流远区的反向涡对；套管环腔内的流动与R密切相关，当R较高时套管的热保护作用显著。     

横流中三维圆形垂直浮力射流特性数值分析

采用κ-ε双方程模型，结合混合有限分析方法对横流中三维圆形垂直热水浮力射流进行了数值模拟．计算所得的温升分布与试验值较为吻合．对射流的流动结构、分叉现象、射流轨迹线等进行了预报，得出了基于速度场和温度场的射流轨迹线不同，横断面上的两个高温区的夹角范围与空气中所得结论一致，影响射流的主要因素是射流对来流的流速比等结论，从而证明了运用该数学模型对横流中三维圆形垂直热水浮力射流进行数值研究的有效性．     

组合式射流冲击冷却壁面稳态传热特性仿真分析

射流冲击是一种具有较高的局部换热效率的换热方式,具有重要的工程应用价值.以流体仿真软件Fluent为工具,设计了多个喷嘴组合式的射流冲击冷却模型,研究了组合式射流垂直和倾斜冲击壁面时的稳态传热过程,讨论了喷嘴倾角和间距对壁面传热特性的影响.发现随着斜喷嘴倾角增大,组合式射流的壁面平均努塞尔数先逐渐增大然后减小;组合式射流继承了单束直射流和斜射流的优点,在保证滞止区传热效率较高的同时,有效地提高了射流下游的传热效率并使壁温分布更加均匀;当斜喷嘴靠近直喷嘴时,组合式射流整体传热特性与单束斜射流相似;当沿横向和纵向增大斜喷嘴与直喷嘴间距时,壁面平均努塞尔数均增大.     

射流纵向涡强化换热的数值模拟

为研究射流引起的纵向涡对流动和换热性能的影响,采用数值方法模拟了三维矩形通道内有射流从底面进入时的定常、不可压层流对流换热,得到了纵向涡影响下的速度场和温度场以及沿流动方向局部Nusselt数的分布.以场协同原理为指导,分析了射流纵向涡强化换热的原因,并进一步研究了射流角对纵向涡的换热强化效果的影响.结果表明 纵向涡改善了通道内速度场和温度场的协同关系,强化了对流换热; 射流垂直底面入射时,纵向涡的换热强化效果较好.     

射流表面主流场速度与射流速度耦合减阻特性

针对射流表面流场特性,运用可拓学基本原理,建立主流场速度与射流速度耦元、耦合方式的可拓模型.利用RNG k-ε湍流模型对射流表面主流场速度与射流速度耦合情况下减阻特性进行数值模拟,研究射流表面减小黏性阻力和压差阻力的原因及对射流孔附近壁面流域边界层控制行为.研究结果表明:主流场速度越小与射流速度越大耦合情况下射流表面减阻效果最好,节能效果明显;主流场速度与射流速度耦合对边界层的控制行为表现在射流表面模型使射流孔下游流域黏性底层厚度减小,边界层厚度降低,导致壁面所受黏性阻力减小;同时形成的反向漩涡在壁面形成的反向流对仿生射流表面产生逆流向的推动作用,对压差阻力产生抑制效应.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the