国产结构用铝合金高温力学性能试验研究

为了研究铝合金材料在高温下的力学性能,完成了国产结构用铝合金6082-T6、6N01-T6、6061-T4和6061-T6的高温下恒温加载试验.试验测得了4种牌号铝合金在不同温度下(20~300℃)的力学性能,包括名义屈服强度、极限强度和延伸率等力学性能指标.然而在试验中发现高温下材料应变难以准确测量,因此未能获得各牌号铝合金高温下的弹性模量.将试验数据进行拟合,得到了4种牌号铝合金力学性能指标高温折减系数的计算式,为铝合金结构的抗火性能研究打下基础.此外,还将所得到的折减系数计算式与欧洲规范和美国规范中的建议值进行对比,结果表明规范建议值均偏安全,其中美国规范最为保守.     

国产结构用铝合金低温力学性能试验研究

为弥补目前国内外对结构用铝合金低温力学性能试验研究的不足,完成了国产结构用铝合金6082-T6、6N01-T6、6061-T6和6061-T4的低温恒温加载试验.试验测得4种牌号铝合金在-120～20℃下的抗拉极限强度、名义屈服强度、延伸率和断面收缩率等力学性能指标.试验结果表明,低温下铝合金会出现加工硬化现象,其抗拉极限强度和名义屈服强度均有所增加,但断后延伸率以及断面收缩率的变化规律不明显.通过试验数据拟合,得到4种牌号铝合金力学性能指标的低温提高系数的计算式.最后,将提高系数计算式与美国规范建议值进行比较,结果表明美国规范较为保守.     

节点刚度对铝合金板式节点网壳稳定性能的影响

本文提出了考虑铝合金板式节点半刚性的杆件单元力学模型,建立了考虑铝合金板式节点试验弯矩-转角曲线关系的网壳结构数值模型,并通过数值算例进行验证.数值计算结果表明,铝合金板式节点半刚性特性显著降低了网壳结构的承载力.进一步的参数分析表明,结构跨度对网壳稳定承载力的影响最大,荷载分布模式和支撑条件对网壳稳定承载力的影响较小.     

铝合金板式节点承载力设计方法及构造要求

对铝合金板式节点的承载力进行理论分析,提出了节点板块状拉剪破坏的承载力计算公式以及节点板局部屈曲承载力的计算公式.在试验的基础上,利用ABAQUS软件对铝合金板式节点进行数值模拟研究,数值分析结果和试验结果吻合较好.根据试验结果拟合得到了节点承载力公式中的系数.将承载力计算公式和试验结果进行了对比,验证了公式的实用性.最后提出铝合金板式节点的实用构造要求,并通过试验结果验证了其正确性.     

点支式玻璃建筑中铸铝支承件承载性能

为了研究点支式玻璃建筑中铸铝支承件的承载性能,对3种典型铸铝支承件进行了足尺模型试验研究。按照实际工程中支承件的形式与尺寸制造模具,采用ZL105-T1和ZL111-T6这种铝合金材料铸造成足尺模型试件,借助万能试验机对试件进行加载试验,得出了试件的屈服荷载与极限荷载。根据试件的实际几何尺寸与材料属性,建立有限元模型对试验过程进行数值模拟。有限元分析结果与试验数据吻合良好,验证了有限元模型的可靠性。试验研究与有限元分析表明铸铝支承件的承载力较高,可以在实际工程中应用。     

国产结构用铝合金断裂韧性参数校准

为了将空穴增长模型(VGM)和应力修正临界应变模型(SMCS)应用于国产结构用铝合金的韧性断裂预测,完成了国产6061-T6、6082-T6和7020-T6 3种牌号的铝合金标准圆棒试件和缺口圆棒试件的单轴拉伸试验,并结合有限元分析,校准了3种牌号铝合金的VGM和SMCS模型断裂韧性参数.研究结果表明:槽口半径大小对各牌号铝合金试件的断裂韧性参数校准值影响较小,离散系数均在20%以内;断裂韧性参数是铝合金材料固有属性,可用于国产结构用铝合金在不同应力状态下的韧性断裂预测;与SMCS模型相比,VGM模型能够更为精确地预测铝合金材料的韧性断裂.     

7075-T6高强铝合金轴心受压构件局部稳定试验研究

为研究结构工程中高强铝合金轴心受力构件的局部稳定性能,对7个7075-T6铝合金H型截面短柱开展了轴心受压试验,测量了7075-T6铝合金的材料力学性能和试件的局部几何初始缺陷,分析了试件的破坏形态、局部屈曲承载力、极限承载力.试验结果表明,7075-T6铝合金材料平均名义屈服强度达到536 MPa;试件翼缘与腹板的平...     

铝合金板式节点受弯承载力试验研究

从理论上提出了铝合金板式节点在面外弯矩作用下的抗弯承载力计算公式.进行了4个铝合金板式节点试件试验,其中3个试件只承受面外弯矩,一个试件同时承受面外弯矩和剪力,得到了板式节点的受力性能,归纳了板式节点在面外弯矩作用下和弯剪联合作用下的破坏模式主要为:杆件受弯破坏、节点板块状拉剪破坏和节点板的屈曲破坏.通过试验数据分析,得出了反应撬力对其极限承载力影响的折减系数k1的取值范围,并验证了承载力计算公式的准确性.针对4个板式节点试件的试验,采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了有限元数值分析模型,分析了其极限承载力,补充和完善了试验研究.     

矩形钢管偏心相贯梁柱节点平面内抗弯承载力

为研究矩形钢管偏心相贯梁柱节点的平面内抗弯性能，完成了节点的平面内抗弯承载性能试验，得到其承载力和破坏模式，并通过有限元参数分析对理论式进行改进，结合回归分析，建立节点平面内抗弯承载力的实用计算式. 结果表明，节点的破坏模式为主管翼缘管壁屈服与腹板压屈的组合破坏. 加劲肋可有效提高矩形管偏心相贯梁柱节点的抗弯承载力. 通过参数分析，得到了梁柱翼缘宽度比、梁截面高度与柱翼缘宽度比、柱截面管壁宽厚比、梁柱截面壁厚比等参数对矩形管偏心相贯梁柱节点承载性能的影响规律，结果表明，增大梁高以及增大柱壁厚对于提高承载力最为有效. 最后拟合得到矩形管偏心相贯梁柱节点的承载力计算式，通过和试验结果及数值计算结果的对比，验证了计算式的准确性.     

全高强钢端板节点火灾后性能试验

为了解Q690高强钢端板节点火灾后的受力性能和失效机理,对2个过火550℃冷却后的Q690高强钢端板节点进行足尺模型试验研究,并将试验结果与常温下高强钢端板节点试验的结果、采用欧洲规范EC3计算的结果进行对比.研究结果表明:节点火灾后的失效模式为端板和螺栓组合破坏;高强钢端板节点火灾后仍具有良好的转动能力;EC3中用于普通钢端板节点承载能力计算和失效模式预测的组件法可直接用于计算和预测高强钢端板节点火灾后的承载能力和失效模式,但转动刚度的计算公式并不适用;过火550°C后冷却至常温,节点可恢复常温下90%以上的承载力.最后,给出判断高强钢节点火灾后失效模式的计算公式.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.