水泥乳化沥青混合料施工和易性评价方法及影响因素

为了研究水泥乳化沥青混合料的施工和易性及其对压实性能的影响,基于沥青表面自由能理论,采用拌和扭矩表征该混合料的施工和易性。通过拌和和易性测试设备和旋转压实仪分别测定混合料的拌和扭矩和压实性能。通过抗压强度极差分析法确定常温下混合料的最优配合比方案,提出该混合料的拌和和易性评价方法及影响因素;根据拌和状态和拌和扭矩值确定10℃、25℃、40℃时混合料的最佳含水率与拌和时间的推荐值,并分析3种温度下不同摊铺模拟初压次数时的摊铺和易性对压实性能的影响。研究结果表明:含水率对混合料的拌和和易性有显著影响,10℃、25℃、40℃时的最佳含水率(质量分数)分别为5.25%、6%、6.5%,3种温度下混合料的推荐拌和时间均为12s;整体上随着温度的增加,试件空隙率随扭矩的增加逐渐下降,抗压强度随扭矩的增加而逐渐增大,最佳施工温度为40℃;10℃、25℃时的最佳初压次数为20,相应的试件密实度分别为84.3%和85%;40℃时最佳初压次数为30,相应的试件密实度为85.7%。采用给出的水泥乳化沥青混合料拌和和易性评价方法可为路面拌和施工工艺提供参考,最佳初压次数对应的密实度可对摊铺机振捣梁和熨平板频率参数的选择与优化组合提供参考。     

模拟温压实的常温再生混合料二次成型温度研究

为使室内常温再生沥青混合料设计真实反映现场实际工况,结合4条高速常温再生实体工程,实测了上覆热拌沥青混合料（HMA）施工过程中常温再生层中不同深度处的温度,分析了不同常温再生层厚度、不同上覆HMA厚度以及不同气候施工对常温再生层温度场的影响,建立了常温再生层不同深度处的温度预估方程;同时测试了不同施工大气温度下常温再生层芯样及室内试件的体积参数和力学性能。结果表明：上覆HMA摊铺过程中,再生层内部温度变化受施工环境影响较大;施工大气温度以及室内二次成型温度对常温再生混合料空隙率、抗弯拉强度、抗剪强度及断裂功影响显著,施工大气温度为30℃左右时,相比于0℃左右,空隙率降低约25%,抗弯拉强度、抗剪强度及断裂功分别至少提升45%、66%、77%;室内二次击实温度为80℃时,相比于40℃,空隙率降低约20%,抗弯拉强度、抗剪强度及断裂功分别至少提升42%、35%、80%;室内常温再生混合料设计时,应考虑二次成型温度的影响,以模拟现场再生层因内部温度变化而对混合料性能产生的影响。     

沥青混合料渗透性影响因素分析

为了研究不同因素对沥青混合料渗透性能的影响,通过测试AC-13和AC-20两种沥青混合料不同空隙率试件在不同温度、水压和轴压条件下的渗透系数,对比研究水压、温度、空隙率、轴压、最大公称粒径等因素对沥青混合料渗透性能的影响。试验结果表明,渗水量随着水压的增大而增大,但增加幅度呈逐渐减小的趋势;空隙率对沥青混合料材料渗透性能影响最大,空隙率越大,其渗透系数越大,间接验证了8%的空隙率是沥青路面透水性急剧增长的拐点;对于不同沥青混合料材料,最大公称粒径越大,其渗透系数越大;对于相同的沥青混合料,试验温度越高,加载的轴压越大,其渗透系数越大。故应严格控制沥青路面施工压实质量,注意多雨地区高温重载对沥青路面的不利影响。     

沥青混合料动态模量主曲线方法对比分析

为了更好地研究沥青混合料的动态特性,在4.4、21.1、37.8、54.4℃这4个试验温度下对沥青混合料进行简单性能试验(SPT),获得动态模量随加载频率的变化规律,然后基于时-温转换原理,采用WLF法和二次多项式法对数据进行非线性拟合,以此建立动态模量主曲线模型,并对两种方法进行分析。结果表明:1)相同试验温度下,沥青混合料动态模量随荷载加载频率增大而增大,相同加载频率下,沥青混合料动态模量随试验温度升高而降低,且试验温度越低时,加载频率的影响越显著;2)WLF法和二次多项式法均可拟合动态模量主曲线,拟合度分别为0.899和0.998。相较而言,二次多项式法能有效减少预测误差,主曲线模型拟合度和光滑程度更高,能够更准确地描述沥青混合料粘弹性动态响应的影响。     

沥青混合料抗剪强度的影响因素

为了研究沥青混合料抗剪强度的影响因素,基于单轴贯入试验,在温度为60℃时,直接对集料级配、集料性质、沥青性质、含油量、空隙率以及均匀对沥青混合料抗剪强度的影响进行研究.研究结果表明:集料级配和公称最大集料粒径对沥青混合料抗剪强度有显著的影响;沥青混合料抗剪强度受其集料中针片状含量的影响较大,集料中针片状含量增大,沥青混合料抗剪强度减小;结合料的性质,特别是针入度、软化点和粘度对沥青混合料抗剪强度有较大的影响,随着针入度减小,软化点和粘度增大,沥青混合料抗剪强度增大;含油量对沥青混合料抗剪强度有较大影响,随着油石比的增大,沥青混合料抗剪强度减小;沥青混合料抗剪强度受其空隙率的影响较大,一般随着空隙率的增大,其抗剪强度减小;沥青混合料均匀性与沥青混合料抗剪强度绝对数值间没有明显的关联,而与数值间的变异性有着很好的相关性.     

