CYP2C9 基因多态性对苯妥因体内代谢的影响

研究了CYP2C9基因多态性对苯妥因代谢活性的影响.采用PCR扩增及直接测序的方法检测65名健康受试者CYP2C9基因型.并利用高效液相色谱考察了野生型CYP2C9*1/*1携带者和杂合突变型CYP2C9*1/*3携带者对苯妥英代谢的影响.结果检测到5名健康志愿者携带CYP2C9*3突变型等位基因(1075位碱基A-C),为CYP2C9*1/*3杂合突变型,未检测到CYP2C9*4(1076位碱基T-C)和CYP2C9*5(1080位碱基C-G)突变型等位基因.在受检人群中,未检测纯合突变型等位基因携带者.实验结果表明,CYP2C9基因型与p-HPPH/苯妥因代谢率之间具有显著的相关性.野生基因型携带者的平均代谢率为携带CYP2C9*1/*/*3杂合型等位基因志愿者的2倍以上,且两种基因型携带者间的代谢率具有统计学上的显著性差异.对本次健康受试者的CYP2C9基因型与苯妥因代谢的相关性研究表明,CYP2C9*3突变型等位基因引起酶活性降低,对苯妥因的代谢减慢,与CYP2C9野生型相比具有显著性差异.由于中国人群中CYP2C9*3(1075A-C)的发生频率较高,约为85～10%.因此,当CYP2C9在药物代谢中起主要作用时应检测其CYP2C9*3突变型.     

错配PCR对牛X染色体相关基因杂合子的检测

利用DNA测序技术,在荷斯坦奶牛胎儿中找到X染色体基因GLRA2 3'端的杂合位点(C/T),设计错配引物在该位点对胎儿及其父本、母本基因组进行PCR扩增,建立起GLRA2基因的错配PCR技术,该技术可以快速在群体基因组中检测这一杂合位点.     

我国特有的三个小型猪品系PGC-1基因外显子8的多态性分析

目的 分析我国特有的三个小型猪品系:巴马小型猪、中国农大小型猪、五指山小型猪过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ协同激活子1基因第8外显子的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)分布特点,为我国小型猪在糖尿病和代谢性疾病研究中提供基础资料.方法 以三个品系小型猪基因组DNA为模板,应用特异性引物进行PCR扩增,扩增产物纯化测序,进行BLAST比对分析.结果 测序结果表明在小型猪PGC-1基因外显子8有5个单核苷酸多态性位点为:Ala354Val(450C→T),Gly363Gly(478C→T),Arg369Arg(494C→A),Leu570Leu(913G→A),Ser551Ser(1039A→G),其中,只有450位C→T的杂合突变导致了编码氨基酸的改变.结论 小型猪品种不同PGC-1基因外显子8的多态性分布有很大差异.     

检测AKT1基因E17K突变的高分辨率熔解曲线法（HRM）的建立及应用

建立并优化HRM方法检测AKT1基因的E17K(49G>A)突变,并在85例非小细胞肺癌中应用该法检测AKT1基因的E17K突变.设计、合成针对AKT1基因的E17K突变的引物、探针,优化不对称PCR条件及高分辨率熔解曲线(HRM)基因突变分析方法.对85例非小细胞肺癌标本提取的基因组DNA,应用HRM基因突变分析方法和直接测序的方法检测了AKT1基因的E17K突变情况.经优化后,设计的引物在不对称PCR反应条件下可扩增出良好的条带.检测探针与野生型模板的扩增产物杂交后,其解链温度要高于与突变型产物杂交的解链温度.野生型和突变型的质粒模板所产生的熔解曲线可见显著差异,相应的Tm值相差约 3.5℃.经HRM基因突变分析方法和直接测序法检测,在85例非小细胞肺癌标本检测到1例AKT1基因的E17K位点为杂合突变型,其余均为野生型.本研究建立的对AKT1 E47K突变检测的HRM方法是一种灵敏、准确、快速的方法.另外,本研究仅在非小细胞肺癌患者中发现频率极低的AKT1 E47K突变.     

ARMS实时PCR基因分型特异性的研究

以原癌基因K-ras基因12位密码子的4种基因型(野生型为GGT,突变型为AGT、TGT、CGT)质粒DNA为研究模型,采用SYBR GreenⅠ为实时PCR指示剂,进行ARMS实时PCR基因分型特异性的研究.结果表明在和模板匹配的ARMS引物3′端附近引入故意错配碱基,将ARMS引物浓度稀释10倍,并对传统三步PCR循环进行改良,即根据目的产物和引物二聚体的熔点差异,在传统延伸步骤之后增加一步恒温80℃检测荧光步骤,可消除引物二聚体的影响,使ARMS引物的特异性增强,得到清晰的基因分型结果.实验表明这种基于SYBR GreenⅠ的ARMS实时PCR基因分型方法,无需合成探针,实验设计简单,是一种快速、简便、经济、特异性好的基因分型方法,可推广用于其他基因的分型,并可望成为应用于临床的基因诊断技术之一.     

