40Cr超高速磨削工艺实验研究

采用CBN砂轮,在砂轮线速度为90~210 m/s的磨削条件下,对40Cr进行了超高速磨削工艺实验.分析了在超高速磨削过程中砂轮周围气障对磨削过程的影响,讨论了砂轮线速度、切削深度、工件速度等工艺参数对磨削力、工件表面粗糙度、比磨削能的影响.实验表明,在高速超高速磨削过程中,砂轮速度提高使得磨削力大大减小,工件表面粗糙度值下降,工件表面质量得到提高;加大切削深度而工件表面粗糙度值增加不大,大大提高了磨削效率,同时也保证了工件表面质量.     

新型点磨削砂轮磨削表面/亚表面质量研究

区别于传统外圆磨削,点磨削加工砂轮轴线与工件轴线不平行,而是存在倾斜角α.设计了一种带有粗磨区倾角θ的新型点磨削砂轮,这种砂轮具有磨除率大、磨削表面粗糙度小等优点.由于α和θ的存在,改变了砂轮-工件接触区的几何关系,磨削表面/亚表面质量也随之发生变化.采用制备的新型砂轮,磨削材料为QT700的工件,检测工件表面/亚表面的金相组织、加工硬化和残余应力.分析α,θ以及磨削参数对表面/亚表面质量的影响规律,给出获得最优表面/亚表面质量的工艺参数,可知新型点磨削砂轮能够提高工件表面/亚表面质量.     

干湿磨条件下氧化锆陶瓷表面粗糙度实验

目的研究干磨和湿磨两种工作条件下,金刚石砂轮磨削氧化锆陶瓷时,各磨削参数对其表面粗糙度的影响.方法通过在干/湿磨条件下对氧化锆陶瓷以不同的砂轮线速度、磨削深度、工件进给速度进行平面磨削,并观察磨削后工件表面粗糙度数值的变化,再利用电子扫描显微镜对磨削后的表面形貌进行分析.结果在湿磨过程中,当砂轮线速度为50 m/s、磨削深度为0.010 mm、工件进给速度为500 mm/min时,氧化锆陶瓷件表面粗糙度为0.191 8μm,表面质量最好;在干磨过程中,当砂轮的线速度为50 m/s、磨削深度为0.010 mm、工件进给速度为500 mm/min时,氧化锆陶瓷件表面粗糙度为0.189 5μm,表面质量最好.结论干湿磨条件下各磨削参数对氧化锆陶瓷表面粗糙度影响主次顺序分别为砂轮线速度、磨削深度、工件进给速度.同时在小磨削量的精密磨削中,干磨的表面粗糙度要优于湿磨的表面粗糙度.     

45#钢CBN砂轮高速磨削(120m/s)工艺研究

在高速磨削工艺实验基础上,分析了砂轮线速度、切削深度、工件速度等工艺参数对磨削力、工件表面粗糙度、比金属切除率的影响.揭示了在高速磨削中,磨削力随砂轮线速度提高而减小,随切削深度、工件速度加大而加大,以及表面粗糙度随砂轮线速度提高而下降,随切削深度加大而增加的变化规律.这些规律为45#钢的高速磨削提供了一系列实用的工艺参数.     

基于微晶刚玉砂轮的20 CrMnTi齿轮成型磨削表面完整性

为研究微晶刚玉砂轮成型磨削20CrMnTi齿轮的表面完整性,开展了20CrMnTi齿轮成型磨削试验,分析了砂轮线速度、轴向进给速度及径向进给量对齿面粗糙度、表层/次表层显微硬度、微观组织和残余应力的影响规律,探讨了由磨削引起的磨削烧伤、微观裂纹等损伤缺陷的形成机理,结果表明:径向进给量对表面粗糙度的影响最显著,砂轮线速度次之,轴向进给速度最不显著;磨削温度过高会导致磨削烧伤,淬火烧伤使得表面硬度提高5%~20%,回火烧伤则导致表面硬度不同程度地下降;表层组织从外至内分别为白层、暗层和基体组织,白层主要由致密的马氏体+碳化物+残余奥氏体组成;砂轮线速度和径向进给量的增大使得由磨削引起的残余拉应力增大,表面残余压应力下降并逐渐向拉应力转变,当表面最终残余拉应力大于材料的断裂强度时,表面产生微观裂纹.     