考虑沥青混合料空隙率的蠕变特性及改进Burgers模型

为了更为精确的分析不同空隙类型沥青混合料的抗变形性能的影响,在经典的Burgers模型上进行改进,添加了一个非线性元件,得到改进的Burgers模型,将模型的宏观参数转化为离散元PFC的微观参数,植入PFC程序,用于分析不同空隙特征沥青混合料的抗变形性能。结果表明：改进Burgers模型能较好地表征空隙率较大的沥青混合料的蠕变特性,且空隙率较大的沥青混合料在加载过程中相比与空隙率较小的沥青混合料的非线性蠕变变形更为明显,同时,改进Burgers模型可较好地预测在不同温度条件下不同空隙类型的沥青混合料的蠕变变形。用于研究大空隙特征沥青混合料OGFC-13时,当空隙率增大2%时,沥青混合料蠕变变形最大可增大1/2,当空隙率增大10%时,沥青混合料蠕变变形可增大近6倍。     

废旧沥青混合料掺量对热再生改性沥青混合料拌和压实温度的影响

为研究废旧沥青混合料(RAP)掺量对热再生乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)改性沥青混合料拌和压实温度的影响,通过室内试验得到旧料掺量、再生级配、拌和压实温度与再生混合料体积指标的关系;并以4%空隙率为目标体积确定AC-16再生SBS沥青混合料的最佳拌和压实温度。结果表明:再生混合料毛体积密度不与拌和压实温度呈线性关系,毛体积密度随温度变化出现峰值;Superpave级配不适用标准击实方式;同一拌和压实温度下,随着旧料掺量的增加,混合料空隙率会越大;旧料掺量在20%～40%情况下,掺量每增加10%,最佳拌和压实温度提高5℃左右;40%高RAP掺量下,再生SBS改性沥青混合料各路用性能都能达到规范要求。     

排水性沥青混合料热老化性能

为了研究排水性沥青混合料的热老化性能,首先研究了沥青混合料的热老化机理,然后通过对比分析确定了排水性沥青混合料的短期和长期热老化试验方法,最后对3种不同空隙率的排水性沥青混合料,分别研究了热老化对其高温稳定性、低温抗变形能力和抗水损害性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:热老化使结合料变脆,劲度模量变大,沥青混合料的动稳定度变大;相同热老化时间,随空隙率的增大,动稳定度增大,空隙率高的排水性沥青混合料低温抗弯拉破坏和抗收缩应力的能力越低;在同一空隙率下,排水性沥青混合料的最大弯拉强度和最大弯拉应变在老化后均减小;经过热老化处理后,排水性沥青混合料的抗水损害性能有所提高;在热老化时间相同条件下,空隙率越大,其抗水损害的能力就越差。     

RAP掺量对热再生改性沥青混合料拌和压实温度的影响

为研究RAP掺量对热再生SBS改性沥青混合料拌和压实温度的影响,通过室内试验得到旧料掺量、再生级配、拌和压实温度与再生混合料体积指标的关系,并以4%空隙率为目标体积确定AC-16再生SBS沥青混合料的最佳拌和压实温度。结果表明：再生混合料毛体积密度不与拌和压实温度成线性关系,毛体积密度随温度变化出现峰值;Superpave级配不适用标准击实方式;同一拌和压实温度下,随着旧料掺量的增加,混合料空隙率会越大;旧料掺量在20%～40%情况下,掺量每增加10%,最佳拌和压实温度提高5℃左右。40%高RAP掺量下,再生SBS改性沥青混合料各路用性能都能达到规范要求。     

橡胶沥青混合料疲劳性能影响因素研究

参考美国国家公路与运输协会(AASHTO)标准TP8要求,根据中国沥青混合料的成型现状,采用材料试验机(material test system,MTS)控制加载,选择改进的三分点加载小梁弯曲疲劳试验对橡胶沥青混合料疲劳性能影响因素进行了研究.研究表明:橡胶沥青油石质量比在7.5%～9.0%时,橡胶沥青混合料的疲劳寿命随沥青掺量的增加而增大;在正常的空隙率范围内,随着空隙率的减小,橡胶沥青混合料的疲劳寿命逐渐增加,但饱和度太高,对混合料的疲劳性能不利;胶粉掺量在19%时的疲劳性能最好.对各影响因素进行关联度分析表明,空隙率对橡胶沥青混合料的疲劳性能影响最为显著,沥青饱和度、油石质量比和胶粉掺量对疲劳性能也有较大影响.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with