利用线粒体 DNA Cytb 基因 PCR-RFLP 分析方法鉴别青鱼和草鱼

建立了一种以线粒体细胞色素 b（Cyt b）基因为标靶,应用 PCR -RFLP 技术进行草鱼和青鱼种质鉴定的分析方法。设计一对引物 QYCYT -S 和 QYCTY -A 分别对青鱼和草鱼的 Cyt b 基因进行了 PCR 扩增,并选用 BglⅠ和 EcoRⅡ两种限制性内切酶对扩增产物进行酶切分析。结果表明,草鱼和青鱼都可以扩增出1111 bp 的条带,两种酶切检验发现,草鱼扩增产物能被 BglⅠ切成247 bp 和864 bp 两个片段,而青鱼的 PCR 产物能被 EcoRⅡ切成140 bp 和971 bp 两个片段,这表明,mtDNA Cyt b 基因 BglⅠ和EcoRⅡ的酶切位点都可作为鉴定青鱼和草鱼的有效分子标记。利用 PCR -RFLP 分析 mtDNA Cyt b 基因的方法操作简单,是一种快速鉴别草鱼和青鱼的可靠方法。     

ARMS实时PCR基因分型特异性的研究

以原癌基因K—ras基因12位密码子的4种基因型(野生型为GGT，突变型为AGT、TGT、CGT)质粒DNA为研究模型．采用SYBR Green I为实时PCR指示剂，进行ARMS实时PCR基因分型特异性的研究．结果表明：在和模板匹配的ARMS引物3′端附近引人故意错配碱基．将ARMS引物浓度稀释10倍，并对传统三步PCR循环进行改良．即根据目的产物和引物二聚体的熔点差异．在传统延伸步骤之后增加一步恒温80℃检测荧光步骤。可消除引物二聚体的影响．使ARMS引物的特异性增强．得到清晰的基因分型结果．实验表明这种基于SYBR Green I的ARMS实时PCR基因分型方法，无需合成探针，实验设计简单．是一种快速、简便、经济、特异性好的基因分型方法，可推广用于其他基因的分型。并可望成为应用于临床的基因诊断技术之一．     

PCR扩增ZFY及ZFX基因对奶牛的性别鉴定

根据人及鼠 ZFY 及 ZFX 基因设计一对引物(ZF_1;ZF_2),利用 PCR 方法对牛的ZFY 及 ZFX 基因进行扩增.将扩增片段用 RStI 酶切,再通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳后判定牛的性别.公牛 ZFY 基因的 PCR 扩增片段有一个 RStI 酶切位点,ZFX 基因没有 PSTI 酶切位点.所以公牛的 PCR 片段经酶切后出现三个片段(468bp;356bp;112bp).而母牛的 PCR 扩增片段酶切后仍只有一个片段(468bp).据此就可区别雌雄性别.     

重组人细胞色素P450 2C9在毕赤酵母中的胞内表达

以含有CYP2C9基因完全编码框的克隆载体质粒DNA为模板,并在人细胞色素P4502C9的5’端插入kozak序列及3’端6×His标签进行PCR扩增,克隆至真核表达载体pPIC3.5K,利用电激法将经Sal I线性化的重组质粒pPIC3.5K-2C9转化至毕赤酵母GS115中,通过抗性、表型和PCR筛选多拷贝整合株,甲醇诱导毕赤酵母GS115/pPIC3.5K-2C9的表达,SDS-PAGE和Western blotting分析鉴定表达产物.结果表明:含有重组质粒的重组pPIC3.5K-2C9表达了大小为55KD的目的蛋白,与预期大小相符,说明人细胞色素CYP2C9可在毕赤酵母的胞内表达.     

PPP2R5C转录本在正常人和血液肿瘤病人中的分布情况

目的:建立分析不同PPP2R5C转录本检测方法,分析正常人和血液肿瘤病人中5种PPP2R5C基因转录本的表达特点.方法:根据PPP2R5C基因的结构特点,设计4对引物,利用RT-PCR方法分析9例正常人、7例T细胞-非霍奇金淋巴瘤(T-NHL)、11例B细胞-急性淋巴细胞白血病(B-ALL)和8例急性髓细胞白血病(AML)病人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中PPP2R5C基因的表达情况.结果:所设计的4对引物,均可在样本中扩增到预期PCR产物,其中第1对引物可扩增两个不同大小PCR产物(包含12+13+14外显子的大片段及仅含12+14外显子的小片段),而另3对对引物所扩增的产物分别为10+11+12+12a外显子,Ⅲ+2外显子和Ⅳ+2外显子的基因片段,所有PCR产物均通过核苷酸序列分析证实.结果显示所有样本均表达全部PPP2R5C转录本.结论:初步建立区分不同PPP2R5C转录本的方法,各转录本在正常人和不同血液肿瘤病人中的分布情况基本一致.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to