小切深条件下磨削表面完整性变化机理

磨削表面强化后的残余应力及表面层硬度的改变是评价零件加工表面完整性的重要指标,并对零件的疲劳强度、耐磨损性能等影响显著.针对工程中更为多见的小切深磨削工艺过程,基于45钢试件磨削加工试验,以磨削变质层的金相组织、厚度、表面硬度和残余应力为研究对象,重点讨论了小切深条件下磨削表面变质层组织特征与形成机理.结果表明:在小切深干磨削条件下,工件表层存在残余拉应力,应力值随磨削深度的增加或工件速度的增加而减小;工件表面变质层厚度随磨削深度的增加或工件速度的减小而增大.试验结果说明,在小切深干磨削条件下,合理确定磨削用量及砂轮特性参数等,可使工件表层产生强化作用.     

新型点磨削砂轮磨削参数对表面质量的影响

提出一种带有粗磨区倾角θ的陶瓷结合剂CBN点磨削砂轮,研究了新型砂轮设计与制备的原理;这种新型砂轮具有磨除率大、加工精度好等优点.分别用不同θ角的砂轮在一系列磨削参数条件下磨削QT700材料的阶梯轴,用超景深显微系统和三维轮廓仪观测工件的表面质量,测量出表面粗糙度,得出偏转角α、磨削深度a p、工件轴向进给速度v f和砂轮速度v s等不同磨削参数对表面粗糙度的影响规律,并且比较了在同一组磨削参数下,3种不同θ角砂轮对表面粗糙度的影响情况.     

新型点磨削砂轮磨削参数对表面质量的影响

提出一种带有粗磨区倾角θ的陶瓷结合剂CBN点磨削砂轮,研究了新型砂轮设计与制备的原理;这种新型砂轮具有磨除率大、加工精度好等优点.分别用不同θ角的砂轮在一系列磨削参数条件下磨削QT700材料的阶梯轴,用超景深显微系统和三维轮廓仪观测工件的表面质量,测量出表面粗糙度,得出偏转角α、磨削深度ap、工件轴向进给速度vf和砂轮速度vs等不同磨削参数对表面粗糙度的影响规律,并且比较了在同一组磨削参数下,3种不同θ角砂轮对表面粗糙度的影响情况.     

镍基单晶高温合金磨削表面质量及亚表面微观组织试验

采用正交试验的方法,研究了镍基单晶高温合金DD5表面质量影响因素和亚表面微观组织.进行DD5平面槽磨削正交试验,得到砂轮线速度、磨削深度和进给速度对表面质量的影响规律,优选出最优工艺参数组合,并对磨削亚表面微观组织和磨屑形貌进行观察.结果表明:砂轮线速度对磨削表面粗糙度R_○a影响最大;随着砂轮线速度的增大,表面粗糙度R_○a不断减小;随着磨削深度和进给速度的增大,表面粗糙度R_○a不断增大.选出的镍基单晶高温合金DD5平面磨削试验参数范围内的最优工艺参数组合:砂轮线速度为30m/s,磨削深度为20μm,进给速度为0.2m/min.磨削亚表面出现了塑性变形层和加工硬化层.磨屑主要呈现出一节一节的锯齿状特征.     

氮化硅陶瓷的ELID高速磨削工艺试验研究

在采用封闭式阴极装置实现高速ELID磨削的基础上,对氮化硅陶瓷的ELID高速磨削工艺机理进行了研究.通过与非ELID高速磨削工艺的对比,揭示了氮化硅陶瓷ELID高速磨削的工艺机理,并给出了其表面粗糙度、磨削力与工艺参数之间的变化规律.这些规律表明:ELID高速磨削工艺能大大地减小氮化硅陶瓷的表面粗糙度值及磨削力,获得较好的表面质量.此外,砂轮线速度和磨削深度对其表面粗糙度值没有显著影响,且变化没有明显规律;而工件速度对表面粗糙度值存在一定的影响,表面粗糙度值随着工件进给速度的提高而增加,即表面加工质量有下降的趋势;ELID高速磨削工艺中的各类磨削参数均对氮化硅陶瓷的磨削力产生重大影响:磨削深度增加或工件速度的加快,都使磨削力变大;砂轮线速度的增加则导致磨削力下降.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with